Chapter 1. Middle Childhood

Time for a Check Up

MC1
true
mc1
{true} player.setChildAge( "6y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 6)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 6)
{true} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", 0)
{model.Mother_smokes == "true" && model.Father_smokes == "false" && model.GayMan == "false"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 2)
{model.Mother_smokes == "true" && model.Father_smokes == "true" && model.GayMan == "false"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 3)
{model.Mother_smokes == "false" && model.Father_smokes == "true" && model.GayMan == "false"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 1)
{model.user_smokes == "false" && model.partner_smokes == "true" && model.GayMan == "true"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 1)
{model.user_smokes == "true" && model.partner_smokes == "false" && model.GayMan == "true"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 1)
{model.user_smokes == "true" && model.partner_smokes == "true" && model.GayMan == "true"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 2)
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 2)
{model.child_bad_diet == "true"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + 1)
{model.userEthnicity == "black"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + .5)
{model.partnerEthnicity == "black"} setModel("MC1_asthma_cnt", model.MC1_asthma_cnt + .5)
{true} setModel("r100", Math.floor(Math.random()*99) + 1)
{true} setModel("MC1_asthma_value", model.r100 - (5 * model.MC1_asthma_cnt))
{true} setModel("MC1_asthma", "false")
{model.MC1_asthma_value < 16} setModel("MC1_asthma", "true")
{true} setModel("r100", Math.floor(Math.random()*100))
{true} setModel("MC1_glasses", "false")
{model.activityLevel == "very_active" && model.EC4_control_screentime != 6 && model.r100 < 12} setModel("MC1_glasses", "true")
{model.activityLevel == "very_active" && model.EC4_control_screentime == 6 && model.r100 < 25} setModel("MC1_glasses", "true")
{model.activityLevel != "very_active" && model.EC4_control_screentime == 6 && model.r100 < 45} setModel("MC1_glasses", "true")
{true} setModel("start_paragraph", "")
{true} setModel("count", 0)
{true} setModel("ccount", 0)
{model.childData.bmipercentile > 84} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.MC1_asthma == "true"} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true"} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.childData.bmipercentile > 84} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " " + model.baby_his_her + " weight")
{model.childData.bmipercentile > 84} setModel("ccount", model.ccount + 1)
{model.childData.bmipercentile > 84 && (model.count-1) > model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + ", ")
{model.childData.bmipercentile > 84 && (model.count-1) == model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " " + " and ")
{model.MC1_asthma == "true"} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " asthma")
{model.MC1_asthma == "true"} setModel("ccount", model.ccount + 1)
{model.MC1_asthma == "true" && (model.count-1) > model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + ", ")
{model.MC1_asthma == "true" && (model.count-1) == model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " and ")
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " some challenges in adjusting to school")
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("ccount", model.ccount + 1)
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true" && (model.count-1) > model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + ", ")
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true" && (model.count-1) == model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " and ")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true"} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " some attentional challenges")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true"} setModel("ccount", model.ccount + 1)
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && (model.count-1) > model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + ", ")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && (model.count-1) == model.ccount && model.start_paragraph != ""} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " and ")
{model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("start_paragraph", model.start_paragraph + " ADHD")
{model.IT17_immunization_gr1_achieve == "Achieved"} setModel("MC1_immu_para", "It is also time for a check-in on your regular immunizations. " + model.babyName + " is already fully vaccinated. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " may need some boosters and the annual flu vaccine but " + model.baby_he_she + " is protected—and so are " + model.baby_his_her + " school-mates.")
{model.IT17_immunization_gr1_achieve != "Achieved"} setModel("MC1_immu_para", "It is also time for a check-in on your regular immunizations. You haven’t been keeping up with your regularly scheduled immunizations. This could put " + model.babyName + "—and " + model.baby_his_her + " school-mates—at risk. Are you ready to catch up?")

Look Inside

What is going on inside that cute little head? Review what we understand about brain development during middle childhood in this video.

Time for a Check Up

Learn More

3570828482001,3569294523001,3775575450001,3819358844001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2
Caucasian, male doctor with arms crossed, portrait style.
model.babyProviderName == "Nurse David Wilson"
Asian, female doctor, portrait style.
model.babyProviderName == "Nurse Patricia Kim"
Middle-aged, male, medical professional with stethoscope and clipboard
model.babyProviderName == "Dr. Edward Davis"
Middle-aged, African American, medical practitioner, portrait style.
model.babyProviderName == "Dr. Helen Williams"

While middle childhood is one of the healthiest times of life, some children do have some major or minor health challenges. {model.babyName}, as you know, has struggled with {model.start_paragraph}.

model.childData.bmipercentile > 84 || model.EC12_internalizing == "true" || model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.ADHD == "true" || model.MC1_asthma == "true"

Like most kids {model.baby_his_her} age, {model.babyName} is in excellent health. Middle childhood tends to be one of the healthiest times of the whole lifespan.

(model.childData.bmipercentile < 85 && model.ADHD != "true" && model.EC12_internalizing != "true" && model.EC12_externalizing != "true" && model.MC1_asthma != "true")

But {model.babyProviderName} is worried that {model.babyName} is a bit heavy for {model.baby_his_her} age and height. Childhood overweight can cause kids a number of health problems later in childhood and in adulthood.

model.childData.bmipercentile > 84 && model.threeYO_diet != "junky"

Something scary happened to {model.babyName} a few weeks ago. You had to take {model.baby_him_her} to the emergency room because {model.baby_he_she} just couldn’t seem to catch {model.baby_his_her} breath and stop coughing. {model.baby_He_She_cap} has always had allergies but this time you were really scared. The ER team said {model.baby_he_she} definitely had asthma. {model.shortbabyProviderName} is going to keep a close eye on {model.baby_him_her} and make sure {model.baby_he_she} has the medication {model.baby_he_she} needs to manage this.

model.MC1_asthma == "true"

At this visit, {model.shortbabyProviderName} also tested {model.babyName}’s vision. Thankfully, {model.babyName} doesn’t need glasses—one less thing to worry about.

model.SEClass != "L" && model.MC1_glasses == "false" && (model.babyMoodiness > 2.4 || model.stress > 4.9)

At this visit, {model.shortbabyProviderName} also tested {model.babyName}’s vision. {model.babyName}’s vision is perfect! {model.baby_He_She_cap} could read the eye chart up and down without any troubles.

model.SEClass != "L" && model.MC1_glasses == "false" && (model.babyMoodiness < 2.5 && model.stress < 5)

At this visit, {model.shortbabyProviderName} also tested {model.babyName}’s vision. Apparently {model.babyName} is going to need glasses! You reassure {model.babyName} that he will just look like Harry Potter!

model.SEClass != "L" && model.MC1_glasses == "true" && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"

At this visit, {model.shortbabyProviderName} also tested {model.babyName}’s vision. Apparently {model.babyName} is going to need glasses!

model.SEClass != "L" && model.MC1_glasses == "true" && model.baby_boy_girl != "boy"

But {model.babyProviderName} is worried that {model.babyName} is a bit heavy for {model.baby_his_her} age and height. Childhood overweight can cause kids a number of health problems later in childhood and in adulthood. {model.babyProvider_He_She_cap} is concerned that {model.babyName} is eating too much unhealthy food—and eating a more balanced diet would help control {model.baby_his_her} weight gain.

model.childData.bmipercentile > 84 && model.threeYO_diet == "junky"

{model.shortbabyProviderName} suggests that you keep up a diet with lots of fruits and vegetables but also make sure {model.babyName} is getting plenty of physical activity every day. This doesn’t necessarily mean signing {model.baby_him_her} up for Little League (unless you think {model.babyName} would enjoy that). In middle childhood, just spending time outside can be enough for some kids—although others enjoy team sports like baseball or individual sports like dance. About forty percent of elementary school kids sign up for some kind of organized sports.

{model.shortbabyProviderName} also reminds you that now is the time to try and make sure you’re making time to eat together as a family—at least three times a week. This family meal can help keep your family healthy—and keep up communication as {model.babyName} grows more independent.

Question 1.1

mabHxpfPeLIbfLaQhDeOvlV6gxu9ejMXL2Aror91GtCGJRInw16sqtBLAeb7Mp72ikBoBkBqxylDZmamDCkO6K4h5LztC0V3evnoWoUqvFbdR2yA8Z4Prf0RRYC7osXFsILon3wQd3+Upqiw7HGABLjb79sAGoAcWZiIxSsylY7TDpflK7kF0lnrvAMVGD7Gs7JKY1szLN109yh8oT6oFIirdhyqDsU6SVU+SE45o5gRxJEwv23h134nq9yXgN/YQr35gcMogKIGg88e2K3iNZNyYa5WmliASO/dSljhGN8J9fKaP+x9LKD09NdjQSOU54R97+lfRCsOEIN4ifjBogyMFEDEFQrBaFiI7poUh1OPZyDR5AeQeI4snT9AOfEPuq+d8+x/wog=
true
{true} setModel("MC1_sixYO_diet", "neutral")
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("MC1_sixYO_diet", "healthy")
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("child_bad_diet", "false")
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1)
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("MC1_sixYO_diet", "junky")
{qq1 == "4" || qq1 == 3 || qq1 == 2} setModel("child_bad_diet", "false")
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("child_bad_diet", "true")
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("permissive", model.permissive + 1)
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1)

Great choice! Feeding your child a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables gives {model.baby_him_her} a great start!

model.MC1_sixYO_diet == "healthy"

Okay. Remember that the more healthy food you offer your child now—the easier it will be for {model.baby_him_her} to enjoy it later in life.

model.MC1_sixYO_diet == "neutral"

Be careful! Like all of us, children do enjoy eating foods that are high in sugar, salt and fat, but they may be getting too many of the wrong sort of calories—and not enough experience eating healthier foods.

model.MC1_sixYO_diet == "junky"

Question 1.2

aAXRXMCQ1VupIE5Y0Oh1iTjToTieb/QXWt9pFP1vzzJB4//Oe9eTUnw5CzTmzozwTR6MElS+g25BKTOjTvkJqBGsxK4jSpcesggw60usDGE6ibdDpY8g7YQJLGl9fvY7p5cYvikTnRK0irNCWZUhL4MUoyX+wM+qjKShOH55SMjS5yc1IHeuklT10W+oOJFIeOnENyxyKRsdxsaE4L474awTydzNWDt1MoVXaHrjp1rG3zYRO1uPFBZx+bDipim9SAipZrITylFz6KRrk+uc3fQISquSLWsjOS7C6dNZipRKvj/s9CAb+bBMqTKshM2W0wqg8oUmkuRgdVvNjnt0SQ==
true
{true} setModel("MC1_activity", "active")
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("MC1_activity", "lessactive")
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1)
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("MC1_activity", "veryactive")
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("neglectful", model.neglectful + 1)
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1)

Great job! Keeping your child active will pay off not only in terms of {model.baby_his_her} health but also in terms of the rest of {model.baby_his_her} development. For kids, active play is often social play—so it could be good not only for their bodies but also for their friendships and even their thinking as they learn to plan and think abstractly about a game or a physical activity.

model.MC1_activity == "veryactive"

Good start! Remember that kids should be getting at least 20 minutes of active exercise (where they are breathing hard) almost every day. Try and limit their screen time and electronics to less than 2 hours a day and make sure they aren’t sitting for more than 60 minutes a time. Get them moving! Keeping your child active will pay off not only in terms of {model.baby_his_her} health but also in terms of the rest of {model.baby_his_her} development. For kids, active play is often social play—so it could be good not only for their bodies but also for their friendships and even their thinking as they learn to plan and think abstractly about a game or a physical activity.

model.MC1_activity == "active"

Think about getting your child more activity. Remember that kids should be getting at least 20 minutes of active exercise (where they are breathing hard) almost every day. Try and limit their screen time and electronics to less than 2 hours a day and make sure they aren’t sitting for more than 60 minutes a time. Get them moving! Keeping your child active will pay off not only in terms of {model.baby_his_her} health but also in terms of the rest of {model.baby_his_her} development. For kids, active play is often social play—so it could be good not only for their bodies but also for their friendships and even their thinking as they learn to plan and think abstractly about a game or a physical activity.

model.MC1_activity == "lessactive"

Question 1.3

VJVjkImZY4rvRUUO1f7tpfz7+FU7qjyRuPVK33pdk6J5Ob3oo7iuW5YuWW47BVYWFgGAmOF+4HkNE2sgRNF1bZVWSXHgtCh69yEIjizWmBeXC1pXw8SJqb9bK3r702d6tbRvYwX0UfYdo+lTnCeKhV+eI+8ORMjZGRmACnUH4pOfo5k3nwk2tFsnZBC4Kv8y+MVk13OYK7brVHpW6nh4XVIeo8pbg7QKQQXz/LRFq5QkiQ/H
true
{true} setModel("MC1_sixYO_family_meals", "three")
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("MC1_sixYO_family_meals", "none")
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1)
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("MC1_sixYO_family_meals", "sixplus")
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("neglectful", model.neglectful + 1)
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1)

It is sometimes challenging to find time for a whole family to get together to eat—but finding time to check in with children at mealtime can be a way of setting up a welcome routine for them. Families who have meals together—particularly those who have 3 or more meals together every week—tend to have healthier diets—and parents seem to even have stronger relationships with their kids (and their kids seem to have fewer mental health problems in adolescence). But some of this may be correlational—the meals may not be making the difference as much as the families are. Families who have meals together may just be less stressed and more organized than families who don’t—even without the meals.

model.MC1_sixYO_family_meals == "none"

Great work finding time to eat together! It is sometimes challenging to find time for a whole family to get together—but finding time to check in with children at mealtime can be a way of setting up a welcome routine for them. Families who have meals together—particularly those who have 3 or more meals together every week—tend to have healthier diets—and seem to even have stronger relationships with their kids (and their kids seem to have fewer mental health problems in adolescence). But some of this may be correlational—the meals may not be making the difference as much as the families are. Families who have meals together may just be less stressed and more organized than families who don’t—even without the meals.

model.MC1_sixYO_family_meals == "three"

Great work finding time to be together! It is sometimes challenging to find time for a whole family to get together to eat—but finding time to check in with children at mealtime can be a way of setting up a welcome routine for them. Families who have meals together—particularly those who have 3 or more meals together every week—tend to have healthier diets—and seem to even have stronger relationships with their kids (and their kids seem to have fewer mental health problems in adolescence). But some of this may be correlational—the meals may not be making the difference as much as the families are. Families who have meals together may just be less stressed and more organized than families who don’t—even without the meals.

model.MC1_sixYO_family_meals == "sixplus"

Question 1.4

lRcdGewbpFUvBgvxCQLSk01lUJrS87AhPkWyAdCyiJfV0EZrWrIocNHqJoechPzFRIssYYEhprAGshDI34owQBFa6Iqz/KUOn0PJ115hPX7cN4j8Ggc5UOwqrmfdeBVPnGrOMN1wtzUB3GwpYMoq3jk5io28bwfi37OcHTSX++e8lcBb3rOhDHsS/gDjb/cBn+uCZkgYDIy7r3oe7WsWgO9Lj4jPkDSEHDvVY+l7uO9tnsNPNtKkmgu5xxWBmvKOauM9J+RYl0hrwDLZ
true
{true} setModel("MC1_immunization", "partial")
{qq1 == "1"} setModel("MC1_immunization", "none")
{qq1 == "5"} setModel("MC1_immunization", "full")

Consider getting catch up vaccinations at a later visit. Remember, immunization works best if everyone is immunized—so the diseases have no place to survive.

model.MC1_immunization == "none"

Consider getting catch up vaccinations at a later visit. Remember, immunization works best if everyone is immunized—so the diseases have no place to survive.

model.MC1_immunization == "partial"

Great work!

model.MC1_immunization == "full"

Explain

Most kids are healthy and feel that they are in exceptional health during middle childhood.

Percentage of 6-10 Year Olds Who Feel…

Some kids—who may still feel like they are in excellent health—continue to struggle with their weight in middle childhood, particularly children who are from lower income families and who are African-American or Hispanic. But the best ways to keep kids from becoming overweight—and to help them with their weight—seem to be to encourage more physical activity, keep them on a fairly balanced, healthy diet (low in junk food, high in fruits and vegetables) and try gathering for a family meal at dinner. This is a good time for families to come together, eat and establish some shared rituals which can help bolster parents and children in an often too busy and too hectic life.

How Many 6 to 11-Year-Olds Are Overweight?

Most kids aren’t getting enough exercise or activity every day. This can be for many reasons—maybe they are not enrolled in an organized sports program, or because their parents feel it isn’t safe for them to play alone outside after school, or they can’t afford to enroll them in an after-school activity, or because they simply prefer to be inside playing video games.

Most kids get exercise at some point during the week, and almost half are getting exercise nearly every day.

How Many Days a Week Are Children Getting Active for More Than 20 Minutes?

Children start getting involved in sports in first or second grade—earlier for kids from wealthier families.

At What Age Do Kids Start Playing Sports?

The research on family meals is complex. While family meals are certainly not the magic answer to all family problems, they seem to be a good thing that families can aspire to do together. Families who eat together also tend to struggle less with being overweight and tend to have more communication, and less depression, in adolescence. So it seems like a trend worth trying out! And most families are eating together most of the time—although this number seems to lessen as kids grow older.

How Often Do Children Eat Dinner with Their Families?

Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in young children—with almost fifteen percent of kids having been diagnosed with asthma at some point during childhood. It can cause difficulty breathing—which can range from coughing to serious asthma attacks that can end up in hospitalization. Asthma can be well controlled with medication intervention for asthma attacks–like “rescue inhalers”–but kids with asthma still end up missing more school than other children and many limit their outdoor and athletic activities because they are concerned about exposure to allergens or other triggers to asthma attacks. Asthma tends to occur in poor kids more than wealthy ones—perhaps because pollution, smoking and poor air quality are common risk factors—and tends to vary across ethnic groups.

While experts advise that all children should receive a vision screening—and hopefully more than once before they start kindergarten—many have not. Vision screening can help kids with easily correctable problems and can help children who require glasses get the tools they need to be successful in school. Not being able to see can make it difficult to learn to read—for kids who have trouble with close-up vision—and also to make friends—for kids who have trouble seeing things far away and may not recognize a friend smiling or waving from across the lunch room. In general, children with more family income tend to be more likely to receive vision screening. And of these kids, about one-quarter need glasses.

How Many Kids 6 and Younger Have Received a Vision Screening?

Do kids who are already in elementary school still get vaccinated? Yes, there are some boosters and the annual flu vaccine. Also, kids who weren’t immunized earlier have a chance to catch up at this visit. Remember that most kids are immunized. Despite the publicity given to parents who “opt out” of immunization, the vast majority of children are immunized and fewer than 2% refuse vaccinations because of a philosophical or religious reason. However, in certain pockets of the country, more than 10% of children are not vaccinated, making outbreaks of diseases like whooping cough or measles increasingly common.

How Many Kindergartners are Vaccinated Across the Country?

Continue

MC2

What Makes 'More' More?

MC2
true
mc2
{true} player.setChildAge( "6y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 6)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 6)
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("fb_concrete", "Not quite yet! Even though most children move into concrete operational thought between the time they are 6 and 8, " + model.babyName + " hasn’t quite reached it yet. That doesn’t mean that there is something wrong with " + model.baby_him_her + ", or that " + model.baby_he_she + " isn’t bright in many other ways. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is just stuck looking at other parts of the problem—instead of being able to grasp that the juice would be just the same (conserved) if it was poured from one glass into another, " + model.baby_he_she + " focuses on how tall each glass is.")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("fb_concrete", "Good guess! " + model.babyName + " is a little young but " + model.baby_he_she + " seems to be able to imagine what might happen if one glass of juice was poured into the other—and " + model.baby_he_she + " has a sense that the amount of liquid is conserved and stayed consistent no matter what the shape of the glass is. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " isn’t focusing exclusively on how tall each glass is. This doesn’t mean that " + model.baby_he_she + " is a super-genius—just that " + model.baby_he_she + " has a bit more cognitive maturity than " + model.baby_he_she + " used to. ")
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("fb_preoperational", "Good Guess! Most children move into concrete operational thought between the time they are 6 and 8, " + model.babyName + " hasn’t quite reached it yet. That doesn’t mean that there is something wrong with " + model.baby_him_her + ", or that " + model.baby_he_she + " isn’t bright in many other ways. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is just stuck looking at other parts of the problem—instead of being able to grasp that the juice would be just the same (conserved) if it was poured from one glass into another, " + model.baby_he_she + " focuses on how tall each glass is.")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("fb_preoperational", "Not quite! " + model.babyName + " is a bit more sophisticated than you might realize. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is a little young but " + model.baby_he_she + " seems to be able to imagine what might happen if one glass of juice was poured into the other—and " + model.baby_he_she + " has a sense that the amount of liquid is conserved and stayed consistent no matter what the shape of the glass is. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " isn’t focusing exclusively on how tall each glass is. This doesn’t mean that " + model.baby_he_she + " is a super-genius—just that " + model.baby_he_she + " has a bit more cognitive maturity than " + model.baby_he_she + " used to.")
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC2_conservation", "fail")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC2_conservation", "pass")

What Makes 'More' More?

