deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

nucleotide

phosphodiester bond

nucleoside

deoxyribonucleotide

thymine (T)

adenine (A)

guanine (G)

cytosine (C)

ribonucleotide

uracil (U)

amino acid

peptide bond

alpha carbon atom (α carbon, C_α)

chemical bond

mole

van der Waals interaction

hydrophobic effect

pi stacking

hydrogen bond

achiral

chiral

pH

buffer solution

pK_a

activation energy

transition state

reaction mechanism

reaction intermediate

reaction kinetics

rate constant

first law of thermodynamics

second law of thermodynamics

entropy

free energy (G)

standard Gibbs free-energy change (ΔG^o)

catalyst