Look Inside

What is going on inside that cute little head? Review what we understand about brain development during middle childhood in this video.

Learn More

3775555272001,3580149528001,3570701423001,3570708975001,3842748412001,3816121898001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2

You have {model.babyName}’s friend {model.friend1Name_gr1} over for a playdate on the weekend and pour each of them some juice for a treat. You don’t have matching glasses but you think that is going to be okay, because they must realize that the amount of juice you’re pouring into each cup will probably work out to be about the same. In fact, you pour the juice from one glass to another just to show them that the amount is the same.

But do you think {model.babyName} will agree? Or do you think {model.baby_he_she} and {model.friend1Name_gr1} will bicker over who has more juice? Will they agree that it will be the same amount of juice no matter what shape glass you pour it into?

Remember Jean Piaget? It is time for another check-in to see where {model.babyName} is on {model.baby_his_her} journey of cognitive development.

What’s your guess? Has {model.babyName} grown beyond Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought?

Question 1.5

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
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q1", "Can child understand conservation")
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("track_MC_Q1_resp", "stage of concrete operational thought")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("track_MC_Q1_resp", "stage of preoperational throught")

Explain

Just because your child is still willing to fight with {model.baby_his_her} friend over the exact same amount of juice doesn’t mean that {model.baby_he_she} is not bright. {model.baby_He_She_cap} just focused on the wrong aspect of the problem and {model.baby_he_she} hasn’t quite graduated to more adult logic. Children in the preoperational stage will look at this classic conservation task and focus on the shape of the glass, rather than remembering that the amount of liquid is the same no matter what shape it is in. Younger children tend to make a number of errors in this task that are characteristic of preoperational thinking.

  • They tend to concentrate—or fixate—on one aspect of the problem (like the shape of the glass) instead of looking at the bigger aspects of the task.
  • They don’t understand that liquid (or solids, for that matter) tend not to magically appear or disappear. They don’t understand that the amount of liquid will be conserved or stay the same in this problem.

Older children tend to be able to look beyond these problems and understand that no more liquid was added (or taken away), no matter the shape of the glass. As they grow older, they’ll be able to demonstrate their ability to use logic (helpful in making arguments for what they want as well as doing things like math at school) and their ability to think from other people’s points of view (which is also useful in trying to get what they want).

Continue

MC3

How Did You Do on the Test?

MC3
true
mc3
{true} player.setChildAge( "7y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 7)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 7)
{true} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", 0)
{true} setModel("divorceProtectiveFactors", 0)
{model.userAgeValueUpdated < 22} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.Relationship != "single" && model.partnerAgeValueUpdated < 22} setModel("divorceProtectiveFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.SEClass == "L" && (model.userStudent == "true" || model.partnerStudent == "true")} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.SEClass == "L" && model.userStudent == "false" && model.partnerStudent == "false"} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 2)
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 0.5)
{model.userMoodiness > 1.4} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.Relationship != "single" && model.partnerMoodiness > 1.4} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.PN3_drinking_status == "mom_drinks_heavily"} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.PN3_np_drinking_status == "non_mom_drinks_heavily"} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.pn4a_Q3 == "A" && model.pn4a_Q4 == "A"} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.pn4b_attach != "secure"} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.stress > 4} setModel("divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{model.userReligious == 2 || model.userReligious == 2.5} setModel("divorceProtectiveFactors", model.divorceProtectiveFactors + 2)
{model.userReligious == 3} setModel("divorceProtectiveFactors", model.divorceProtectiveFactors + 3)
{model.babyCarefulness > 2} setModel("divorceProtectiveFactors", model.divorceProtectiveFactors + 2)
{model.Relationship == "married"} setModel("divorceProtectiveFactors", model.divorceProtectiveFactors + 2)
{model.stress > 4} setModel("MC_divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{true} setModel("MC_divorceRiskFactors", model.divorceRiskFactors + 1)
{true} setModel("MC_parents_are_divorcing", "false")
{model.IT_parents_are_divorcing == "false" && model.EC_parents_are_divorcing == "false" && (model.MC_divorceRiskFactors - model.divorceProtectiveFactors) > model.divorceValue} setModel("MC_parents_are_divorcing", "true")
{model.IT_parents_are_divorcing == "true" || model.EC_parents_are_divorcing == "true" || model.MC_parents_are_divorcing == "true"} setModel("parents_are_divorcing", "true")
{true} setModel("MC_sibling", "false")
{true} setModel("r100", Math.floor(Math.random()*100))
{model.parents_are_divorcing == "true"} setModel("sibling", "never")
{true} setModel("MC_sibling_factor1", "false")
{true} setModel("MC_sibling_factor2", "false")
{true} setModel("college_degree", "false")
{model.SEClass != "L" && model.userAgeValueUpdated > 22 && model.partnerAgeValueUpdated > 22} setModel("college_degree", "true")
{model.SEClass == "U" && model.userAgeValueUpdated > 22 && model.partnerAgeValueUpdated > 22} setModel("MC_sibling_factor1", "true")
{model.userAgeValueUpdated > 34 && model.partnerAgeValueUpdated > 34} setModel("MC_sibling_factor2", "true")
{model.sibling == "false" && model.MC_sibling_factor1 == "false" && model.MC_sibling_factor2 == "false" && model.r100 > 49} setModel("MC_sibling", "true")
{model.sibling == "false" && model.userAgeValueUpdated > 34 && model.partnerAgeValueUpdated > 34 && model.r100 > 29} setModel("MC_sibling", "true")
{model.sibling == "false" && model.college_degree == "true" && model.r100 > 29} setModel("MC_sibling", "true")
{model.MC_sibling == "true"} setModel("sibling", "true")
{true} setModel("MC3_psychologistName", "Dr. Hill")
{true} setModel("MC3_dyslexia", "false")
{(model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") || (model.nEC9_literacy_achieve == "At risk" && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent") || model.ADHD == "true")} setModel("MC3_dyslexia", "true")
{true} setModel("teacherSex_gr2", "male")
{model.r100 < 90} setModel("teacherSex_gr2", "female")
{true} setModel("teacherPrefix_gr2", "Mr.")
{model.r100 < 60 && model.teacherSex_gr2 == "female"} setModel("teacherPrefix_gr2", "Mrs.")
{model.r100 > 59 && model.teacherSex_gr2 == "female"} setModel("teacherPrefix_gr2", "Ms.")
{model.r4 == 0} setModel("teacherName_gr2", model.teacherPrefix_gr2 + " Smith")
{model.r4 == 1} setModel("teacherName_gr2", model.teacherPrefix_gr2 + " Johnson")
{model.r4 == 2} setModel("teacherName_gr2", model.teacherPrefix_gr2 + " Williams")
{model.r4 == 3} setModel("teacherName_gr2", model.teacherPrefix_gr2 + " Jones")
{true} setModel("MC3_get_help", "false")
{true} setModel("MC3_learning_or_emotional_disorders", "false")
{true} setModel("MC3_learning_disorder", "false")

Look Inside

Around the age of 7 or 8, the essence of game playing is to follow the rules. A younger child may be happy to have "4 strikes" in a softball game, but older children have an intense desire to master the rules of games. This concern for rules reflects both increased cognitive capacity—children can remember complicated rules—and a changing sense of self that includes external standards set by adults and peers, e.g., "I can do that as well as anyone!"

Review what we understand about intelligence and intelligence testing in middle childhood in this video.

How Did You Do on the Test?

Learn More

3775555272001,3775555305001,3816121898001,3237311357001,3570645358001,3571001752001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2
Mom and young daughter reading together at the kitchen table.
model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"
Teaching helping young child write with a pencil.
model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"
{true} setModel("MC3_start1", "false")
{model.nec10_speech_delay == "true" || model.nec9_num_at_risk_scores != 0 || (model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "Emergent") || (model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "At risk" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk" || model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "At risk") || model.ADHD == "true" || model.EC12_internalizing == "true" || model.EC12_externalizing == "true"} setModel("MC3_start1", "true")
{model.r3 == 0} setModel("random_dyslexia_form", "decoding")
{model.r3 == 1} setModel("random_dyslexia_form", "fluency")
{model.r3 == 2} setModel("random_dyslexia_form", "reading comprehension")
{model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "At risk" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk" || model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("MC3_consider", "tutoring and additional at-home practice")
{model.nec10_speech_delay == "true"} setModel("MC3_consider", "speech therapy")
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("random_dyscalculia", "memorizing math")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("random_dyscalculia", "number sense")
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("MC3_progress", "math")
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("MC3_progress", "reading")
{(model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk") && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk")} setModel("MC3_progress", "math and reading")
{model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("MC3_progress", "speaking better")
{true} setModel("MC3_SLD_text", "")
{model.MC3_SLD_text == "" && (model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk")} setModel("MC3_SLD_text", "with reading")
{(model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk")} setModel("MC3_SLD_text", "with math")
{(model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk") && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk")} setModel("MC3_SLD_text", "with math and reading")

You’ve been a bit worried about how {model.babyName} was doing in school, so you were relieved when {model.teacherName_gr2}, {model.baby_his_her} second grade teacher, suggested that {model.babyName} get an evaluation to check for any learning challenges.

You’ve been working with {model.babyName} at home every day, so you’re hoping that it has been paying off and that second grade will go more smoothly.

(model.enrichment > 0)

{model.babyName} was evaluated by {model.MC3_psychologistName}, a school psychologist, and {model.PN2_shortdoctorName_he_she} reported that one of the reasons {model.babyName} has been having trouble {model.MC3_SLD_text} is because {model.baby_he_she} has a specific learning disability.

model.MC3_SLD_text != ""

{model.MC3_psychologistName}, the school psychologist, confirmed that {model.baby_he_she} does indeed have trouble with {model.random_dyslexia_form}.

These decoding, spelling, and word recognition problems that show up when {model.babyName} is reading are also commonly referred to as dyslexia.

model.SLD_literacy == "true" && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk")

{model.MC3_psychologistName}, the school psychologist, confirmed that {model.baby_he_she} does indeed have trouble with {model.random_dyscalculia}. Sometimes people refer to these challenges with math as dyscalculia.

(model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk")

{model.MC3_psychologistName} confirmed that {model.baby_he_she} does indeed have trouble with both reading and math skills. These decoding, spelling, and word recognition problems that show up when {model.babyName} is reading are also commonly referred to as dyslexia. Sometimes people refer to these challenges with math as dyscalculia.

(model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk") && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk")

{model.babyName} was evaluated by {model.MC3_psychologistName}, the school psychologist, and {model.PN2_shortdoctorName_he_she} reported that one of the reasons {model.babyName} has been having trouble with reading is that {model.baby_he_she} has a specific learning disability.

{model.MC3_psychologistName} confirmed that {model.baby_he_she} does indeed have trouble with {model.random_dyslexia_form}.

These decoding, spelling, and word recognition problems that show up when {model.babyName} is reading are also commonly referred to as dyslexia. They can be more common in children with speech delay and speech challenges.

model.random_dyslexia_form == "decoding"
model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk"
model.nec10_speech_delay == "true"

This doesn’t mean that {model.babyName} isn’t bright! Children with Specific Learning Disorders are usually just as intelligent as other children. They just have challenges in some specific areas. And the good news is that there are some terrific interventions that can help {model.babyName} catch up.

model.SLD_math == "true" || model.SLD_literacy == "true"

{model.babyName} was evaluated by {model.MC3_psychologistName}, a school psychologist, and {model.PN2_shortdoctorName_he_she} reported that {model.babyName} doesn’t have a specific learning disability. So while {model.babyName} doesn’t appear to have a brain-based problem with learning, you might want to consider {model.MC3_consider} to help your child’s progress in {model.MC3_progress}.

model.SLD_math == "true" || model.SLD_literacy == "true"
model.MC3_start1 == "true"
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC3_tasks", "reciting their math facts")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC3_tasks", "reading aloud")
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("ADHD_level", "severe")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("ADHD_level", "moderate")
{true} setModel("MC3_start2", "false")
{model.focus_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" && model.EC12_externalizing == "false"} setModel("MC3_start2", "true")

Your child’s second grade teacher, {model.teacherName_gr2}, has been worried that {model.babyName} isn’t quite keeping up with the other kids. {model.baby_He_She_cap} seems to have trouble staying focused. {model.baby_He_She_cap} stares off into space while the other children are {model.MC3_tasks}. {model.teacherName_gr2} is worried that {model.baby_he_she} may have a specific learning disorder and has recommended that {model.baby_he_she} be evaluated by the school psychologist.

The school psychologist, {model.MC3_psychologistName}, tested {model.babyName}, and reported that {model.baby_he_she} does have {model.ADHD_level} Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder.

You were surprised because {model.babyName} doesn’t seem to have a problem focusing on video games. But {model.MC3_psychologistName} explained that ADHD seems to mostly interfere with paying attention to more boring tasks.

model.EC4_control_screentime > 2

You weren’t so surprised because {model.babyName} seems to have trouble focusing when you ask {model.baby_him_her} to read aloud to you at home—but when {model.baby_he_she} is playing with {model.baby_his_her} Legos, {model.baby_he_she} is impossible to interrupt. {model.MC3_psychologistName} explained that ADHD seems to interfere with paying attention to boring tasks—but children with ADHD may have no problem focusing on things that interest them.

model.EC4_control_screentime == 2

This doesn’t mean that {model.babyName} isn’t bright! Children with ADHD are just as intelligent as other children. They just have challenges with attention and focus. And the good news is that there are some terrific treatments—both medications and therapeutic interventions that can help {model.babyName} catch up.

model.ADHD == "true"
model.MC3_start2 == "true"
{true} setModel("MC3_maladjusted_count", 0)
{model.parenting_score < 0 || model.neglectful > 1.99} setModel("MC3_maladjusted_count", model.MC3_maladjusted_count + 1)
{model.stress > 3} setModel("MC3_maladjusted_count", model.MC3_maladjusted_count + 1)
{model.elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_maladjusted_count", model.MC3_maladjusted_count + 1)
{true} setModel("r2", Math.floor(Math.random()*2))
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC3_depressed_anxious", "depressed")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC3_depressed_anxious", "overly anxious")
{true} setModel("MC3_start3", "false")
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true" && model.babyOutgoingScore == "L" && model.MC3_maladjusted_count > 1.99} setModel("MC3_start3", "true")

Your child’s second grade teacher, {model.teacherName_gr2}, has been worried that {model.babyName} isn’t quite keeping up with the other kids. {model.baby_He_She_cap} seems to be sad and extremely quiet in class. When the other children are playing together, {model.baby_he_she} seems to hold back and sometimes bursts into tears. {model.teacherName_gr2} is worried that {model.baby_he_she} may have some emotional problems and has recommended that {model.baby_he_she} be evaluated by the school psychologist.

The school psychologist, {model.MC3_psychologistName}, tested {model.babyName}, and reported that {model.baby_he_she} does seem to be {model.MC3_depressed_anxious}. {model.MC3_psychologistName} recommends that {model.baby_he_she} have some follow up visits with a therapist to work with both of you to help {model.baby_him_her} feel better.

model.MC3_start3 == "true"
{true} setModel("MC3_ODD", "false")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && model.parenting_score < -3 && model.prenatal_care_quality == "bad" && model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC3_ODD", "true")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "girl" && model.parenting_score < -5 && model.prenatal_care_quality == "bad" && model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC3_ODD", "true")
{true} setModel("MC3_start4", "false")
{true} setModel("MC3_IEP", "false")
{(model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.EC12_internalizing == "true") || (model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true")} setModel("MC3_learning_or_emotional_disorders", "true")
{model.SLD_math != "true" && model.SLD_reading != "true" && model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.MC3_ODD == "true"} setModel("MC3_start4", "true")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.MC3_ODD == "true" && (model.SLD_literacy != "true" && model.SLD_math != "true")} setModel("MC3_start4", "true")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.MC3_ODD == "true" && (model.SLD_literacy != "true" && model.SLD_math != "true") && model.MC3_learning_or_emotional_disorders == "true"} setModel("MC3_IEP", "true")
{model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true"} setModel("MC3_learning_disorder", "true")

{model.babyName}’s second grade teacher, {model.teacherName_gr2}, has been worried about {model.babyName}’s behavior in class. Apparently {model.baby_he_she} has been pushing other children and losing {model.baby_his_her} temper easily with the children sitting next to {model.baby_him_her} in circle. {model.teacherName_gr2} is worried that {model.babyName} may have some emotional problems and may be bullying other children and has recommended that {model.baby_he_she} be evaluated by the school psychologist.

The school psychologist, {model.MC3_psychologistName}, tested {model.babyName} and reported that {model.baby_he_she} does seem to have some issues with aggression and anger. {model.baby_He_She_cap} might even meet the diagnosis for oppositional defiant disorder. {model.PN2_shortdoctorName_He_She_cap} recommends that {model.babyName} have some follow up visits with a therapist to work with both of you to help {model.baby_him_her} with {model.baby_his_her} anger and both of you work better together—a better relationship with you can help make {model.babyName} better manage {model.baby_his_her} anger and behavior at school.

The school will give also give {model.babyName} some targeted attention and work to develop an individualized educational plan (IEP) to make sure that {model.babyName} is improving and getting the help that {model.baby_he_she} needs.

model.MC3_IEP == "true"
model.MC3_start4 == "true"
{true} setModel("MC3_gifted_testing_track", "false")
{model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("MC3_gifted_testing_track", "true")
{true} setModel("MC3_start5", "false")
{model.MC3_gifted_testing_track == "true"} setModel("MC3_start5", "true")

Ever since {model.babyName} started talking so early, you’ve been wondering whether {model.baby_he_she} is possibly gifted. {model.babyName} did very well in first grade and you asked {model.baby_his_her} second grade teacher, {model.teacherName_gr2}, whether {model.baby_he_she} could be evaluated for a gifted and talented program.

model.IT16_early_talker == "true" && model.nEC9_literacy_achieve != "Achieved"

{model.babyName} started talking so early, you’ve been wondering whether {model.baby_he_she} is possibly gifted. {model.babyName} was reading in preschool and did very well in first grade so you asked {model.baby_his_her} second grade teacher, {model.teacherName_gr2}, whether {model.baby_he_she} could be evaluated for a gifted and talented program.

model.IT16_early_talker == "true" && model.nEC9_literacy_achieve == "Achieved"

Ever since {model.babyName} started reading in preschool, you wondered whether {model.baby_he_she} is gifted. {model.baby_He_She_cap} did very well in first grade so you asked {model.baby_his_her} teacher, {model.teacherName_gr2}, whether {model.baby_he_she} could be evaluated for a gifted and talented program.

model.MC3_gifted_testing_track == "true" && model.IT16_early_talker == "false"

{model.babyName} has always done just fine in school, but this year {model.teacherName_gr2} seems to be seeing something special in {model.baby_him_her}. {model.teacherName_gr2}, {model.baby_his_her} second grade teacher, suggested that {model.babyName} be tested for the gifted program.

(model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted") && model.IT16_early_talker == "false" && model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve != "Gifted"
{true} setModel("MC3_gifted", "false")
{true} setModel("MC3_potentially_gifted", "false")
{true} setModel("nEC9_no_risk", "false")
{model.nEC9_language_risk_factor_num < .1 && model.nEC9_literacy_risk_factor_num < .1 && model.nEC9_math_risk_factor_num < .1} setModel("nEC9_no_risk", "true")
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Achieved") && (model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "Achieved") && model.nEC9_no_risk == "true"} setModel("MC3_potentially_gifted", "true")
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Achieved") && (model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "Achieved") && model.nEC9_no_risk == "true"} setModel("MC3_potentially_gifted", "true")
{model.EC12_literacy_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Achieved") && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Achieved") && model.nEC9_no_risk == "true"} setModel("MC3_potentially_gifted", "true")
{model.MC3_potentially_gifted == "true" && model.r100 < 66} setModel("MC3_gifted", "true")
{model.MC3_potentially_gifted == "true" && model.nEC9_no_risk == "false" && model.r100 < 33} setModel("MC3_gifted", "true")
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.nEC9_no_risk == "true"} setModel("MC3_gifted", "true")
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.nEC9_no_risk == "false" && model.r100 < 50} setModel("MC3_gifted", "true")

{model.babyName} was tested by the school psychologist, {model.MC3_psychologistName}. {model.PN2_shortdoctorName_He_She_cap} performed an intelligence test and {model.babyName} received a score that put {model.baby_him_her} in the top 5% of children {model.baby_his_her} age. According to the standards of your school district, {model.babyName} is gifted which commonly indicates that a child is generally extremely bright in a general test of intelligence. Being bright or intelligent generally has a number of different factors—and doing well on a standard intelligence test is just one aspect. Some children have special talents in areas like being good at music or sports. Your school system, like many others, has chosen to identify children for their gifted program based on just one intelligence test.

model.MC3_gifted == "true"

{model.babyName} was tested by the school psychologist, {model.MC3_psychologistName}. {model.PN2_shortdoctorName_He_She_cap} performed an intelligence test and {model.babyName} received a score that put {model.baby_him_her} in the top 10% of children {model.baby_his_her} age. Pretty good! But according to the standards of your school system, {model.babyName} didn’t test quite well enough. They only allow the top 5% of children into the gifted program due to funding restrictions.

Remember that being bright or intelligent generally has a number of different factors—and doing well on a standard intelligence test is just one aspect. Some children have special talents in areas like being good at music or sports. Your school system, like many others, has chosen to identify children for their gifted program based on just one intelligence test. And remember that doing well on this one test—and being included in the gifted program doesn’t mean that your child isn’t bright and won’t be successful. One of the most important things you can do to support your very bright child is to give {model.baby_him_her} lots of enrichment at home—and encourage {model.baby_him_her} to learn about new things.

model.MC3_gifted == "false"
model.MC3_start5 == "true"
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength1", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength2", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength3", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength4", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength5", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength6", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength7", "")
{model.babyMusicalSkillsScore == "H" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength1", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about the chorus they have at school this year. The teacher is supposed to be really fun!")
{model.babyPhysicalSkillsScore == "H" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength2", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about gym this year. They’re starting out with soccer. The teacher is supposed to be really fun!")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && ((model.babySpatialSkillsScore == "H" && model.babyOpennessScore == "H") || (model.babySpatialSkillsScore == "H" && model.babyOpennessScore != "L") || (model.babySpatialSkillsScore != "L" && model.babyOpennessScore == "H"))} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength3", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about art this year. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " already came home with a fabulous collage. The teacher is really fun!")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && model.babyMathSkillsScore == "H"} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength4", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about school this year. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " already came home with a flyer advertising an after-school chess club. The coach is supposed to be really fun!")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Achieved" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted")} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength5", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about the new library they have at school this year. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " already came home with a pile of new books. The librarian is supposed to be really fun!")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H"} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength6", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about the aquarium " + model.teacherName_gr2 + " has in " + model.baby_his_her + " classroom. " + model.babyName + " gets to feed the fish on Thursdays.")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength7", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about the school lunches this year. Apparently they get pizza every Wednesday.")
{true} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", "")
{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength1 != ""} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength1)
{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength2 != ""} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength2)
{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength3 != ""} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength3)
{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength4 != ""} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength4)
{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength5 != ""} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength5)
{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength6 != ""} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength6)
{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength7 != ""} setModel("MC3_goodschool_student_strength", model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength7)
{true} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength1", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength2", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength3", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength4", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength5", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength6", "")
{model.babyMusicalSkillsScore == "H" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength1", model.babyName + " was disappointed that the music program was cut because of budget constraints this year. But " + model.teacherName_gr2 + " has promised to do a lot of singing in the classroom.")
{model.babyPhysicalSkillsScore == "H" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength2", model.babyName + " was disappointed that the physical education program was cut because of budget constraints this year. But at least they still have some recess time to run around.")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && ((model.babySpatialSkillsScore == "H" && model.babyOpennessScore == "H") || (model.babySpatialSkillsScore == "H" && model.babyOpennessScore != "L") || (model.babySpatialSkillsScore != "L" && model.babyOpennessScore == "H"))} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength3", model.babyName + " was disappointed that the art program was cut because of budget constraints this year. But " + model.teacherName_gr2 + " has promised to do a lot of coloring in the classroom.")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && model.babyMathSkillsScore == "H"} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength4", model.babyName + " found out about an after school chess club this year. You aren’t sure how to get " + model.baby_him_her + " there, though, since it is at another school several miles away.")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Achieved" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted")} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength5", model.babyName + " was disappointed with the books in the classroom library. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " says that " + model.baby_he_she + "has already read most of them. You’ll need to make extra time for the library this year.")
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength6", model.babyName + " is particularly excited about the school lunches this year. Apparently they get pizza every Wednesday.")
{true} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength", "")
{model.MC3_badschool_student_strength1 != ""} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength", model.MC3_badschool_student_strength1)
{model.MC3_badschool_student_strength2 != ""} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength", model.MC3_badschool_student_strength2)
{model.MC3_badschool_student_strength3 != ""} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength", model.MC3_badschool_student_strength3)
{model.MC3_badschool_student_strength4 != ""} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength", model.MC3_badschool_student_strength4)
{model.MC3_badschool_student_strength5 != ""} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength", model.MC3_badschool_student_strength5)
{model.MC3_badschool_student_strength6 != ""} setModel("MC3_badschool_student_strength", model.MC3_badschool_student_strength6)

Welcome to second grade! This year, {model.babyName} has {model.teacherName_gr2} at {model.nEC9_neighborhood_school} and is working hard at improving {model.baby_his_her} reading and math skills.

{model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength}

model.MC3_goodschool_student_strength != ""

{model.MC3_badschool_student_strength}

model.MC3_badschool_student_strength != ""

{model.babyName}’s speech has gotten enormously better in this last year, thanks to {model.baby_his_her} hard work with the speech language pathologist at school. You think this may be the last year that {model.baby_he_she} needs to continue with speech therapy.

model.IT16_support_lang_dev == "speech_therapy"

You got an invitation from the school to have {model.babyName} evaluated by a school psychologist. Apparently they are working on a study on children’s intelligence and looking for some children to test. They’re offering families a gift certificate to a pizza restaurant and promise it will be fun—and informative. You figure that it might be interesting to see how {model.babyName} lines up, so you said yes.

model.MC3_start1 == "false" && model.MC3_start2 == "false" && model.MC3_start3 == "false" && model.MC3_start4 == "false" && model.MC3_start5 == "false"

Explain

Regular testing is a fact of life for many children in elementary school. But some students may also be given individualized testing, usually because they're having difficulty at school or because they’ve been identified as potentially gifted.

Intelligence tests evaluate memory, the ability to solve problems verbally and non-verbally, and the speed of taking in and repeating back information. This information is pulled together into a global score of intellectual ability, or the IQ score. IQ scores fall into a bell shaped curve; half the population falls in the average range, with one quarter below the average and the other quarter above.

Intelligence tests can reveal a child’s intellectual strengths and weaknesses. Children who score high on such tests may be bored by the average curriculum, and their school work may suffer. More often, intelligence tests identify areas of concern, such as intellectual or learning disabilities. A learning disability is suspected when a student's intelligence test results exceed their achievement test results. While testing has an important role to play in keeping children supported and challenged, it’s equally important to remember that there is more to success than a number.

Between five and ten percent of children in school are considered to have specific learning disabilities: about 2/3 of them are boys. Children with specific learning disabilities tend to have some significant challenges as they grow. About half end up with some disciplinary problems in school, and one-third are held back a grade. Almost one in five end up dropping out of school before they graduate. And, most disturbingly, almost half of kids with specific learning disabilities end up having criminal problems in young adulthood. Not doing well in school can be a challenge for children as they grow up—making the need for early and effective intervention particularly important.

Other children receive evaluations at school because of suspected emotional or behavioral problems. Common emotional and behavioral problems include anxiety disorders, depression and disorders like oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder. Children with ODD and CD need special attention. While most of them will “grow out” of their challenges, many will end up in adulthood with long term problems with anger, empathy and social relationships. And having ODD means they have an increased risk of ending up in the criminal justice system as a child or an adult.

Children with disabilities are offered special services in U.S. Schools and are legally entitled to an Individualized Educational Program (or an IEP). These children with learning challenges—from dyslexia to ADHD—may have particular challenges as school work becomes more difficult. Children battling difficulties with emotional regulation that make it difficult for them to focus may also have troubles in school. And children from poor and/or stressed families may not have the resources at home, or at school, to succeed.

How Many Kids Have an IEP?
How Many Children Ages 6-11 Have Learning or Emotional Challenges?

How Many Children Ages 6-11 Are Disabled?

View Intelligence Test Score Report

MC3a

Intelligence Test Score Report to Parents

MC3a
true
mc3a
{model.r2==0} setModel("MC3_psychologistName", "Dr. Hill")
{model.r2==1} setModel("MC3_psychologistName", "Dr. Johnson")
{true} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", 90)
{model.babyVerbalSkills == 1.5} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", 95)
{model.babyVerbalSkills == 2.0} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", 100)
{model.babyVerbalSkills == 2.5} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", 105)
{model.babyVerbalSkills == 3} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", 110)
{model.prenatal_care_quality == "good"} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num + 1)
{model.enrichment > 0} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num + 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num + 2)
{model.breastfeed == "true"} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num + 1)
{model.stress > 3.00} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.prenatal_care_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.low_birth_weight == "true"} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.attachment < 0} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num - 1)
{true} setModel("r2", Math.floor(Math.random()*2))
{true} setModel("IQ_rand", model.r2 + 1)
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num + model.IQ_rand)
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num - model.IQ_rand)
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num < 85} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num", 85)
{true} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", 90)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 1.5} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", 95)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 2} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", 100)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 2.5} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", 105)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 3} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", 110)
{true} setModel("MC3_random", model.r11 - 5)
{true} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num + model.MC3_random)
{model.stress > 3 || model.prenatal_care_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", 0.95 * model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num)
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num < 85} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num", 85)
{true} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", 90)
{model.babySpatialSkills == 1.5} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", 95)
{model.babySpatialSkills == 2} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", 100)
{model.babySpatialSkills == 2.5} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", 105)
{model.babySpatialSkills == 3} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", 110)
{model.prenatal_care_quality == "good"} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num + 1)
{model.enrichment > 0} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num + 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num + 2)
{model.breastfeed == "true"} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num + 1)
{model.stress > 3.01} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.prenatal_care_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.low_birth_weight == "true"} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num - 1)
{model.attachment < 0} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num - 1)
{true} setModel("r2", Math.floor(Math.random()*2))
{true} setModel("IQ_rand", model.r2 + 1)
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num + model.IQ_rand)
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num - model.IQ_rand)
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num < 85} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", 85)
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num > 115} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_num", 115)
{true} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", 90)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 1.5} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", 95)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 2} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", 100)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 2.5} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", 105)
{model.babyOverallSmarts == 3} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", 110)
{true} setModel("r11", Math.floor(Math.random()*11))
{true} setModel("MC3_random", model.r11 - 5)
{true} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num + model.MC3_random)
{model.stress > 3.00 || model.prenatal_care_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num*0.95)
{true} setModel("r2", Math.floor(Math.random()*2))
{true} setModel("IQ_rand", model.r2 + 1)
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num + model.IQ_rand)
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num - model.IQ_rand)
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num < 85} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", 85)
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num > 115} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num", 115)
{true} setModel("MC3_tmp_IQ_total", model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num + model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num + model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num + model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num)
{true} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_num", model.MC3_tmp_IQ_total * .25)
{true} setModel("r2", Math.floor(Math.random()*2))
{true} setModel("IQ_rand", model.r2 + 1)
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_num", model.MC3_general_IQ_num + model.IQ_rand)
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_num", model.MC3_general_IQ_num - model.IQ_rand)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_num < 85} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_num", 85)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_num > 115} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_num", 115)
{true} setModel("rounded", round_to_nearest_whole_number())
{true} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_num_rounded", model.rounded.rounded_general_IQ)
{true} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num_rounded", model.rounded.rounded_memory_IQ)
{true} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num_rounded", model.rounded.rounded_verbal_IQ)
{true} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_rounded", model.rounded.rounded_spatial_IQ)
{true} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_rounded", model.rounded.rounded_speed_of_processing_IQ)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_num_rounded < 85} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_num_rounded", 85)
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num_rounded < 85} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_num_rounded", 85)
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num_rounded < 85} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_num_rounded", 85)
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_rounded < 85} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_rounded", 85)
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_rounded < 85} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_rounded", 85)
{true} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_range", "average")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_num_rounded < 90} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_range", "below average")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_num_rounded > 110} setModel("MC3_general_IQ_range", "above average")
{true} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_range", "average")
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_rounded < 90} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_range", "below average")
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_rounded > 110} setModel("MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_range", "above average")
{true} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_range", "average")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_rounded < 90} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_range", "below average")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_rounded > 110} setModel("MC3_spatial_intelligence_range", "above average")
{true} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_range", "average")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num_rounded < 90} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_range", "below average")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num_rounded > 110} setModel("MC3_memory_intelligence_range", "above average")
{true} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_range", "average")
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num_rounded < 90} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_range", "below average")
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num_rounded > 110} setModel("MC3_verbal_intelligence_range", "above average")

Intelligence Test Score Report to Parents

{model.nEC9_neighborhood_school}

Examinee: {model.babyName}

Age: {model.childData.age.years} years old

School Psychologist: {model.MC3_psychologistName}

{model.babyName} was given an intelligence test as part of {model.baby_his_her} participation in a psychological experiment {model.MC3_psychologistName} was conducting in conjunction with Worth University.

[Normal Distribution of Intelligence Test Scores]

Table : Intelligence Test Score Report
Test Score Range
{model.babyName}'s General IQ Test Result: {model.MC3_general_IQ_num_rounded} {model.MC3_general_IQ_range}
Subtest result for Verbal Intelligence Score: {model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num_rounded} {model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_range}
Subtest result for Memory Score: {model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num_rounded} {model.MC3_memory_intelligence_range}
Subtest result for Spatial Intelligence Score: {model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_rounded} {model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_range}
Subtest result for Speed of Processing Score: {model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_rounded} {model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_range}
{true} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", "")
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num > 110} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", "verbal intelligence")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths == ""} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", "memory intelligence")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "" && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "memory intelligence" && model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num < 110.1 && model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num < 110.1} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", model.MC3_list_of_strengths + " and memory intelligence")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "" && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "memory intelligence" && (model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num > 110 || model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num > 110)} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", model.MC3_list_of_strengths + ", memory intelligence")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths == ""} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", "spatial intelligence")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "" && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "spatial intelligence" && model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num < 110.1} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", model.MC3_list_of_strengths + " and spatial intelligence")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "" && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != "spatial intelligence" && (model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num > 110)} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", model.MC3_list_of_strengths + ", spatial intelligence")
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths != ""} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", model.MC3_list_of_strengths + " and speed of processing intelligence")
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num > 110 && model.MC3_list_of_strengths == ""} setModel("MC3_list_of_strengths", "speed of processing intelligence")
{true} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", "")
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_num < 90.01} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", "verbal intelligence")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses == ""} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", "memory intelligence")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "" && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "memory intelligence" && model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num > 90 && model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num > 90} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses + ", and memory intelligence")
{model.MC3_memory_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "" && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "memory intelligence" && (model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num < 90.01 || model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num < 90.01)} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses + ", memory intelligence")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses == ""} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", "spatial intelligence")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "" && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "spatial intelligence" && model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num > 90} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses + ", and spatial intelligence")
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "" && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "spatial intelligence" && (model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num < 90.01)} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses + ", spatial intelligence")
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses == ""} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", "speed of processing intelligence")
{model.MC3_speed_of_processing_intelligence_num < 90.01 && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "" && model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != "speed of processing intelligence"} setModel("MC3_list_of_weaknesses", model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses + ", and speed of processing intelligence")

As you see, {model.babyName}’s performance was solidly in the {model.MC3_general_IQ_range} range.

You see that {model.baby_he_she} may have special strengths in {model.MC3_list_of_strengths}.

model.MC3_list_of_strengths != ""

And {model.baby_he_she} may have challenges in {model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses}.

model.MC3_list_of_weaknesses != ""

Typically, when a psychologist tests a child with an intelligence test or an aptitude test, they will also give the child an achievement test. The intelligence, or aptitude, test is supposed to measure a child’s innate abilities, while the achievement test measures what they’ve learned in school. Children with specific learning disabilities will show significant differences between their aptitude and achievement test scores. For example, a child who scores in the above average range in verbal intelligence on an intelligence test but scores in the below average range in a reading test may have a specific learning disability related to reading.

Remember that performance on intelligence tests can change over time—particularly in children. The brain is plastic and can change. Enrichment and practice can change how a child does on a test. For example, a child who starts attending an intensive academically-strenuous high school may see an improvement in their intelligence test scores as well as their achievement test scores. Also remember that the brain can be affected in bad ways, too—an accident or a concussion could alter the brain negatively. So remind your child to wear a helmet when riding a bike.

true
{true} setModel("MC3_Ans1", "")
{true} setModel("MC3_FB1", "")
{model.MC3_IEP == true} setModel("MC3_Ans1", "I’ll attend " + model.baby_his_her + " I.E.P. meeting and advocate for extra attention for " + model.babyName + " in the resource room at school.")
{model.MC3_IEP == true} setModel("MC3_FB1", "Being involved in your child’s education will be especially important if your child is diagnosed with a specific learning disability, ADHD or an emotional problem. You’ll need to advocate for " + model.baby_him_her + " and learn all you can about how to help. Look in the Learn More for some resources.")
{true} setModel("MC3_Ans2", "I’ll trust the school to take care of " + model.babyName + "'s needs and update me as they can.")
{true} setModel("MC3_FB2", "While teachers, special education experts and administrators all want what is best for your child, it is usually recommended that you attend as many of the meetings and be as involved as you can in your child’s academic success. Remember that having a specific learning disability, ADHD or an emotional challenge can make it difficult for your child to be a success at school. Even if your child doesn’t have any specific challenges, your involvement could help make a difference.")
{true} setModel("MC3_Ans3", "I’m going to hire a tutor or learning specialist to work with my child one-on-one.")
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC3_FB3", "This is not always an option for families, like yours, who are struggling financially. While in larger communities, there are sometimes volunteer or scholarship tutoring options—you will need to work hard to find them. This can be a good option, however, for your child—but remember that being involved directly with the school can also be helpful.")
{model.SEClass != "L"} setModel("MC3_FB3", "While tutoring isn’t an option for all families, for families with some means, like yours, it is something you may be able to afford. You can see a picture of your child’s tutor in the Memory Book. And while tutoring can help your child with specific areas " + model.baby_he_she + " is struggling with or help with enrichment, remember that being involved directly with the school can also be helpful.")
{true} setModel("MC3_Ans4", "I’m going to send my child to a psychologist, counselor or therapist for some extra help.")
{true} setModel("MC3_FB4", "")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.MC3_ODD == "true" || model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC3_FB4", "For children who are diagnosed with ADHD—medication and psychotherapy can be extremely effective. Typically medication isn’t as effective for many emotional problems. Many experts advise family therapy and parent coaching for children with emotional problems—and it can be extremely effective.")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "false" && model.MC3_ODD == "false" && model.ADHD == "false" && (model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") } setModel("MC3_FB4", "For children who have emotional difficulties or challenges like ADHD, therapy and even medication can be extremely effective. For kids with learning difficulties, some work with a therapist may help them if they are having difficulties adjusting to their challenges.")
{model.MC3_learning_or_emotional_disorders == "false" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false"} setModel("MC3_FB4", "For kids who are generally doing well, therapists are generally not required, but probably can’t hurt. If you feel that it would be helpful to have an ear to listen and to get a bit of extra feedback, then this could be a great idea.")
{true} setModel("MC3_Ans5", "I’m going to try and do extra enrichment at home.")
{true} setModel("MC3_FB5", "What happens at home can be an important factor in how successful a child is in school. And reading aloud, fun family math games and one-one-one talk can help many children in school—and help create a nice connection between parents and children. For kids with serious difficulties, however, at home enrichment may not be enough on its own to make the difference. You may want to work with a specialist in addition to doing lots of enrichment at home.")

Question 1.6

Rav8yI85rWSKmLkT8DLtm34eETiCJe10pJcs0NV6MuXRdBsOchFAQ2eAdDQTvAJS3QcmffAm4pG/yp/eWb1EscProogA9c4DQM3E1HBZPejJ63DwYXwwvMizMz57DyTFFr+zriBpjiBwuhtuOAuT+qpYq479DtIsFYCHWrAbpodHfXZtZof/udEPBYpcj6ovnmerpNnK4TlHBHLECvCPhRFeyOI5a1LC9JMUdM+FNPbPFprSstlwqOqPTnrI5D6r/FQBlaxAKuVUyqDYo8pxc/6i61yj3jxJUCtZpU3ybOOqRB5H2V1rQu+NaXnOlObZXXLI6D3Suv39mm4x1OWyud2Y4KgBljp4GXU9zFF1NBoLpzEeR2cZ3B9N57uPDWdh5rAWsWg0/O9F4CDMP6S4sY+qvAS9csQBGcmRyPRaRDRxvfwln2h3UrU5Alw=
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC3_action", "trust school")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC3_action", "hire tutor")
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC3_action", "get counselor")
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC3_action", "extra enrichment")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q2", "no IEP: What do you want to do next?")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q2_resp", model.MC3_action)
model.MC3_IEP == "false"

Question 1.7

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
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC3_action", "attend IEP mtg")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC3_action", "trust school")
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC3_action", "hire tutor")
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC3_action", "get counselor")
{qqMC1 == 4} setModel("MC3_action", "extra enrichment")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q3", "IEP: What do you want to do next?")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q3_resp", model.MC3_action)
model.MC3_IEP == "true"

Question 1.8

kmZFT2ypx91AXRKSfl5+4vsKUc/O3MWvlAfHx+dzVykb61Tf0dFEZABqhFMhYMCnOpYFWu7FtEfmVa12P8Iu3uvZaPOs6gyKjRzSitYtYSuTkJpXW0BdW+HS5uiPPz7nMxNjFJ6y9LM+JTvMwbIOcqpJgW++gB6F+pSmMYj+QLvAmM8/SabWCmDfr5Pt0tW09BvD2jNr6B3BwEccH223A84SJgmV60zf64gXuGGMXrc9c0E5soStCxIk5C2q99mvpf+C2izAb2grgTlTMm6Ntj+ayj9cSWTTqhX3pJkPkmMNreKDLVHuEWCCAUh9Kg/rvXLQEu3gpBIpmQEMHjWkqkxsmztARzf1Tm1+0D8juSs37Pu76PBmiw==
{qqMC1 == 0 || qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC3_get_help", "true")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q4", "has IEP, no ADHD or emotional issues: What do you want to do next?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q4_resp", model.MC3_Ans1)
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q4_resp", model.MC3_Ans2)
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q4_resp", model.MC3_Ans3)
model.MC3_IEP == "true" && model.ADHD == "false" && model.EC12_externalizing == "false" && model.EC12_internalizing == "false"

Question 1.9

Cvhhai+I46kGIZ9Ileq+S+/W2DUbnuJmTUgYgGvh3PfB1kB8x9uvQplIzsBQy/of3K8o58RsisxzwX5+O7+fOMesd6cjZ/UUcXK+S7ndJ2PDpB7JhCyimm4mYvIo3+VJMWIdLFCQPiwZv3dvdntnlIE3gZBVw+Ugf+c3DaTtHhjiEtaz/HnNgH9OpqkP7bI/S24zg/B1LjaNJB2LQqPQ8lcVQaikeyX5LF9z3VVgBD+LD3tzQJmVuHaw4S/lJE5RuhAlDxlpUzzyYg0aaU1WqVtM+82IlVc33ziLwK0bkA1ftLBR7jWlZnof2l37GCfnX17/QNTiYGFv6qqFvL3+LSXFpyxsJWrRJZY44e326IptENbTivPqQOGEgU7RUKqtxjh4kM9R4zl9N2kE/TNJmOiBncqvukWsUH6bhQtGtQ7iku7twmUUyb1J0Xc=
{qqMC1 == 0 || qqMC1 == 2 || qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC3_get_help", "true")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q5", "has IEP, has ADHD: What do you want to do next?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q5_resp", model.MC3_Ans1)
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q5_resp", model.MC3_Ans2)
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q5_resp", model.MC3_Ans3)
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q5_resp", model.MC3_Ans4)
model.MC3_IEP == "true" && (model.ADHD == "true" || model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.EC12_internalizing == "true")

Question 1.10

P0zpH5qF5vm1eljkQtuyzsV9WGVdiehmNeg8GnVH5wbwagkFfaFk7EpplhnoosCokHAtrM6eCkM6XDNYw1gf1cVgVJpFxpMtCWqz/O5R/x8AjxwxOTVejmQDF2j9jdrLqA4X88PkVAT68yesbHWLe5HH9GNi6hXUWn/XEJKbdpBgdLWXZWm2GNBf5KXlW+FXvYVPcQe2YzaEjgsJ7RnFI7Xp6bwNF1jrBOPrsVoiuVDk9qdiVfNjpcP6GHswZSkOhpes1Y9FmIuhMMFmqsy1IDihTLdQq2iUud1/ohFuKc8=
{qqMC1 == 0 || qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC3_get_help", "true")
model.MC3_IEP == "false" && (model.ADHD == "true" || model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.EC12_internalizing == "true")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q6", "no IEP, has ADHD: What do you want to do next?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q6_resp", model.MC3_Ans3)
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q6_resp", model.MC3_Ans4)

Look Inside

Children's memory and problem solving improves dramatically after 6 or 7 years of age, in part because increased myelination of neurons in the frontal cortex yields faster information processing. Faster processing means that more information can be held in working memory. This greater capacity in working memory makes it possible to mentally represent and transform more complex problems.

Children are better able to make mental plans and follow directions in middle childhood. Underlying this capacity is the increased synchronization of the electrical activity of the frontal cortex and other parts of the brain, also known as EEG coherence.

After 6 or 7 years of age, the speech and behavior of a child seems more focused and self-controlled. Brain changes around this time reflect these behavioral observations. After age 7, the percentage of theta brain wave activity—characteristic of rest and daydreaming—decreases, while the percentage of alpha wave activity—characteristic of focused attention of problem solving—increases.

Review what we understand about intelligence and intelligence testing in middle childhood in this video.

Continue

MC4

Is This School Right for Your Little One?

MC4
true
mc4
{true} player.setChildAge( "8y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 8)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 8)
{true} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally", 0)
{model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally", model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally + 1)
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally", model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally + 1)
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally", model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally + 1)
{true} setModel("EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally", 0)
{model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "Achieved"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally", model.EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally + 1)
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Achieved"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally", model.EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally + 1)
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Achieved"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally", model.EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally + 1)
{true} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_list", "")
{model.EC12_language_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_list", "language")
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list == ""} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_list", "reading")
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list != "" && model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve != "Gifted"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_list", model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list + " and reading")
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list != "" && model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_list", model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list + ", reading")
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list == ""} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_list", "math")
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list != ""} setModel("EC12_cogdev_gifted_list", model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list + " and math")
{true} setModel("EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list", "")
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list", "reading")
{model.EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list != "" && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At Risk")} setModel("EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list", model.EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list + "and math")
{model.EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list == "" && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At Risk")} setModel("EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list", model.EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list + "math")
{true} setModel("MC4_start1", "false")
{true} setModel("MC4_start2", "false")
{true} setModel("MC4_start3", "false")
{true} setModel("MC4_start4", "false")
{true} setModel("MC4_start5", "false")
{(model.stress > 4 || model.SEClass == "L") && (model.EC12_internalizing == "true" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true")} setModel("MC4_start", "Second grade has started and " + model.babyName + " doesn’t seem happy about going to school. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " has already asked to stay home from school twice. You weren’t super surprised because you know that " + model.baby_he_she +"’s been a little low. But you’d hoped for something better.")
{(model.stress > 4 || model.SEClass == "L") && (model.EC12_internalizing == "true" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true")} setModel("MC4_start1", "true")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC4_start", "Second grade has started and things aren’t going well with " + model.babyName + ". You’ve already had to go in to meet with " + model.baby_his_her + " teacher, " + model.teacherName_gr2 + ", twice. You aren’t extremely surprised because first grade wasn’t the easiest. But you’d hoped for something better.")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC4_start2", "true")
{(model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally == 2 || model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally == 3 || model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "above average") && model.model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list != ""} setModel("MC4_start", "Second grade has started and " + model.babyName + " is complaining that school is too easy. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " seems ahead of " + model.baby_his_her + " peers in " + model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list +". You knew " + model.baby_he_she + " was doing extremely well at the end of first grade. But you had thought school work would be a bit more of a challenge this year. ")
{(model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally == 2 || model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally == 3 || model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "above average") && model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_list != ""} setModel("MC4_start3", "true")
{model.MC4_start1 == "false" && model.MC4_start2 == "false" && model.MC4_start3 == "false" && model.SEClass != "H"} setModel("MC4_start", "Second grade has started and " + model.babyName + " seems very happy. But one of your friends just started their child at a new charter school and you wonder whether you should look at other school options, just to make sure you are making the best choice for your child.")
{model.MC4_start1 == "false" && model.MC4_start2 == "false" && model.MC4_start3 == "false" && model.SEClass != "H"} setModel("MC4_start4", "true")
{model.MC4_start1 == "false" && model.MC4_start2 == "false" && model.MC4_start3 == "false" && model.SEClass == "H"} setModel("MC4_start", "Second grade has started and " + model.babyName + " seems very happy. But one of your friends just started their child at a private school and you wonder whether you should look at other school options, just to make sure you are making the best choice for your child.")
{model.MC4_start1 == "false" && model.MC4_start2 == "false" && model.MC4_start3 == "false" && model.SEClass != "H"} setModel("MC4_start5", "true")
{true} setModel("MC4_QA", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QB", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QC", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QD", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QE", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QF", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QG", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QH", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QC_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QD_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QE_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QF_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QG_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_QH_schoolname", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", 0)
{true} setModel("Marshall_Elementary", "")
{true} setModel("MC4_Marshall_option", "false")
{true} setModel("r6to8", model.r3 + 6)
{model.r100 < 21 && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("Marshall_Elementary", model.Marshall_Elementary + "Your child’s school has been classified as failing for " + model.r6to8 + " years under the NCLB law.")
{model.r100 < 21 && model.r2 == 0 && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("Marshall_Elementary", model.Marshall_Elementary + " You do qualify to transfer your child to another school according to your local school department. So now you can transfer to Washington Elementary School, a school in another neighborhood that has a better ranking.")
{model.r100 < 21 && model.r2 == 0 && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC4_Marshall_option", "true")
{model.r100 < 21 && model.r2 == 1 && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("Marshall_Elementary", model.Marshall_Elementary + " While your child’s school has been classified as failing for a long time, under the waiver in your state, you can’t transfer your child to another school.")
{model.r100 < 21 && model.r2 == 1 && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC4_Marshall_option", "false")
{model.r100 > 20} setModel("Marshall_Elementary", model.Marshall_Elementary + " Since your child’s school isn’t failing, and according to your district’s policies, you can’t transfer " + model.baby_him_her + " to another district’s schools at this time.")
{model.r100 > 20} setModel("MC4_Marshall_option", "false")
{model.MC4_Marshall_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_QA", "Transfer your child to Marshall Elementary School? ")
{model.MC4_Marshall_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Marshall Elementary School")
{model.MC4_Marshall_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)
{true} setModel("MC4_SusanBAnthony_option", "false")
{true} setModel("Susan_B_Anthony", " In some large school districts, there are special schools set aside for children who qualify as gifted and talented.")
{model.r100 < 21} setModel("Susan_B_Anthony", model.Susan_B_Anthony + " You are lucky enough that there is a gifted and talented school in your district.")
{model.r100 < 21 && model.MC3_gifted == "true"} setModel("Susan_B_Anthony", model.Susan_B_Anthony + " Since " + model.babyName + " qualifies as gifted, you can enroll " + model.baby_him_her + " there!")
{model.r100 < 21 && model.MC3_gifted == "true"} setModel("MC4_SusanBAnthony_option", "true")
{model.r100 < 21 && model.MC3_gifted == "false"} setModel("Susan_B_Anthony", model.Susan_B_Anthony + " Unfortunately though " + model.babyName + " didn’t qualify as gifted, so this isn’t an option for you.")
{model.r100 > 20} setModel("Susan_B_Anthony", model.Susan_B_Anthony + " But there isn’t a dedicated gifted and talented school in your district, so this won’t be an option for you.")
{true} setModel("Susan_B_Anthony_FB", "You are one of the few parents who have a gifted child and a gifted and talented school in your district. Parents tend to appreciate the special peer group a gifted and talented school grants their child—and the extra enrichment opportunities, which could range from special science labs to art studios, and teachers who are able to give curious kids the extra depth they may need to feed their curiosity.")
{model.MC4_SusanBAnthony_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Susan B. Anthony Elementary School for the Gifted and Talented")
{model.MC4_SusanBAnthony_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA", "Transfer your child into the local gifted and talented school.")
{model.MC4_SusanBAnthony_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Susan B. Anthony Elementary School for the Gifted and Talented"} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "Susan B. Anthony Elementary School for the Gifted and Talented")
{model.MC4_SusanBAnthony_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Susan B. Anthony Elementary School for the Gifted and Talented"} setModel("MC4_QB", "Transfer your child into the local gifted and talented school.")
{model.MC4_SusanBAnthony_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)
{true} setModel("MC4_Peace_option", "false")
{true} setModel("Our_Lady", " Catholic schools are one of the most popular types of private education in the United States. While most research seems to indicate that on the whole, children who end up in Catholic schools tend to have higher high school graduation rates and higher standardized test scores than their peers at public schools, this is not always the case for every Catholic school or every child. And a substantial part of the higher test scores for children in Catholic and some private schools may stem from the higher parental expectations for these children. If parents are paying extra for tuition, they are probably going to have very explicit and rigorous expectations for their children. Some local public schools are excellent and some Catholic schools may not be the best fit for every child. In addition, many private schools are not able to accommodate students with special needs or learning disabilities—although school districts may be able to provide special services, like speech therapy, separately to students in private school. However, unless a local municipality has a voucher program which enables parents to use state money to pay for private schools, private schools can be expensive. Some, including some parish-run Catholic schools, tend to be affordable. Others can be extremely expensive—even costing up to $40,000 a year just for tuition (not including transportation, books or other costs). Your local Catholic school has a spot available for " + model.babyName + ".")
{model.SEClass == "L" || (model.SEClass == "M" && (model.userSingleFemale == "true" || model.userSingleMale == "true"))} setModel("Our_Lady", model.Our_Lady + " Your budget doesn’t have enough wiggle room for you to pay for Our Lady of Peace at this time, even if you did decide it was the best fit for " + model.babyName + ".")
{model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 1 && model.userSingleFemale != "true" && model.userSingleMale != "true"} setModel("Our_Lady", model.Our_Lady + " If you both work, you will be able to afford Our Lady Of Peace.")
{(model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2) || model.SEClass == "U"} setModel("Our_Lady", model.Our_Lady + " It looks like you’ll be able to squeeze the tuition for Our Lady of Peace into your budget.")
{(model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2) || model.SEClass == "U"} setModel("MC4_Peace_option", "true")
{model.MC4_Peace_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Our Lady Queen of Peace School")
{model.MC4_Peace_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA", " Transfer your child into Our Lady of Peace.")
{model.MC4_Peace_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Our Lady Queen of Peace School"} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "Our Lady Queen of Peace School")
{model.MC4_Peace_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Our Lady Queen of Peace School"} setModel("MC4_QB", " Transfer your child into Our Lady of Peace.")
{model.MC4_Peace_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Our Lady Queen of Peace School"} setModel("MC4_QC_schoolname", "Our Lady Queen of Peace School")
{model.MC4_Peace_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Our Lady Queen of Peace School"} setModel("MC4_QC", " Transfer your child into Our Lady of Peace.")
{model.MC4_Peace_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)
{true} setModel("MC4_Hillside_option", "false")
{true} setModel("Hillside_Christian", "Christian schools are one of the most popular types of private education in the United States. Private schools are sometimes a better fit for some children and in some studies, the test scores and graduation rates for children who attend Christian schools are higher than those who go to traditional public schools. Remember, unless a local municipality has a voucher program which enables parents to use state money to pay for private schools, private schools can be expensive. Some can be affordable—including Hillside, which is on the lower end of the private school range. Hillside Christian has a spot available for " + model.babyName + ".")
{model.SEClass == "L" || (model.SEClass == "M" && (model.userSingleFemale == "true" || model.userSingleMale == "true"))} setModel("Hillside_Christian", model.Hillside_Christian + " Your budget doesn’t have enough wiggle room for you to pay for Hillside at this time, even if you did decide it was the best fit for " + model.babyName + ".")
{model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 1 && model.userSingleFemale != "true" && model.userSingleMale != "true"} setModel("Hillside_Christian", model.Hillside_Christian + " If you both work, you will be able to afford Hillside.")
{(model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2) || model.SEClass == "U"} setModel("Hillside_Christian", model.Hillside_Christian + " It looks like you’ll be able to squeeze the tuition for Hillside into your budget.")
{(model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2) || model.SEClass == "U"} setModel("MC4_Hillside_option", "true")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Hillside Christian School")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA", "Transfer your child into Hillside Christian.")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Hillside Christian School"} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "Hillside Christian School")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Hillside Christian School"} setModel("MC4_QB", "Transfer your child into Hillside Christian.")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Hillside Christian School"} setModel("MC4_QC_schoolname", "Hillside Christian School")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Hillside Christian School"} setModel("MC4_QC", "Transfer your child into Hillside Christian.")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Hillside Christian School"} setModel("MC4_QD_schoolname", "Hillside Christian School")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Hillside Christian School"} setModel("MC4_QD", "Transfer your child into Hillside Christian.")
{model.MC4_Hillside_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)
{true} setModel("MC4_Valleyview_option", "false")
{true} setModel("Valleyview_Day", " Valleyview Day School is a private, non-religious private school. It has small class sizes, a beautiful playground and all the teachers have advanced degrees. It comes with one catch, however—a sizeable tuition. They have scholarships available for a few students, though.")
{model.SEClass == "L" || (model.SEClass == "M" && (model.userSingleFemale == "true" || model.userSingleMale == "true"))} setModel("Valleyview_Day", model.Valleyview_Day + " Your budget doesn’t have enough wiggle room for you to pay for Valleyview at this time, even if you did decide it was the best fit for " + model.babyName + ".")
{model.SEClass == "L" || (model.SEClass == "M" && model.r100 < 21)} setModel("Valleyview_Day", model.Valleyview_Day + " But " + model.baby_he_she + " does qualify for a scholarship program that will make it almost free for you.")
{model.SEClass == "L" || (model.SEClass == "M" && model.r100 < 21)} setModel("MC4_Valleyview_option", "true")
{model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 1 && model.userSingleFemale != "true" && model.userSingleMale != "true"} setModel("Valleyview_Day", model.Valleyview_Day + " If you both work, you will be able to afford Valleyview.")
{(model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2) || model.SEClass == "U"} setModel("Valleyview_Day", model.Valleyview_Day + " It looks like you’ll be able to squeeze the tuition for Valleyview into your budget.")
{(model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2) || model.SEClass == "U"} setModel("MC4_Valleyview_option", "true")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Valleyview Day School")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA", "Transfer your child into Valleyview Day School.")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "Valleyview Day School")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QB", "Transfer your child into Valleyview Day School.")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QC_schoolname", "Valleyview Day School")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QC", "Transfer your child into Valleyview Day School.")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QD_schoolname", "Valleyview Day School")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QD", "Transfer your child into Valleyview Day School.")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QE_schoolname", "Valleyview Day School")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Valleyview Day School"} setModel("MC4_QE", "Transfer your child into Valleyview Day School.")
{model.MC4_Valleyview_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)
{true} setModel("MC4_Kidslead_option", "false")
{true} setModel("Kids_Lead", " Some states and school districts have charter schools, which are public schools (so, free to students who enroll), but are independent from the traditional public school structure. As with private schools, the research on charter schools is mixed—some seem to be better for children than traditional public or private schools while others are not.")
{model.r100 < 31} setModel("Kids_Lead", model.Kids_Lead + " Your district does have a charter school with a slot open for " + model.babyName + " and you’ve heard great things about the innovative teaching and motivated kids at Kids’ Lead Public Charter School.")
{model.r100 < 31} setModel("MC4_Kidslead_option", "true")
{model.r100 > 30} setModel("Kids_Lead", model.Kids_Lead + " Unfortunately, you are not in the district where Kids’ Lead Public Charter School is located.")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA", "Transfer your child into Kids’ Lead School.")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QB", "Transfer your child into Kids’ Lead School.")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QC_schoolname", "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QC", "Transfer your child into Kids’ Lead School.")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QD_schoolname", "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QD", "Transfer your child into Kids’ Lead School.")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QE_schoolname", "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QE", "Transfer your child into Kids’ Lead School.")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF == "" && MC4_QE_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QF_schoolname", "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF == "" && MC4_QE_schoolname != "Kids’ Lead Public Charter School"} setModel("MC4_QF", "Transfer your child into Kids’ Lead School.")
{model.MC4_Kidslead_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)
{true} setModel("MC4_Homeschool_option", "false")
{true} setModel("Homeschooling", "More and more parents are choosing to forgo traditional schooling altogether and teach their children at home. In most districts, students still need to submit a learning plan to their local school district in order to be exempt from traditional schooling. Many homeschooled students still take advantage of parts of traditional schools, like joining sports teams or learning a foreign language with their public school peers. ")
{model.SEClass == "L" || (model.SEClass == "M" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2) || (model.userSingleFemale == "true" || model.userSingleMale == "true")} setModel("Homeschooling", model.Homeschooling + " Unfortunately, homeschooling is a major time commitment for the parents and usually requires that at least one parent stays home during the day to coordinate the child’s learning. Because of work, homeschooling isn’t an option for you right now.")
{(model.SEClass == "M" || model.SEClass == "U") && model.num_of_parents_working == 1 && model.userSingleFemale != "true" && model.userSingleMale != "true"} setModel("Homeschooling", model.Homeschooling + " Homeschooling is a major time commitment for parents and usually requires that one parent stays home during the day to coordinate the child’s learning. Since one parent isn't working right now, homeschooling might work for you. But it is a lot of extra time and planning. Are you game?")
{(model.SEClass == "M" || model.SEClass == "U") && model.num_of_parents_working == 1 && model.userSingleFemale != "true" && model.userSingleMale != "true"} setModel("MC4_Homeschool_option", "true")
{model.SEClass == "U" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2} setModel("Homeschooling", model.Homeschooling + " Homeschooling is a major time commitment for parents and usually requires that one parent stays home during the day to coordinate the child’s learning. Are you or your partner willing to stop working to start homeschooling? Are you game?")
{model.SEClass == "U" && model.num_of_parents_working == 2} setModel("MC4_Homeschool_option", "true")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Homeschooling")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA", "Try homeschooling.")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "Homeschooling")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QB", "Try homeschooling.")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QC_schoolname", "Homeschooling")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QC", "Try homeschooling.")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QD_schoolname", "Homeschooling")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QD", "Try homeschooling.")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QE_schoolname", "Homeschooling")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QE", "Try homeschooling.")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF == "" && model.MC4_QE_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QF_schoolname", "Homeschooling")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF == "" && model.MC4_QE_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QF", "Try homeschooling.")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF != "" && model.MC4_QG == "" && model.MC4_QF_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QG_schoolname", "Homeschooling")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF != "" && model.MC4_QG == "" && model.MC4_QF_schoolname != "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC4_QG", "Try homeschooling.")
{model.MC4_Homeschool_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)
{true} setModel("MC4_Eisenhower_option", "false")
{true} setModel("Eisenhower_Elementary", " Are you willing to get the moving truck ready? One option in choosing a school is to move to a new neighborhood. More than a quarter of parents report that they’ve moved to get their kids into a different school district. You’ve heard great things about Eisenhower Elementary. It is safe, the class sizes aren’t usually more than 22 and they’ve just started an organic garden for the kids’ lunch program. However, the housing around Eisenhower is a bit pricey. ")
{model.SEClass == "L" && model.r100 < 51} setModel("Eisenhower_Elementary", model.Eisenhower_Elementary + "You have been looking for something affordable, and you don’t seem to be able to find it. ")
{model.SEClass == "L" && model.r100 > 50} setModel("Eisenhower_Elementary", model.Eisenhower_Elementary + "You have been looking for something affordable, and even though the new apartment is small, it is clean and you think it might work. Do you take the plunge and move for " + model.babyName + "? ")
{model.SEClass == "L" && model.r100 > 50} setModel("MC4_Eisenhower_option", "true")
{model.SEClass != "L"} setModel("Eisenhower_Elementary", model.Eisenhower_Elementary + "Moving can bring its own stresses, including having to re-start somewhere new. But are you willing to do it? Are you going to take the plunge and pull out the moving boxes for " + model.babyName + "? ")
{model.SEClass != "L"} setModel("MC4_Eisenhower_option", "true")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA == ""} setModel("MC4_QA", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QB_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB == "" && model.MC4_QA_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QB", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QC_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC == "" && model.MC4_QB_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QC", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QD_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD == "" && model.MC4_QC_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QD", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QE_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE == "" && model.MC4_QD_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QE", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF == "" && model.MC4_QE_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QF_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF == "" && model.MC4_QE_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QF", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF != "" && model.MC4_QG == "" && model.MC4_QF_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QG_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF != "" && model.MC4_QG == "" && model.MC4_QF_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QG", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF != "" && model.MC4_QG != "" && model.MC4_QH == "" && model.MC4_QG_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QH_schoolname", "Eisenhower Elementary")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true" && model.MC4_QA != "" && model.MC4_QB != "" && model.MC4_QC != "" && model.MC4_QD != "" && model.MC4_QE != "" && model.MC4_QF != "" && model.MC4_QG != "" && model.MC4_QH == "" && model.MC4_QG_schoolname != "Eisenhower Elementary"} setModel("MC4_QH", "Move to a new school district.")
{model.MC4_Eisenhower_option == "true"} setModel("MC4_ans_cnt", model.MC4_ans_cnt + 1)

Is This School Right for Your Little One?

Learn More

3775555305001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2
10-year-old Asian girl, smiling and writing on paper at a table.
model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"
Close-up of boy writing on paper with pencil.
model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"

{model.MC4_start}

{model.babyName} went to Kindergarten through Second Grade at {model.nEC9_neighborhood_school} because it was the neighborhood school. But now you are curious to see what your other options may be.

With some research, here are the options:

  • Marshall Elementary School. In some areas, students who go to schools identified as needing restructuring or that are deemed unsafe under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law, may be eligible to transfer to another, better school either within the local district or in a neighboring district. However, there are numerous exceptions to this situation—including if your state is one of many that has applied for a waiver to the law. {model.Marshall_Elementary}
  • Susan B. Anthony Elementary School for the Gifted and Talented. {model.Susan_B_Anthony}
  • Our Lady Queen of Peace School. {model.Our_Lady}
  • Hillside Christian School. {model.Hillside_Christian}
  • Valleyview Day School. {model.Valleyview_Day}
  • Kids’ Lead Public Charter School. {model.Kids_Lead}
  • Homeschooling. {model.Homeschooling}
  • Eisenhower Elementary. {model.Eisenhower_Elementary}

Question 1.11

TYTeU8Ex2u7dNgWADWac91vpCmpYXjL5TnXMFYs6dyOGDSLm7WEg4LhqUJwvKxiy2o5e/pkAVilV0Luu5LbD/jibUjQUuY7kPMmhyeCSzMvzjeUGC+0DQKBdTo7/xK/6H0mCCcik9aTeh4Wc8cu1FAeeyYYBCVbkBmIFtEIDAFExYdZm+NUmc1gVIEBbX7hFJDL5sc8/scY=
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 1

Question 1.12

/lBI32ybUZiU8RmHWUVQiaRtruWyfG8Dm/478mqq8d9ucRYwlQVHKBfl095IW8DAMdCv5T56pQ2wqxm9p1+dOKxrEzzcJ2l0MrpddAFqsZkrleSEM3WrlhIfGfcL4lTwBfi3aZpXlW+58IPaVIDt2Kqbn1rcA95ntRJZTa61PpDSuDbf3jL5ZCoMTkWlpV9HKNXum9JaBe/bmxFjd6LbRleji1IThXjyfRK5uIgdAIXTwZFi8DcpgVRCNjeU2hFV
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QB_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 2

Question 1.13

d0Lk1M1ZsMBLSP5o5eezQ/k3xe6drcIsOHb8CfeCdrIRXmify4XvdQ/Q9n4xbVTS6SlIODr+bBK5a3UK1hsqu/JK1wVDnTXZaCGcNCFHsblwFmsLlX302YrF4fPH8m5TJGH2ga1c+7Au2YqDpFlitoYASDv5OmwaArf7Wzj2bcZsiDq6V37buxyuH3rvqzzBEk5cigWYIQ2SVVIAHUY8ypj4FJTvzJZ21Flajx1ee1JpC6Sqzo3Zoc+xlSNOB/vrEOSqF1mRVOyfjM57dOfzOTyatfjHM/X1gvuddiBB7lx5hsvH
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QB_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QC_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 3

Question 1.14

yoOx2QUuyZziAlyqTScEqbFdlU6foud7dn2VvhVQOGG5NMB+hYA+AMdz+1KmX4seId2ovqtZiiSyFPaCJNkdWkquzReGYX6v+JfM15oGC2II7zDI4p4KtyCfeSjGJAMdufBtARN6xfNO/8M8BsRbsY9iNbJ1v+e2vh/fc88NEvJlw0clh5sCGaoL6/BHd0AywLBDU9fCCdeO7fJdlNsABxRzIfCGPe62uEWWvzE9C/JfG7rNB8dDchV4IzcUj+2zJeHf4IUkPl9LplSJhTQ1KY7XH6tvPByTS8yoRlq2No1s05CsJpBbBBqANoZkg53ZQY9vhmA8DyRQ8OwpFn5qbgzwa8WHIjVScFRk+w==
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QB_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QC_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QD_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 4} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 4

Question 1.15

3r1qtE40q4LZCxnaSxnb5adVw7MwzRhgrJ/Zj/cV36ZeZmOXdsDXk+ON4+NZwo+dxEu47N2ge1qJGtwCv9Dmj2IEnkJPUCuU7cb+dxVZ6FF/C46DNayehLNHDbS0zNIfcwYBKDQq/9+E94rk3wuYoQCYN3E0N4I8cEoUrpeQGF62UsApIYtcGA37jmdm5wol/oPnhc52WWPkR+cBqVGSzSJj1u8HS6HlyVbO6PL1oQMi4yE7RLC7XtWiWe/vrzifqP+on8bjCUSl0szTvms/xDzr/akb3pWoESq9FrhJE0k1AZn+QZXM26xPJ1G32r9gzR0KbOd/50zOiU6ztLRMDxdbfYC3hDGTpS//ijUv3n1j70bInIcRLDnYsVYnHFVrKoCdxgfEZk6BN+VKZw4+9g==
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QB_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QC_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QD_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 4} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QE_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 5} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 5

Question 1.16

p8KtdVM276wiSyL24cvkZ/25qOAvgbBkHmqXVXJzJZCYs/bUPJpxM5tvCmMsrbo4jY5YZ4CYqaCfdcG2fxnDBZnHmB2hPAsgP23nK34yM3EYf5dscK8uH1+97VdbEKbpzX1zrJ/d1Tw8s/5lmb4RYpuA2uEk8Rm8qIFzQIe2755NhNk7SNWucNPgPpT9ZEXDiSACFzJwP+uNJTkPSwz6BKazcSoY6oqgbLYDgFoUUKSDgyqsyFMu5qT4HMu1Ib3Wqnro3p32eiVAhx+o2xKTjPlVJawIUpM5GMyGhbllYwi9EaqiL7CQMZ6SNITkjYDo4HQEpeiN6rjOBebjXgE7+YHdqJt2YrnXuD0KGPIMBkSy2fZcd7af2Zaxk9JrP9BrM4R4dtcIMfsyoDFBKTd7QuO0zBnnGgzF+YWxty0vlZtYRKeQuy8yQZWiWPwYF8n8NBw0xQ==
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QB_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QC_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QD_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 4} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QE_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 5} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QF_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 6} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 6

Question 1.17

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
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QB_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QC_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QD_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 4} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QE_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 5} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QF_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 6} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QG_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 7} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 7

Question 1.18

aa6tmz6M+d9UYnMyTFaWpMmQY6FF+FVp43F15J0YS4c7uADSoZ+a5rInVl1sUvfm/Q9y054wrgem0+loY59hmhEB+txJmjAnxn2X6bZK7Go+cZIorgA5HbXfam5PBRrFe1lOVjxkizZEnQc1V/YpAiPZoeKvhIBo9/pW/2EsjOM8nGT05W0zl1+ZcJiACDej9M1wOtKPoShByNemrHMqrMOUqzzwEv3J/2bql3q0AJRtZUbMY6ZOcR2ap3KPfFW1NllpbvecKhV+KQ7XTkgt+YF5212kH1BE7m4k81DAIOxtbkg1eyuspwtrafvmKj7COXgNhBeFsTGo1iEx4fza/R9M3041CyDDcY/ZIWlTyc5yxotD7SQ0aKf4RNyZgTITES30nW6mxpRzZYLoJvpgcKiiqMshXUybeFrNS3tqK61JcClxCYC++0J1bbdRyTd1FDUDeV+/egaeeOkOOt9pi5bNj9DsbT1Ab0pfKEKZaq4=
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QA_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QB_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QC_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QD_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 4} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QE_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 5} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QF_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 6} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QG_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 7} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.MC4_QH_schoolname)
{qqMC1 == 8} setModel("MC4_school_choice", model.nEC9_neighborhood_school)
model.MC4_ans_cnt == 8

Explain

The decision about where to educate children is one of the most important choices parents can make for their children. Schools can determine not only the type of education children receive, but also their peers—who will be their best friend or their number one “frenemy” throughout these important years.

The vast majority of parents send their children to traditional public schools—but even within public schools, parents have some areas of choice. Parents can choose to move to a neighborhood to find a better school. More than a quarter of parents report that they’ve moved so that their children can attend a specific school (NCES, 2008). And almost 1 in 5 parents report that their child attends a “chosen” public school—one other than their neighborhood school (NCES, 2008).

Where Are Second Graders In School?

Why do parents change schools? Sometimes because the new school is just more convenient. But more frequently because the school is seen to be academically superior—the students get better test scores, the classes are smaller, or the school is seen to be more disciplined. In some communities, magnet or charter schools exist within the public school system to give parents some choices. And some parents choose to pay tuition (or can use a voucher in special circumstances) to send their children to private schools (NCES, 1995). These schools can be either religious or secular—and parents who are willing to pay tuition are generally motivated by finding a school that is more in line with their religious beliefs, safer and academically more appropriate for their child (Davis, 2011).

Outcomes for private schools—and charter and magnet schools—vary by type of school and students enrolled. But students tend to do better on standardized tests—and more children who attend private schools tend to go on to college. Researchers believe that this isn’t necessarily because the schools are better than traditional public schools (although some may be), but that students whose parents are paying tuition are probably coming from a home with high academic expectations.

Some parents choose to homeschool their children. Common reasons for homeschooling include perceived problems with other school options or a desire to provide a religious or ethical education (Noel, A., Stark, P., and Redford, J., 2013).

And are parents happy with the choices they’ve made? For the most part, they seem to be. But parents who are paying tuition to private schools tend to be happier than those who are sending their children to their local public school.

Are Parents Satisfied With Their Children's School?

Look Inside

Review what we know about schooling during middle childhood and how it might help your little one develop in this video.

Continue

MC_DIVORCE_2
model.EC_parents_are_divorcing == "true"

Continue

MC_DIVORCE
model.MC_parents_are_divorcing == "true"

Continue

MC_SIBLING
model.EC_parents_are_divorcing == "false" && model.MC_parents_are_divorcing == "false" && model.MC_sibling == "true"

Continue

MC5
model.EC_parents_are_divorcing == "false" && model.MC_parents_are_divorcing == "false" && model.MC_sibling == "false"

The Breakup

MC_DIVORCE
true
mc_divorce

The Breakup

Learn More

3775555247001

You didn’t want to think this day would come. You’d always thought in the back of your mind that maybe one day things would end in wedding bells, but things have been difficult for the past few months between you and {model.partnerName}. You are breaking up. {model.partnerName} is going to move into an apartment nearby.

You can read more about the risk factors for separation and divorce in the Explain and Learn More—think about what might have contributed to this situation.

{model.babyName} is just {model.childData.age.years} years old. About {model.divorceRate} separate or divorce among kids’ {model.baby_his_her} age.

model.Relationship == "cohabitating" || model.Relationship == "dating"

You didn’t want to think this day would come. When you got married you thought it was forever. But things have been difficult for the past few months between you and {model.partnerName}. You are breaking up. {model.partnerName} is going to move into an apartment nearby.

You can read more about the risk factors for separation and divorce in the Explain and Learn More—think about what might have contributed to this situation.

{model.babyName} is just {model.childData.age.years} years old. About {model.divorceRate} separate or divorce among kids’ {model.baby_his_her} age.

model.Relationship == "married"

{model.babyName}’s best friend’s parents are breaking up. You were shocked to hear it, but you heard that they just haven’t been getting along and that they are moving into separate apartments. To read more about the risk factors for separation and divorce in the Explain and Learn More articles.

This child is just the same age as {model.babyName}. About {model.divorceRate} separate or divorce among kids’ {model.baby_his_her} age.

model.Relationship == "single" && model.childData.age.years > 5

Your best friend is breaking up with {model.user_his_her} partner. You were shocked to hear it, but {model.user_he_she} tells you that they just hadn’t been getting along and that they are moving into separate apartments. {model.user_he_she_cap} has a son your child’s age. To read more about the risk factors for separation and divorce in the Explain and Learn More articles.

This child is just the same age as {model.babyName}. About {model.divorceRate} separate or divorce among kids’ {model.baby_his_her} age.

model.Relationship == "single" && model.childData.age.years < 5.01

Question 1.19

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

Explain

Children, particularly young children, often undergo family transitions. As you’ll see in the chart, fewer than half of all children live in married, two-parent households. And almost 3 out of 10 children undergo a family transition before they start kindergarten.

What Kind of Families to Children Live In?
Risk of Family Transition (Separation or Divorce) By Child's Age

While every romantic break-up is different in its own way, researchers have identified some common risk and protective factors for separation and divorce. We’ll separate these characteristics by context, couple characteristics and individual characteristics.

Risk Factors for relationship instability

  • Context:
    • Living in a stressful environment, including struggling financially can raise the risk of separation.
  • Couple:
    • Every couple has disagreements, but having a pattern of volatile, hostile interactions increases the risk of breaking up.
    • As you’ll see in the figure below, getting together when you are younger—like under 22—or much older (like after 40) are also risk factors for breaking up.
    • In the United States, cohabiting (or living together) rather than being legally married seems to be associated with higher chance of breaking up.
  • Individual:
    • Having a personal history of exposure to separation and divorce in your own family can make it easier for parents to contemplate breaking up.
    • Having a personality that is less conscientious or easy to get along with also increases the risk of separation or divorce.
    • A history of secure attachment styles with your own parents also makes it less likely that you will experience a separation or divorce.

Protective Factors for relationship stability

  • Cultural, community or religious beliefs that prohibit or discourage divorce or separation make it much less likely that you will separate. This doesn’t necessarily mean that your relationships will be happier (although some research does indicate that this may be the case in some families), but that you will stick it out.
  • Higher education. For some reason, the more education you have, the less likely you are to break up. This could be because people with more education tend to have higher incomes or that people who stick it out through college are more likely to commit to a marriage for the long term.
Risk of Divorce By Age of Parents At Marriage

Separation and divorce inevitably cause some stresses in a family. From having to move, to changes in routines, changing parental relationships can be difficult on parents and children. In the short-term children who are undergoing family turmoil can be more depressed, do worse in school and feel badly about themselves. Families can be under particular stress if the break-up causes financial strain, as is often the case, as families try and provide for two households on an income that used to provide for just one. And in breakups with ongoing major conflict (estimated to be less than 20 percent), the continuing emotional and legal battles can be devastating for the entire family—and have long term repercussions for everyone’s happiness and mental health.

In the long term, parents can do a great deal to buffer children from the stresses of divorce or separation. Continuing to have a close, warm, authoritative parenting style and being able to focus on children’s needs—rather than the stresses of parents—seems to help children thrive and grow after a divorce. If parents are able to manage the separation well, most children seem to be able to do just as well as other children into adulthood.

What should happen to children after separation or divorce? Children benefit from ongoing, multiple attachments with parents and parent-figures, whether biological, adoptive or step-parents. In most cases, a shared parenting situation—including substantial time with both parents (including overnights) seems to work best for children—allowing them to create meaningful ongoing relationships with both parents (Warshak et al, 2014).

However, not all parenting and family situations are ideal. The vast majority of divorces end up to be fairly neutral or even friendly after the initial stress of the separation—but some remain profoundly conflictual. In other families, one or both of the parents may be struggling with mental health or substance abuse challenges. In some there may have been abuse or domestic violence. In other families, one of the parents may not have had any meaningful contact with the child—and may not have even cohabitated with the child before the official, legal separation. In these cases, what is best for children is not always clear. While children benefit from ongoing attachment relationships with all their parents—their emotional and physical safety is also critical. Building relationships that may have been damaged takes time and avoiding a perpetuation of significant parental conflict is also helpful for the ongoing health of the entire family unit. In situations like these, there are rarely easy answers—and very often there are not enough legal, financial or emotional resources to help these families through what can be lengthy and trying times.

In general, kids seem to do better with fewer transitions. However, particularly for young children, like infants and toddlers under 3, it is important to have frequent contact—if parents can only see their children once a week or on weekends, it is often not frequent enough to sustain a relationship. Longer visits allow children and parents time to get used to each other.

Continue

MC5

Families change...

MC_DIVORCE_2
true
mc_divorce_2

Families change...

It has been a long time since you and {model.partnerName} broke up. You never imagined that the fighting would go on this long. You are just about as upset about {model.partnerHimHer} as you were the day {model.partnerHeShe} left for the first time. Everything seems to be a fight. Birthdays. Holidays. Where {model.babyName} should go to school. What kind of after school activities you should pay for. {model.babyName} goes to see {model.partnerName} every week but seeing {model.baby_him_her} go brings up all the disagreements.

Question 1.20

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model.HighConflict == "true"

It has been a long time since you and {model.partnerName} broke up. You never imagined that this would become the new normal. But {model.babyName} has seemed to adjust nicely—and actually you and {model.partnerName} are getting along. {model.babyName} has been able to maintain a great relationship with both of you and you feel really proud of that.

You’ve actually started seeing someone new. What do you think about introducing {model.babyName} to your new {model.partnerGirlfriendBoyfriend}.

Question 1.21

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
model.HighConflict == "false"

Explain

Life after a divorce or separation depends on how much conflict the parents are going through. Most parents are able to move beyond the conflict in a year or so. But about 20 percent linger in corrosive conflict for longer—with potentially harmful effects on children. Most experts advise trying to enlist a mediator, family therapist, religious elder or respected family member to help cool down the fighting and help put the family first.

While many children can thrive in single-parent households, households with more adults tend to have more income, which can help. And parents tend to benefit from stable, committed intimate relationships—being with a loving partner can help adults buffer stress and parent better. However, millions of single mothers do an amazing job every day raising successful children.

It is very common for separated or divorced adults to re-couple. About 15 percent of children live in a “blended” family where the parents have legally remarried to a new partner. Many others live in families with two adults who are less formally partnered.

Children seem to thrive on stable, committed relationships with adults—whether biological, adoptive or step-parents. Step-parents—a term that is often used by children and adults to refer to anyone who takes a parent role with children, regardless of whether they are legally married to a biological parent—can benefit children if they have strong, attached and long-term committed relationships.

What Kind of Families to Children Live In?

Continue

MC5

Another Baby

MC_SIBLING
true
mc_sibling

Another Baby

Congratulations! You’re going to be a parent again. {model.babyName} is {model.childData.age.years} now and you think it will be the perfect age to be a big {model.baby_brother_sister}. While most siblings are closer in age, you think that the age difference will help the two of them get along better. You were thrilled to find out. Your new baby is a little {model.sibling_gender} and weighed {model.sibling_weight} lbs when {model.siblingHeShe} was born.

Question 1.22

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{true} setModel("siblingName", qq1)

Question 1.23

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

Explain

Most children in United States have at least one sibling—and potentially more biological or step-siblings.

Some siblings are just months apart in age and other can be separated by decades. As you can see in the figure below, most children are less than five years apart. Medical experts advise that women—and their babies—will be healthiest if they wait at least a year after giving birth before getting pregnant again.

Researchers who have looked at the school performance of siblings have noted that first children tend to do better in school—and that younger children tend to do better in school if there is a bigger age gap between children. First children tend to get more attention than children who are born later—but much of this extra time comes in the first few years, so waiting a few years before having a second child may make sure that the second child gets enough attention.

The relationship between siblings can be an important way for children to practice relating and getting along. Relationships between siblings may be close—or distant—and siblings can teach each other good, or bad lessons. Challenging relationships with siblings can make development challenging—but loving relationships can be a buffer and a support for a lifetime. Making sure that young children learn how to manage conflict and their emotions with their siblings can be an important place for your children to learn how to relate to their friends and others outside of your family.

Continue

MC5

Right, Wrong, Naughty or Nice?

MC5
true
mc5
{true} player.setChildAge( "8y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 8)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 8)
{true} setModel("MC5_homeschool", "false")
{model.MC4_school_choice == "Homeschooling"} setModel("MC5_homeschool", "true")
{true} setModel("teacherSex_gr3", "male")
{model.r100 < 90} setModel("teacherSex_gr3", "female")
{true} setModel("teacherPrefix_gr3", "Mr.")
{model.r100 < 60 && model.teacherSex_gr3 == "female"} setModel("teacherPrefix_gr3", "Mrs.")
{model.r100 > 59 && model.teacherSex_gr3 == "female"} setModel("teacherPrefix_gr3", "Ms.")
{model.teacherSex_gr3 == "female"} setModel("teacher_gr3_he_she", "she")
{model.teacherSex_gr3 == "male"} setModel("teacher_gr3_he_she", "he")
{model.teacherSex_gr3 == "female"} setModel("teacher_gr3_his_her", "her")
{model.teacherSex_gr3 == "male"} setModel("teacher_gr3_his_her", "his")
{model.r4 == 0} setModel("teacherName_gr3", model.teacherPrefix_gr3 + " Thompson")
{model.r4 == 1} setModel("teacherName_gr3", model.teacherPrefix_gr3 + " Taylor")
{model.r4 == 2} setModel("teacherName_gr3", model.teacherPrefix_gr3 + " Martinez")
{model.r4 == 3} setModel("teacherName_gr3", model.teacherPrefix_gr3 + " Moore")
{true} setModel("MC5_QA", "Heinz did the wrong thing because he broke the law and you aren’t supposed to break laws. And he might have to go to jail for a long time.")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && (model.userSingleFemale == "false" && model.userSingleMale == "false")} setModel("MC5_QB", "Heinz did the right thing to break the law because if his wife died he wouldn’t have anyone to help him with cooking or dishes.")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC5_QB", "Heinz did the right thing because his wife would have done the same thing for him and if he hadn’t done it she would have been really mad at him.")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && model.userSingleFemale == "false" && model.userSingleMale == "false"} setModel("MC5_QB", "Heinz did the right thing to break the law because if his wife died he wouldn’t have anyone to do the dishes or make dinner.")
{model.attachment < 0} setModel("MC5_QC", "Heinz did the right thing because it is more important sometimes to be a good person than to follow all the rules. Even though Heinz broke the law, he was doing it to be nice, so that was good.")
{model.attachment > -0.01} setModel("MC5_QC", "Heinz did the right thing because he loved his wife and if you love someone you need to take care of them no matter what. Even though you aren’t supposed to steal things, loving his wife and taking care of her was more important.")
{model.attachment < 0} setModel("MC5_QD", "I can see where Heinz would want to break the law to help his wife, but if everyone did what Heinz did when they got in a tough situation, the world would be a mess and people would be stealing right and left.")
{model.attachment > -0.01} setModel("MC5_QD", "I can see how stealing is wrong and everything would be a mess if people stole all the time, but in this case, I think if Heinz accepts responsibility for what he did and is willing to pay for his crime and tell the police what he did, he did the right thing in saving his wife’s life.")
{true} setModel("MC5_QE", "We live in a world with laws and rules for things like paying for life-saving medicine. But the pharmacist doesn’t have a right to keep medicine away from a woman who is dying. Sometimes what is right for one person—like charging a lot for medicine—isn’t right for another person. Even though Heinz hurt the pharmacist by breaking into his store, he was obeying a greater obligation to help save someone’s life.")
{true} setModel("MC5_QF", "What is really important here is that regardless of laws or social expectations is that one person needs to do the right thing even though that means that sometimes you have to disobey laws that aren’t right. Saving the life of Heinz’s wife is a higher moral obligation and Heinz has done the right thing by obeying this higher moral calling.")
{true} setModel("MC5_QA_FB", "")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average" || model.MC2_conservation == "fail"} setModel("MC5_QA_FB", "This is actually about what your child told you. You are reassured that this doesn’t necessary mean " + model.baby_he_she + " wouldn’t be brave and do the right thing as an adult. Your child is just displaying a very concrete and self-oriented (or ego-centric) understanding of moral reasoning. This is characteristic of the pre-conventional stage of moral reasoning.")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range != "below average" || model.MC2_conservation == "pass"} setModel("MC5_QA_FB", "Actually your child had a more nuanced understanding of this problem. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is able to think more abstractly and less egocentrically about moral issues. Right now, " + model.baby_he_she + " is in the conventional moral reasoning stage. In this stage, abstract social rules, like 'stealing is wrong,' are central, but greater empathy for individual situations and people has developed. ")
{true} setModel("MC5_QB_FB", "")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average" || model.MC2_conservation == "fail"} setModel("MC5_QB_FB", "This is very close to what your child told you. Be reassured that this doesn’t necessary mean " + model.baby_he_she + " wouldn’t be brave and do the right thing as an adult! Your child is just displaying a very concrete and self-oriented (or ego-centric) understanding of moral reasoning. This is characteristic of the pre-conventional stage of moral reasoning.")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range != "below average" || model.MC2_conservation == "pass"} setModel("MC5_QB_FB", "Not quite. Your child actually had a more nuanced understanding of this problem. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is able to think more abstractly and less egocentrically about moral issues. Right now, " + model.baby_he_she + " is in the conventional moral reasoning stage. In this stage, abstract social rules, like 'stealing is wrong,' are central, but greater empathy for individual situations and people has developed. ")
{true} setModel("MC5_QCD_FB", "")
{true} setModel("MC5_QCD_FB", "This is actually very close to your child’s answer. Your child has developed a fairly nuanced understanding of this problem. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is able to think more abstractly and less egocentrically about moral issues. Right now, " + model.baby_he_she + " is in the conventional moral reasoning stage. In this stage, abstract social rules, like 'stealing is wrong,' are central, but greater empathy for individual situations and people has developed. ")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average" && model.MC2_conservation == "fail"} setModel("MC5_QCD_FB", "Actually not quite. While many kids who are around your child’s age are already in the conventional moral reasoning stage, your child is actually displaying a bit more concrete and self-oriented (or ego-centric) understanding of moral reasoning. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is still in the pre-conventional stage of moral reasoning. ")
{true} setModel("MC5_QE_FB", "")
{true} setModel("MC5_QE_FB", "Actually not quite. Most adults—and children are in the pre-conventional or conventional stages of moral reasoning. Even many adults aren’t at this stage—the post-conventional stage of moral reasoning—all the time. When they reach post-conventional moral reasoning, adults not only think abstractly and beyond themselves—thinking in terms of costs and benefits for society as a whole—they also think about true universals of right and wrong. Your child, like most kids " + model.baby_his_her + " age, is still in the conventional moral reasoning stage. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is now able to think more abstractly and less egocentrically about moral issues than " + model.baby_he_she + " was as a younger child. In this stage, abstract social rules, like 'stealing is wrong,' are central, but greater empathy for individual situations and people has developed.")
{true} setModel("MC5_QF_FB", "")
{true} setModel("MC5_QF_FB", "Actually not quite. Most adults—and children are in the pre-conventional or conventional stages of moral reasoning. Even many adults aren’t at this stage—the post-conventional stage of moral reasoning—all the time. When they reach post-conventional moral reasoning, adults not only think abstractly and beyond themselves—thinking in terms of costs and benefits for society as a whole—they also think about true universals of right and wrong. Your child, like most kids " + model.baby_his_her + " age, is still in the conventional moral reasoning stage. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is now able to think more abstractly and less egocentrically about moral issues than " + model.baby_he_she + " was as a younger child. In this stage, abstract social rules, like 'stealing is wrong,' are central, but greater empathy for individual situations and people has developed.")

Right, Wrong, Naughty or Nice?

Learn More

3147089533001,3819330689001,3237602987001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2

Look Inside

Review what scientists understand about moral development during middle childhood in this video.

You go to a convention for homeschool parents and sit in on a talk given by a developmental psychologist on moral development—how your child develops the ability to understand right from wrong.

The psychologist introduces the story of Heinz’s Dilemma which is often used by researchers to evaluate where individual children are in the development of their moral reasoning. Just as children’s thinking and emotions develop over time, their moral reasoning changes as they grow up. Many researchers see the stages of Lawrence Kohlberg as one helpful way of understanding the changes in children’s moral reasoning over time.

model.MC4_school_choice == "Homeschooling"

You’re at an open house at {model.babyName}’s school. {model.teacherName_gr3}, your child’s third grade teacher, is giving a presentation on moral development—how your child develops the ability to understand right from wrong.

{model.teacherName_gr3} introduces the story of Heinz’s Dilemma, which is often used by researchers to evaluate where individual children are in the development of their moral reasoning. Just as children’s thinking and emotions develop over time, their moral reasoning changes as they grow up. Many researchers see the stages of Lawrence Kohlberg as one helpful way of understanding the changes in children’s moral reasoning over time.

model.MC4_school_choice != "Homeschooling"

Click through {model.teacherName_gr3}’s slides to see the story of Heinz’s Dilemma for yourself.

Once there was a man named Heinz whose wife was extremely sick.

Heinz Dilemma: Woman lying in bed, sick, with husband at her side.

Doctors told him that the only thing that might save his wife’s life was a medicine produced by one pharmacist.

Heinz Dilemma: Man standing outside pharmacy as pharmacist speaks to customer.

But the medicine was extremely expensive and Heinz didn’t have enough money to pay for it.

Heinz Dilemma: Man looking in wallet while other offer him money.

And the pharmacist wouldn’t give Heinz the medicine without full payment.

Heinz Dilemma: Man speaking to pharmacist, money in hand.

So Heinz broke into the pharmacy to steal the medicine for his wife.

Heinz Dilemma: Man breaking into pharmacy, after hours.

Did Heinz do the right thing?

What do you think your child would say? What stage of Kolhberg’s moral reasoning is {model.baby_he_she} in? Before you answer, you might want to watch some of the videos of children responding to this question in the Learn More activity.

Question 1.24

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
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q8", "Heinz Dilemma")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q8_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q8_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q8_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q8_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==4} setModel("track_MC_Q8_resp", model.MC5_QA)
model.userSingleFemale == "true" || model.userSingleMale == "true"

Question 1.25

wI1cKLBvRurIpIBwuwhjvDrw6pp98dbEG+N2me7W5A5bKAPD6Qqo7VlQYaRAQ4L4cDsmtDwH2sSxbdZWxefe6EW2+i7/gouFcI0ApeCOiN/Fwp9p7uMTA/LxCjlRnVSWlTS5cckOpmN7IKtgLWS4KWuNqXyFjc4e6z6vF1aW8xGd4wcy8JvC1F3vSh8KRpfAQRJMY0nGDIGfnDwY6x3Dozl5ajQra5f/jrF8HykTokMB54WOZPUt9RVFZXNlW7Frkz9y8T4OcXoKs5pZmEkSzHwucXc7kUmHTc/n2VRwEZ6e0WdTkDnx5IIl90CgChx/upd8UUvJ2cO2uryGlaZKjrH6jRI6ib4LOw4S1n89cKLv2OivVLGUgfSSRfG9aKW+k7lBvSQ+DazdRqCH53T2x35ittWDXnzhyPsQSmEFi8zYvFEUC5hbrNAvjtOyXL2GxNLPE51+hIrm7VGahGimmKJCXlabiimATmskWGW/uw85RluIADjwni9bFitByIJ/Xpwj54AiLyqC/dAuPzXRMShJE9o7579BMAnxiK/PZ27vofA0roPWhZOCu1GEw+r/sEb/uaVcky4SlUgAhbIRFFEsLwrhK4Xa1bq0kUR+kinpAcxtZaLLX0iHX+s7A8fn
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q9", "Heinz Dilemma")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q9_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q9_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q9_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q9_resp", model.MC5_QA)
{qqMC1==4} setModel("track_MC_Q9_resp", model.MC5_QA)
model.userSingleFemale == "false" && model.userSingleMale == "false"

Explain

Lawrence Kolhberg’s theory of moral development is a way of understanding how children make decisions about right and wrong. There are a number of factors that come into play when they make moral or ethical decisions, including their level of cognitive development, their culture, personal experience or level of empathy. Kolhberg’s theory focuses on children’s cognitive development and how it influences how children use logic to think through moral choices.

One of the benefits of looking at children’s moral thinking as it develops over time is that it helps adults to understand why children’s moral decisions can be quite baffling at times. Why would your otherwise kind 6-year-old tell Heinz to abandon his wife and let her die? Does this mean that your child is going to end up a cold killer?

Moral thinking reminds adults that children’s understanding of right and wrong changes over time and is limited by their ability to understand and think abstractly about the world around them. Just because your child seems ego-centric and self-centered in talking about moral issues doesn’t mean they will always be that way. It doesn’t mean that they aren’t moral—it may mean that their thinking is just immature.

The way children use moral reasoning tends to reflect their stage of cognitive development. Younger children (younger than 8) tend to use preconventional moral thinking, a stage of moral thinking that mirrors Piaget’s pre-operational stage of children’s thinking. In the pre-operational stage, children have trouble thinking of things from a perspective other than their own and they tend to be very literal and concrete. In their moral thinking, they tend to respond to the Heinz Dilemma in a very self-centered way—thinking about ways that Heinz can benefit (like by avoiding jail or having his wife around to take care of him).

By the time they reach the concrete operational stage, at about age 7, children have more ability to think abstractly and beyond their own experience. Your child may have developed a fairly nuanced understanding of this problem. Some children at this age are able to think more abstractly and less egocentrically about moral issues. In the conventional moral reasoning stage, abstract social rules, like “stealing is wrong” are central, and greater empathy for individual situations and people has developed.

And by the time children reach adolescence or adulthood, they have more ability to think from other people’s points of views and about abstract social issues. They can think about what is best for society as a whole and about greater social issues of right and wrong. They can reach what is called the post-conventional stage of moral reasoning. When they reach post-conventional moral reasoning, adults not only think abstractly and beyond themselves—thinking in terms of costs or benefits for society as a whole—they also think about true universals of right and wrong. For example, an adult might reason that we live in a world with laws and rules for things like paying for life-saving medicine. Another adult might reason that the pharmacist has a right to be compensated for their work and the risk they’ve taken in setting up a business. And adults can measure competing rights and obligations, by even evaluating that sometimes what is right for one person—like charging a lot for medicine—isn’t right for another person who may be on the brink of death. And they can also evaluate the levels of obligation and rights (an even greater level of abstraction), by doing things like measuring whether the right to life is more important than the right to sell medication at a high price.

Some critics of Kohlberg worry that not everyone always reaches this post-conventional stage—at least not all of the time—but whether these stages are universal or even if we all move between them in evaluating particular moral decisions, these labels give us a powerful way of interpreting and evaluating children’s moral decision-making.

And here’s a reminder of where your child is in {model.baby_his_her} Kohlberg stage.

Table : Your Child’s Kohlberg Stages Update
Level 1: Pre-Conventional Moral Reasoning
Level 1: Obedience Motivation
Level 2: Self-interest Motivation
Level 2: Conventional Moral Reasoning
Level 3: Conformity Motivation
Level 4: Maintaining Social Order Motivation
Level 3: Post Conventional Moral Reasoning
Level 5: Social Contract Motivation
Level 6: Universal Principles Motivation

Continue

MC6

Making Friends

MC6
true
mc6
{model.r3 == 0} setModel("grad_degree", "education")
{model.r3 == 1} setModel("grad_degree", "child development")
{model.r3 == 2} setModel("grad_degree", "child psychology")
{true} setModel("MC6_social_label", "average")
{model.babyPeopleSkillsScore != "L" && model.babyOutgoingScore != "L"} setModel("MC6_social_label", "popular")
{model.babyPeopleSkillsScore == "H" && model.babyOutgoingScore != "L"} setModel("MC6_social_label", "average")
{model.babyPeopleSkillsScore == "L" && model.babyOutgoingScore == "L"} setModel("MC6_social_label", "rejected")
{model.babyPeopleSkillsScore == "L" && model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("MC6_social_label", "neglected")
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "L" && model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("MC6_social_label", "neglected")
{model.MC6_social_label != "rejected" && model.MC6_social_label != "neglected"} setModel("FB_rejected", "Children with these types of social ties are usually considered to be socially isolated. They can be kids who like to be alone and are happy introverts, but they can also be kids who are not as happy or who have difficulties making friends. However, your child is not in this category! " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " actually is much closer to the center of the social network. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " has more friends and is more popular.")
{model.MC6_social_label != "rejected" && model.MC6_social_label != "neglected"} setModel("FB_neglected", model.FB_rejected)
{model.MC6_social_label == "rejected" || model.MC6_social_label == "neglected"} setModel("FB_rejected", "Children with these types of social ties are usually considered to be socially isolated. They can be kids who like to be alone and are happy introverts, but they can also be kids who are not as happy or who have difficulties making friends. You may want to help coach your child to help " + model.baby_him_her + " be more successful in playing with other children. Is " + model.baby_he_she + " too anxious to approach other kids? Or when " + model.baby_he_she + " approaches is " + model.baby_he_she + " doing something clumsy, like being too aggressive or not picking up social cues? You may be able to intervene with " + model.baby_his_her + " teacher and with your child directly to help " + model.baby_him_her + ".")
{model.MC6_social_label == "rejected" || model.MC6_social_label == "neglected"} setModel("FB_neglected", model.FB_rejected)
{model.MC6_social_label == "rejected" || model.MC6_social_label == "neglected"} setModel("FB_popular", "At this age, children who have a lot of social ties are usually children with good social skills. Other children find them likeable and they report having a number of close friends. However, your child wasn’t one of them. Your child is actually more socially isolated. This can be because they like to be alone and are happy introverts, but they can also be kids who are not as happy or who have difficulties making friends. You may want to help coach your child to help " + model.baby_him_her + " be more successful in playing with other children. Is " + model.baby_he_she + " too anxious to approach other kids? Or when " + model.baby_he_she + " approaches is " + model.baby_he_she + " doing something clumsy, like being too aggressive or not picking up social cues? You may be able to intervene with " + model.baby_his_her + " teacher and with your child directly to help " + model.baby_him_her + " be more socially successful.")
{model.MC6_social_label == "rejected" || model.MC6_social_label == "neglected"} setModel("FB_average", model.FB_popular)
{model.MC6_social_label == "popular" || model.MC6_social_label == "average"} setModel("FB_popular", "At this age, children who have a lot of social ties are usually children with good social skills. Other children find them likeable and they report having a number of close friends. These children can be academically successful or aggressive or somewhere in between–the fact that they are well-liked doesn’t necessarily mean they are one or the other. As children get older, there starts to be a disconnect between nice kids with good social skills and kids who are more aggressive—and children who are more aggressive tend to be seen as more popular. But right now, there is an overlap between the kids with good social skills and the kids who are aggressive. Your child seems to be doing well socially in school. So far so good!")
{model.MC6_social_label == "popular" || model.MC6_social_label == "average"} setModel("FB_average", model.FB_popular)

Making Friends

Learn More

3819368699001,4095729071001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2
Two young girls, running and jumping hand-in-hand through a grassy field.
model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"
Portrait of two boys and one girl holding hands,  viewed from below.
model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"

You’re lucky that {model.babyName}’s third grade teacher, {model.teacherName_gr3}, happens to be getting a graduate degree in {model.grad_degree}. Today at the open house, {model.teacher_gr3_he_she} showed all the parents an illustration {model.teacher_gr3_he_she}’d created for one of {model.teacher_gr3_his_her} college courses.

model.MC5_homeschool == "false"

{model.babyName} has been attending a homeschoolers’ cooperative in order to spend more time with other children and to get some additional instruction from other homeschooling parents. You’re lucky that one of the parents, {model.teacherName_gr3}, happens to be getting a graduate degree in {model.grad_degree}. Today {model.teacher_gr3_he_she} showed you an illustration of the friendships within the class that {model.teacher_gr3_he_she}’d made for one of {model.teacher_gr3_his_her} college courses.

model.MC5_homeschool == "true"

This is a map of the friendships in {model.babyName}’s class. The children were asked to list the kids they most like to play with—and mark their best friend—and to list classmates they don’t like to play with. They also responded to questions about the friendships of other children in their class. From this information, {model.teacherName_gr3} created this diagram. You’ll notice that the popular kids are in darker shades in the middle of the diagram, since they were listed as friends to multiple children. Rejected and neglected children are outliers—with fewer connections and arrows linking them to other kids in the classroom.

Scatter map

Where do you think {model.babyName} is in this diagram? You know {model.baby_he_she} has some friends, but you’ve never been on the playground during recess to see whether {model.baby_he_she} is one of the popular kids or one of the rejected kids. Do you think {model.baby_he_she} is one of the neglected kids or one of the average kids? Check out the Explain to find out more about relationships in childhood.

Question 1.26

2MWKYGv8LaWlua2rmTjtom1jJJNklAk5v5Ps5IPzPXaE6Yw4NChV82o/0lnSjGyDPGf6gRTBXI9+AM0jOBZ75N5Vz969s1ZaflFbv19ryfEUqjSazDOnt9aJvSlgxj8lTlRpNLiqyE5RlXXL2D7s0pJqucE6KZtOMXqHoS89vrwdE9gg+nsraIupfUbgWr3n1CXQcQAkKyMuqHReZ3uXzrjf1q4Xknoko1Aie/DAPM6A6SYjk807gZAXMzgfFgy9brQeTTkgeiKXWfBTGAVJWemnjtFiC7TKK+G112xJGpr5+e3dvDPIGzuCtU3pDu+MT1d13RfYlrTatfRjk/58wnNjw4To6JY4oO7rFAejng3dU8QDt/4sJBlnz+1cvX1eXi1igwjxIEFMzIGLaJBg+y9Cb407+bxj7W6AerDdyb1HdfQCd8AI1+mHs8DDMmowCpaWZOhhbNQVNpa+li98fUkHw4+k39UvHico9u+EhnA=
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q10", "Click on your guess to find out.")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q10_resp", "popular")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q10_resp", "rejected")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q10_resp", "neglected")
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q10_resp", "average")

Explain

Friendships are one of the joys of childhood. But, for some children, they don’t come easily. And for these children, the playground can be a battleground. When researchers talk to children, they identify a number of types of children in the classroom and on the playground.

Some children are popular. In the early elementary school years, these children are ones with good social skills who are liked by other children and not disliked by many. In social networks, they are connected to many other kids. However, just because a child is “popular,” or socially well-connected, doesn’t necessarily mean that, in the eyes of adults or teachers, they are perfect children. Aggressive or bullying children can also be popular, particularly in the later elementary school and middle school years.

Other children are rejected. Rejected children are those whom other kids just don’t find likeable. They can be children who are aggressive or children who are withdrawn or anxious. Either way, these are children who don’t have very many friends on the playground. In the case of children who are withdrawn and anxious, interventions can be helpful to encourage them to make more attempts to play with other children. More aggressive children, or children who have trouble with emotional regulation, may need help managing their feelings. And both sets of children might be well served with a refresher about basic social skills—how to take turns, how not to be too bossy, and how to respect other children’s opinions. Early intervention is important for these kids, since they will be at risk later in life for a number of problems, including poor school performance and various internalizing and externalizing disorders.

Still other children are neglected. In this case, this doesn’t mean that the children are abused at home—or neglected in that way—but that they’re ignored by the other children in class. When other children are asked about these kids, they tend to just be forgotten. These children tend to have poor social skills and potentially other challenges, like poor emotional regulation or mental health issues like depression. Again, intervention can be helpful to these kids to prevent social neglect from becoming something more serious.

And a few kids are what is called controversial—that is, the other kids just can’t decide what to make of them. Some kids really like them and some kids really dislike them. These, too, are children a parent or a teacher should keep a close eye on. They may be disliked or liked because they are particularly aggressive or have issues with emotional regulation. Getting to know these kids a bit better—and giving them some hands-on attention—may also help more intractable problems from developing later on.

Source: Social Network Profiles of Children in Early Elementary School Classrooms – by Jennifer A. Vu. Journal of Research in Childhood Education January-March 2014, Volume 28, no. 1, pp. 69-84. See more at: http://acei.org/volume-28-no-1/social-network-profiles-of-children-in-early-elementary-school-classrooms#sthash.SvVg69q7.dpuf

Look Inside

Compared to the preschool years, children in middle childhood are much more likely to have same-sex friends. Children find it easier to play with other children who have similar knowledge and interests. In addition, children become much more concerned with following group norms of behavior. Children who play exclusively with other children of the opposite sex tend to be less socially competent and less well-liked.

The biological changes associated with puberty begin in middle childhood with signals from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland, which then secretes hormones that stimulate activity in the adrenal glands and gonads. This process begins around age 9 for girls and age 10 or 11 for boys. The dramatic bodily changes of puberty are still a year or two away.

This video reviews what we understand about friendship and peers in middle childhood.

Continue

MC7

Thinking About Thinking

MC7
true
mc7
{true} setModel("EC12_cogdev_total", model.EC12_cogdev_achieved_tally + model.EC12_cogdev_gifted_tally)
{true} setModel("MC7_do_well_in_school", "false")
{model.EC12_cogdev_total == 3} setModel("MC7_do_well_in_school", "true")
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC7_activity", "spelling words")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC7_activity", "multiplication problems")
{model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC7_activity1", "the list")
{model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC7_activity1", "the equations")
{true} setModel("MC7_help", "specialist")
{model.MC3_IEP == "true" && model.SLD_literacy == "true"} setModel("MC7_help", "reading specialist")
{model.MC3_IEP == "true" && model.SLD_math == "true"} setModel("MC7_help", "math specialist")
{model.MC3_IEP == "true" && model.speech_delay == "true"} setModel("MC7_help", "speech specialist")
{model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC7_help", "tutor")
{model.MC3_ODD == "true"} setModel("MC7_help", "counselor")

Thinking About Thinking

Learn More

3816121898001,4095747154001,3571078877001

Baby Avatar will load here.

It seems like all of a sudden when {model.babyName} entered third grade, the school work became so much harder.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "true" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"

You were wondering why {model.babyName} hasn’t had any homework this year—but {model.baby_he_she} keeps on telling you {model.baby_he_she} can do it on the bus on the way home. But {model.baby_he_she} finally had some to work on today after school.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "true" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"

It feels like {model.babyName}’s teacher has been in touch every night ever since {model.baby_he_she} started third grade, relating to you something {model.babyName} has done. {model.teacherName_gr3} is trying to keep {model.baby_him_her} on a sticker chart to improve {model.baby_his_her} behavior and constantly reminding you about {model.baby_his_her} homework.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"

{model.babyName}’s teacher has been very conscientious about making sure you have all the information you need to help {model.babyName} with {model.baby_his_her} homework every night. You are also working together to keep {model.baby_him_her} on a sticker chart to help improve {model.baby_his_her} in-class behavior.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.parentingStyle != "neglectful"

Your friends tell you that {model.babyName} is supposed to have homework every night, but the homework doesn’t seem to come home. At the end of the year report card, {model.baby_his_her} teacher was concerned about {model.baby_his_her} behavior in class, but you haven’t heard very much this year.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.neglectful > 1.99

{model.babyName} sometimes has homework now—but not very often and when {model.baby_he_she} does, you often have to pry it out of the bottom of their backpack or download it yourself from the teacher’s web site. You’ve tried to put {model.babyName} on a sticker chart to help improve {model.baby_his_her} behavior at school, but {model.teacherName_gr3} doesn’t usually return your emails or texts at the end of the day when you try and figure out how {model.baby_he_she} did in class. So it has been hard.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && (model.parenting_score > 4.99 || model.parentingStyle == "authoritative")

{model.babyName} has been working hard in school this year—and {model.baby_his_her} new teacher, {model.teacherName_gr3}, has been amazing at working with the [ADD appropriate helper depending on the kids’ disability (MC3): reading specialist/math specialist/speech therapists/counselor/tutor] to help make sure that {model.babyName} is getting all the help that {model.baby_he_she} needs. You feel really grateful to be in such good hands.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && (model.parenting_score > 4.99 || model.parentingStyle == "authoritative")

Ever since {model.babyName} was identified as having some learning challenges, the school has been in touch with you really frequently. They want you to come in a few times every year—which is really hard for you to schedule and you haven’t been able to make it every time. They send home a chart of the homework that {model.babyName} has every week, but you haven’t always been able to make time to make sure that {model.baby_he_she} is doing it every night.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && model.neglectful > 1.99

Ever since {model.babyName} was identified as having some learning challenges, you’ve been making sure to email and call and go into the school as much as you can. It seemed like it took weeks to get {model.babyName} set up with {model.baby_his_her} {model.MC7_help}.

You keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework and you are always worried that {model.baby_he_she} is losing it on the way home.

model.ADHD == "true"

And you keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework.

model.ADHD == "false"
model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && model.parentingStyle != "neglectful"

You worry about how {model.babyName} is doing in school this year. But you haven’t heard much from {model.baby_his_her} new teacher {model.teacherName_gr3}. And you keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework.

And you keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework and you are always worried that {model.baby_he_she} is losing it on the way home.

model.ADHD == "true"

And you keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework.

model.ADHD == "false"
model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.EC12_externalizing == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"

{model.babyName} has been working hard in school this year—and {model.baby_his_her} new teacher, {model.teacherName_gr3}, has been amazing at making sure that {model.babyName} is getting all the help that {model.baby_he_she} needs. You feel really grateful to be in such good hands.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.EC12_externalizing == "false" && model.parentingStyle != "neglectful"

Since {model.babyName} has had some difficulties with {model.EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list}, the school has been in touch with you really frequently. They want you to come in a few times every year—which is really hard for you to schedule and you haven’t been able to make it every time. They send home a chart of the homework that {model.babyName} has every week, but you haven’t always been able to make time to make sure that {model.baby_he_she} is doing it every night.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.EC12_externalizing == "false" && model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"

Since {model.babyName} has had some difficulties with {model.EC12_cogdev_emergent_at_risk_list}, you’ve been making sure to email, call and go into the school as much as you can.

You keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework and you are always worried that {model.baby_he_she} is losing it on the way home.

model.ADHD == "true"

You keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework.

model.ADHD == "false"
model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.EC12_externalizing == "false" && model.parentingStyle != "neglectful"

You worry about how {model.babyName} is doing in school this year. But you haven’t heard much from {model.baby_his_her} new teacher {model.teacherName_gr3}.

You keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework and you are always worried that {model.baby_he_she} is losing it on the way home.

model.ADHD == "true"

You keep wondering why {model.babyName} doesn’t come home with more homework.

model.ADHD == "false"
model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "false" && model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.EC12_externalizing == "false" && model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"
model.MC5_homeschool == "false"

This second year of home-schooling you’ve really hit your groove! You are really enjoying all the time with {model.babyName} and {model.baby_he_she} is learning so much more than {model.baby_he_she} was at school. And you don’t have to worry about the influence of the other kids.

model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.parentingStyle != "neglectful"

This second year of home-schooling you’ve really hit your groove! You are really enjoying all the time with {model.babyName} and {model.baby_he_she} is learning so much more than they were at school. And you don’t have to worry about the influence of the other kids. Even though you figured out that {model.babyName} has some learning challenges last year, you’ve been able to set up extra time with a specialist.

model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true" && model.parentingStyle != "neglectful"

Home schooling has turned out to be harder than you thought. Sometimes you think that the house just might be too small for {model.babyName} home all day with you. It seems like you’re always in each other’s way. And {model.babyName} sometimes says that {model.baby_he_she} misses “regular” school. But at least you don’t have to worry about influences of the other kids.

model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"

Home schooling has turned out to be harder than you thought. Sometimes you think that the house just might be too small for {model.babyName} home all day with you. It seems like you’re always in each other’s way. And {model.babyName} sometimes says that {model.baby_he_she} misses “regular” school. At least you don’t have to worry about influences of the other kids. But {model.babyName} doesn’t seem to be learning as easily as you thought {model.baby_he_she} would. You wonder whether you should look into finding the specialist the school suggested before you pulled {model.babyName} out last year.

model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true" && model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"
model.MC5_homeschool == "true"

Today, {model.baby_he_she} was working on {model.MC7_activity} in the kitchen.

{model.baby_He_She_cap} was having trouble reviewing {model.MC7_activity1}. It may have been because you had the television on.

model.neglectful > 1.99

{model.baby_He_She_cap} was having trouble reviewing {model.MC7_activity1}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} kept fidgeting and flipping {model.baby_his_her} pen around.

model.neglectful < 2

At the last parent-teacher conference, {model.teacherName_gr3} reminded you that {model.babyName} has trouble with both {model.baby_his_her} selective attention and executive function—so {model.baby_he_she} has trouble staying on task, especially for something that is boring like memorizing {model.MC7_activity1}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} also has trouble knowing how to study. {model.baby_He_She_cap} doesn’t know that {model.baby_he_she} should be focusing on the harder {model.MC7_activity}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} is having trouble with metacognition—the ability to think about {model.baby_his_her} thinking.

model.MC5_homeschool == "false"

{model.babyName} has trouble with both {model.baby_his_her} selective attention and executive function—so {model.baby_he_she} has trouble staying on task, especially for something that is boring like memorizing {model.MC7_activity1}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} also has trouble knowing how to study. {model.baby_He_She_cap} doesn’t know that {model.baby_he_she} should be focusing on the harder {model.MC7_activity}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} is having trouble with metacognition—the ability to think about {model.baby_his_her} thinking.

model.MC5_homeschool == "true"
model.ADHD == "true"

You were really impressed by how {model.babyName} could focus on {model.baby_his_her} work. This is an example of both {model.baby_his_her} selective attention and executive function. {model.baby_He_She_cap} also started focusing on the harder {model.MC7_activity} where {model.baby_he_she} had trouble. "I’m going to start with the ones that are really tough," {model.baby_he_she} said. You recognized this as an example of metacognition—{model.baby_his_her} ability to think about {model.baby_his_her} thinking and the task at hand.

model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "true"

You are really pleased to see how {model.babyName} has been using the skills {model.baby_he_she} has been learning to review {model.baby_his_her} {model.MC7_activity}. {model.babyName} seems to be really focusing on the task. This is an example of both {model.baby_his_her} selective attention and executive function. {model.baby_He_She_cap} also started focusing on the harder {model.MC7_activity} where {model.baby_he_she} had trouble. “I’m going to start with the ones that are really tough,” {model.baby_he_she} said. You recognized this as an example of metacognition—{model.baby_his_her} ability to think about {model.baby_his_her} thinking and the task at hand.

model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true" && model.MC3_get_help == "true"

You are really pleased to see how {model.babyName} has been using the skills {model.baby_he_she} has been learning to review {model.baby_his_her} {model.MC7_activity}. You’ve told {model.babyName} that {model.baby_he_she} gets an extra sticker on {model.baby_his_her} sticker chart if {model.baby_he_she} studies and does well on the {model.MC7_activity} test. So model.babyName} seems to be really focusing on the task. This is an example of both {model.baby_his_her} selective attention and executive function. {model.baby_He_She_cap} also started focusing on the harder {model.MC7_activity} where {model.baby_he_she} had trouble. “I’m going to start with the ones that are really tough,” {model.baby_he_she} said. You recognized this as an example of metacognition—{model.baby_his_her} ability to think about {model.baby_his_her} thinking and the task at hand.

model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.neglectful < 1.01

{model.babyName} doesn’t seem to be very interested in finishing up the worksheet on the {model.MC7_activity}. You are worried that {model.baby_he_she} doesn’t seem very focused on what {model.baby_he_she} is doing. At the last parent-teacher conference, {model.teacherName_gr3} reminded you that {model.babyName} should be able to focus more on {model.baby_his_her} work now that {model.baby_he_she} is in third grade. {model.baby_He_She_cap} should be developing selective attention and executive function—so {model.baby_he_she} can stay on task, especially for something that is boring like memorizing {model.MC7_activity}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} should also be developing some understanding of how to study. But {model.babyName} doesn’t seem to understand that {model.baby_he_she} should be focusing on the harder {model.MC7_activity1}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} is having trouble with metacognition—the ability to think about thinking.

model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.neglectful > 1.99 && model.MC5_homeschool == "false"

{model.babyName} doesn’t seem to be very interested in finishing up the worksheet on the {model.MC7_activity}. You are worried that {model.baby_he_she} doesn’t seem very focused on what {model.baby_he_she} is doing. {model.babyName} should be able to focus more on {model.baby_his_her} work now that {model.baby_he_she} is in third grade. {model.baby_He_She_cap} should be developing selective attention and executive function—so {model.baby_he_she} can stay on task, especially for something that is boring like memorizing {model.MC7_activity}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} should also be developing some understanding of how to study. But {model.babyName} doesn’t seem to understand that {model.baby_he_she} should be focusing on the harder {model.MC7_activity1}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} is having trouble with metacognition—the ability to think about thinking.

model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.neglectful > 1.99 && model.MC5_homeschool == "true"

Question 1.27

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
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q11", "What could you do to help your third grader?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q11_resp", "should be able to get through this on own")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q11_resp", "help develop selective attention")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q11_resp", "talk about how to study")
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q11_resp", "give a sticker chart")
{qqMC1==4} setModel("track_MC_Q11_resp", "get extra help")

Explain

In the United States, most third graders have homework and most parents say they are checking it. But many children struggle with the increased academic demands of elementary school, as they begin to be required to master more complex material, from geography to mathematics. At the same time, in many states, new Common Core standards are raising the bar for what elementary school students need to be responsible for.

Children with learning challenges—from dyslexia to ADHD—may have particular challenges as school work becomes more difficult. Children who have issues with emotional regulation that make it difficult for them to focus may also have troubles in school. And children from poor and/or stressed families may not have the resources at home—or at school—to succeed.

Some research indicates that third grade can be a turning point for children. As academic demands grow, children who have trouble with reading, with focusing, and with school in general may be at the edge of success or failure. Intervention in third grade can make a big difference in whether a child turns into a successful student—or drops out before finishing high school (Hernandez, 2012).

Are You Checking Homework?

Look Inside

Nine-year-olds are more likely to keep thinking about puzzling events than are 5-year-olds. However, this metacognitive ability—thinking about experiences and thoughts—is far from perfect, as 9-year-olds are still easily distracted.

What is going on inside that growing little head? Review what we understand about brain development during middle childhood in this video.

Continue

MC8

Putting It In/Getting It Out

MC8
true
mc8
{true} player.setChildAge( "9y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 9)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 9)
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "false"} setModel("MC8_phrase1", "reading")
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "false"} setModel("MC8_phrase2", "sounds of the letters")
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "false"} setModel("MC8_phrase3", "paragraph of text")
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "false"} setModel("MC8_phrase4", "word")
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "true"} setModel("MC8_phrase1", "understanding of numbers")
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "true"} setModel("MC8_phrase2", "meaning of each number")
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "true"} setModel("MC8_phrase3", "math problem")
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "true"} setModel("MC8_phrase4", "set of numbers")

Putting It In/Getting It Out

Learn More

3570584472001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2

Look Inside

Nine-year-olds are more likely to keep thinking about puzzling events than are 5-year-olds. However, this metacognitive ability—thinking about experiences and thoughts—is far from perfect, as 9-year-olds are still easily distracted.

What is going on inside that growing little head? Review what we understand about brain development during middle childhood in this video.

Young boy reading with adult pointing to book

It seems like just a few years ago you were pestering {model.babyName} to make sure that {model.baby_he_she} remembered your cell phone number in case of an emergency. Now {model.baby_he_she} remembers all sorts of things—from the number of biomes in Minecraft to (most) of {model.baby_his_her} times tables. Just a few years ago, {model.babyName} was struggling to remember {model.baby_his_her} ABCs and now {model.baby_he_she} can read on {model.baby_his_her} own.

model.MC3_dyslexia == "false"

It seems like just a few years ago you were pestering {model.babyName} to make sure that {model.baby_he_she} remembered your cell phone number in case of an emergency. Now {model.baby_he_she} remembers all sorts of things—from the number of biomes in Minecraft to (most) of {model.baby_his_her} times tables. Just a few years ago, {model.babyName} was struggling to count to 100 and now {model.baby_he_she} can do basic division and understands simple fractions.

model.MC3_dyslexia == "true"

How did this happen? Automatization: {model.babyName}’s {model.MC8_phrase1} has become routine. In other words, {model.baby_he_she} isn’t figuring out the {model.MC8_phrase2} every time {model.baby_he_she} runs into a new {model.MC8_phrase3}. This material has become routine, so {model.baby_he_she} is now ready to learn more complex materials and doesn’t have to keep on using {model.baby_his_her} limited sensory memory or working memory every time {model.baby_he_she} looks at a new {model.MC8_phrase4}.

Question 1.28

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
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC8_memorize", "false")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC8_memorize", "true")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q12", "How can you help do better in school?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q12_resp", "avoid memorization")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q12_resp", "get all these facts down pat")

Explain

As children’s brains develop, they have increased processing speed due to myelination. But no matter how fast their processing speed, their sensory and working memory stores are still limited. However, children can work more efficiently by automatizing basic tasks, like remembering word sounds, basic spelling and math facts.

Remember that in the information processing theory’s understanding of memory, we recognize that incoming stimuli are received in an instant (sensory memory), and the select sensory memories transfer to the next step in remembering (working memory). Working memory capacity increases throughout middle childhood. One reason is that children begin to learn and acquire strategies for memorizing. For example, they learn that rehearsing will help them retain information. They also learn to group similar items together, making the items easier to remember and store in long-term memory.

Recall that we can only hold limited information in sensory and working memory. Sensory memory is usually limited to just 3-5 items for under 3 seconds and working memory is typically just 7-9 items for under 15 seconds. However, remember that rehearsal—or practice—like repeating a phone number, can expand the length of time you can hold information in your working memory. Your long-term memory is infinite, however—which is why it is important to work hard to encode information.

Look Inside

Ten-year-olds in school know many strategies for memorizing facts or solving mathematical problems. Some of these strategies are taught by teachers, and others are learned by imitating peers. But research has shown that most of these strategies are spontaneously invented by children themselves, even when their old ways of memorizing and problem solving are working perfectly well.

A 10-year-old knows approximately 40,000 words. That’s an average of 12 words a day, every day, between the ages of 1 and 10. For children in language-enriched environments and who read a lot, vocabulary at this age can be much higher.

What is going on inside that growing little head? Review what we understand about brain development during middle childhood in this video.

Continue

MC9

Click Click Click

MC9
true
mc9
{true} player.setChildAge( "10y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 10)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 10)
{true} setModel("high_media_exposure", "false")
{true} setModel("MC9_TV_in_room", "false")
{model.EC4_control_screentime != 2} setModel("MC9_TV_in_room", "true")
{true} setModel("MC9_media", "phone")
{model.r2==0} setModel("MC9_media", "new game player")
{model.r2==1 && model.MC9_TV_in_room == "false"} setModel("MC9_media", "television in " + model.baby_his_her + " room")
{true} setModel("MC9_child_watch_tv", "average")
{model.EC4_control_screentime != 2 && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC9_child_watch_tv", "highest")
{model.EC4_control_screentime == 2} setModel("MC9_child_watch_tv", "lowest")
{model.MC1_activity == "veryactive" && model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H"} setModel("MC9_child_watch_tv", "lowest")
{model.EC4_control_screentime != 2} setModel("MC9_child_watch_tv", "highest")
{true} setModel("MC9_child_play_videogrames", "average")
{model.EC4_control_screentime != 2 && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC9_child_play_videogrames", "highest")
{model.EC4_control_screentime == 2} setModel("MC9_child_play_videogrames", "lowest")
{model.MC1_activity == "veryactive" && model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H"} setModel("MC9_child_play_videogrames", "lowest")
{model.EC4_control_screentime != 2} setModel("MC9_child_play_videogrames", "highest")
{model.MC9_child_play_videogrames == "highest" || model.MC9_child_watch_tv == "highest"} setModel("high_media_exposure", "true")

Click Click Click

Look Inside

Review what we understand about the impact of media on childhood development in this video.

Learn More

3775569106001,3775555247001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2
Young girl lying on couch with laptop computer

It is getting close to the holidays and {model.babyName} is begging for a {model.MC9_media}. {model.baby_He_She_cap} tells you that “all of {model.baby_his_her} friends have one.”

You’ve tried to limit {model.baby_his_her} media use, but it seems like {model.babyName} feels more pressure than ever to keep up with the other kids at school.

model.EC4_control_screentime == 2 && model.MC1_activity == "veryactive"

You’ve always been pretty open to allowing {model.babyName} to watch television and use video games, but {model.baby_he_she} seems more interested than ever.

model.EC4_control_screentime != 2

What is a reasonable amount of media for {model.babyName} to be watching at age 10? Most experts recommend that children only use media for less than 2 hours a day. But you know that most kids are online much more than that. Read below to see how {model.babyName} compares to other children.

Does {model.babyName} have a television in {model.baby_his_her} room? No.

model.MC9_TV_in_room == "false"

Does {model.babyName} have a television in {model.baby_his_her} room? Yes.

model.MC9_TV_in_room == "true"

How much TV does {model.babyName} watch? Less than 1 hour per day.

model.MC9_child_watch_tv == "lowest"

How much TV does {model.babyName} watch? Between 1 to 4 hours per day.

model.MC9_child_watch_tv == "average"

How much TV does {model.babyName} watch? More than 4 hours per day.

model.MC9_child_watch_tv == "highest"

How Does This Compare With National Averages? (TV)

How much time does {model.babyName} spend playing video games? {model.babyName} spends less than 1 hour per day.

model.MC9_child_play_videogrames == "lowest"

How much time does {model.babyName} spend playing video games? {model.babyName} spends about 1 hour per day.

model.MC9_child_play_videogrames == "average"

How much time does {model.babyName} spend playing video games? {model.babyName} spends 2 hours or more per day.

model.MC9_child_play_videogrames == "highest"
How Does This Compare With National Averages? (Video Games)
Percentage of Kids Who Have a Cell Phone

Question 1.29

eKcRl16Mk/+FdoKf8DlmyceoF8vvJKNImzJxkhCEgKQ0wi71cl0NWsCGtIaH4JxSOP4V7gTh4tUEnprRWMntRepRxGAEhfELaYJ7oBlUy/hjBJL130hwLc1o8x5mKNx6qvjR8rOmjegUFTtfQnOmpuWdfNxU/lIfLZTzemZZG7JoKWUHMuXVew3fhTTPiDBOSerM4KLdj9xNznD9oNoybZ0MXcZKs/X3/BBPBEtsLNoGPnnDq3gjWzqtixPjqdQxBPlOLW0XU24GKvj3HrTICtcs2rVAT/EBW5zvT7DTHD0rwk/+rJ7FVXYO0K4rvAN2C9WESRhHIcZ7PuQHQI1F4lmTcBnortLsYvCf9I2h88U=
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC9_get_more_media", "true")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC9_get_more_media", "false")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q13", "Get more media?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q13_resp", "yes")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q13_resp", "no")
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
{qqMC2 == 0} setModel("MC9_rethink_media", "more relaxed")
{qqMC2 == 1} setModel("MC9_rethink_media", "more restrictive")
{qqMC2 == 2} setModel("MC9_rethink_media", "stay same")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q14", "Rethink media?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q14_resp", "be more relaxed")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q14_resp", "be more restrictive")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q14_resp", "leave things about how they are")

Explain

Elementary school children and adolescents spend more time on media than they do in school. As they grow older, some may spend more time on media than they do sleeping. Experts recommend limiting children’s media exposure to less than two hours a day, because of worries that higher levels of media may encourage children to be sedentary, take too much time away from school work and may expose children to violent, sexually mature material and substance and alcohol use. But parents seem to have difficulty adhering to the recommended limits on the time children spend on media.

Surveys of children seem to indicate that many parents don’t have many rules about media use and those who do have rules seldom enforce them (Ridgeout et al, 2010).

Percent of 8- to 10-Year-Old Children Who Report That They Have Rules About Media Use

How Often Are Those Rules Enforced?

Children who spend a lot of time online tend to be more overweight and be less successful in school (Pediatrics, 2013). Some studies even indicate that children who spend the most time online and watching television tend to be less content than other children—but it isn’t clear whether the time online causes the unhappiness or whether kids who are already unhappy end up spending more time watching television (Ridgeout et al, 2010). There are some social, ethnic and cultural differences in what types of media and how much media kids are exposed to. The more education a child’s parents have, the less media they tend to watch. Children whose parents went to college end up watching about two hours less of television every day (Ridgeout et al, 2010). And some studies report significant ethnic differences in media use. In one study, even when researchers controlled for the influence of family income and educational background, children from African-American or Latino backgrounds reported watching up to 2 hours more television every day than children who were European-American. Latino and African-American children reported about 13 hours a day of total media use while European-American children reported less than 9 hours. Some of this exposure was passive, however. Children reported that the television was on (even if no one was actively watching it) more of the time, particularly during meals, in African-American households (Ridgeout, 2010). But more research needs to be done to investigate these differences.

Data compiled from: National Survey of Children's Health. NSCH 2011/12. Data query from the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health website. Retrieved 06/11/2015 from www.childhealthdata.org. and from Ridgeout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8-to 18-Year-Olds. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

Source: Children, Adolescents, and the Media, Pediatrics 2013; 132; 958; originally published online October 28, 2013 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2656

Continue

MC10

Their Moment To Shine

MC10
true
mc10
{true} setModel("MC10_found_direction", "false")
{true} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "")
{true} setModel("MC10_future_career", "")
{model.babyPhysicalSkillsScore == "H" && model.IT17_achieve_weight != "Overweight" && model.MC1_activity != "lessactive"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "sports")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "sports" && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a soccer coach")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "sports" && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC10_sport", "soccer")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "sports" && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a professional basketball player")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "sports" && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC10_sport", "basketball")
{model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "true" && model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H" && model.r3 == 0} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "animals")
{model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "true" && model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H" && model.r3 == 1} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "medicine")
{model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "true" && model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H" && model.r3 == 2} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "babies")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "animals"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a veterinarian")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "medicine"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a doctor")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "babies"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a pediatrician")
{model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H" && model.babyMusicalSkillsScore == "H" && model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "guitar")
{model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H" && model.babyMusicalSkillsScore == "H" && model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "keyboard")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "guitar"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to have " + model.baby_his_her + " own band")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "keyboard"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a pop star")
{model.babySpatialSkillsScore == "H" && model.babyOpennessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "art")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "art"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be an artist")
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_range == "above average" && model.babyOutgoingScore == "L" && (model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Achieved" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted")} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "reading")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "reading"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a writer")
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted" && model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "above average" && model.MC7_do_well_in_school == "true"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "computers")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "computers" && model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a programmer")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "computers" && model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a video game designer")
{model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H" && model.MC6_social_label == "popular"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "friends")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "friends" && model.r2 == 0} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a class president")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "friends" && model.r2 == 1} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a teacher")
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "acting")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "acting" && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be an actress")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "acting" && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be an actor")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "police officers")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "police officers"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a police officer")
{model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H" && model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H" && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "firefighters")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "firefighters"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a firefighter")
{model.babySpatialSkillsScore == "H" && model.babyOpennessScore == "H" && model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "airplanes")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "airplanes"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a pilot")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "above average"} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "science")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "science"} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a scientist")
{true} setModel("MC10_random_boy_interest", "false")
{true} setModel("MC10_random_girl_interest", "false")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "" && model.r2 == 0 && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC10_random_boy_interest", "true")
{model.MC10_child_interest == "" && model.r2 == 0 && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC10_random_boy_interest", "true")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 0} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "medicine")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 0} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a doctor")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 1} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "sports")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 1} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a basketball player")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 2} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "sports")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 2} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a baseball player")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 3} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "friends")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 3} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a teacher")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 4} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "police officers")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 4} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a police officer")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 5} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "firefighters")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 5} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a firefighter")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 6} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "science")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 6} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a scientist")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 7} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "music")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 7} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a musician")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 8} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "acting")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 8} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be an actor")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 9} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "computers")
{model.MC10_random_boy_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 9} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a video game designer")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 0} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "medicine")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 0} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a doctor")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 1} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "sports")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 1} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a soccer player")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 2} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "dancing")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 2} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a dancer")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 3} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "friends")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 3} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a teacher")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 4} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "science")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 4} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a scientist")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 5} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "acting")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 5} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be an actress")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 6} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "music")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 6} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a musician")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 7} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "music")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 7} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be a musician")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 8} setModel("MC10_child_interest", "art")
{model.MC10_random_girl_interest == "true" && model.r10 == 8} setModel("MC10_future_career", "to be an artist")
{model.MC10_future_career != ""} setModel("MC10_found_direction", "true")
{true} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", 0)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "medicine" || model.MC10_child_interest == "animals" || model.MC10_child_interest == "babies"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyPhysicalSkillsScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyPhysicalSkillsScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.IT17_achieve_weight == "Overweight"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.IT17_achieve_weight == "Underweight" || model.IT17_achieve_weight == "Appropriate weight"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.MC1_activity != "lessactive"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.MC1_activity == "lessactive"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "sports" || model.MC10_child_interest == "dancing"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC6_social_label == "popular"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.MC6_social_label != "popular"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "friends"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyMoodinessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.babyMoodinessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "police officers"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyAgreeablenessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyCarefulnessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "firefighters"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 2)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 2)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "science"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyMusicalSkillsScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 2)
{model.babyMusicalSkillsScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 2)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "music"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 2)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 2)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "acting"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.babyMathSkillsScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyMathSkillsScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "computers"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_range == "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_range != "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.babyOpennessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyOpennessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "art"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_range == "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.MC3_verbal_intelligence_range != "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Gifted"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_reading_gr1_achieve == "At risk"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "reading"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_temp", 0)
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_range == "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.MC3_spatial_intelligence_range != "above average"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.babyOpennessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyOpennessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp + 1)
{model.babyOutgoingScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_temp", model.MC10_temp - 1)
{model.MC10_child_interest == "airplanes"} setModel("MC10_innate_ability", model.MC10_temp)
{true} setModel("MC10_enrichment", 0.5 * model.authoritative + 0.5 * model.parenting_score)
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC10_enrichment", model.MC10_enrichment - 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC10_enrichment", model.MC10_enrichment - 1)
{true} setModel("MC10_approval", 0)
{model.attachment_name == "Secure Attachment"} setModel("MC10_approval", model.MC10_approval + 1)
{true} setModel("MC10_approval", model.MC10_approval + model.parenting_score)
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC10_approval", model.MC10_approval - 1)
{model.stress > 3} setModel("MC10_approval", model.MC10_approval - 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC10_approval", model.MC10_approval - 1)
{true} setModel("MC10_achievement", 0)
{true} setModel("MC10_achievement", model.MC10_achievement + model.MC10_innate_ability + model.MC10_enrichment)
{model.babyCarefulnessScore == "H"} setModel("MC10_achievement", model.MC10_achievement + 1)
{model.babyCarefulnessScore == "L"} setModel("MC10_achievement", model.MC10_achievement -1 1)
{true} setModel("MC10_competence", "moderately skilled")
{model.MC10_achievement > 5 && model.MC10_approval > 0} setModel("MC10_competence", "highly skilled")
{model.MC10_achievement > 2 && model.MC10_approval > 5} setModel("MC10_competence", "highly skilled")
{model.MC10_achievement < 0.01 && model.MC10_approval < 0.01} setModel("MC10_competence", "not skilled")
{model.MC10_achievement < 0.01 || model.MC10_approval < 3} setModel("MC10_competence", "not skilled")

Their Moment To Shine

Learn More

3775574447001

Look Inside

Review what we understand about the development of interests and abilities during middle childhood in this video.

Baby Avatar will load here.

{model.babyName} has decided that {model.baby_he_she} loves {model.MC10_child_interest} and even wants {model.MC10_future_career} when {model.baby_he_she} grows up.

You’re not sure that this is your favorite career, but {model.babyName} is actually extremely good at it.

model.MC10_competence == "highly skilled"

You’re not sure that this is your favorite career, but {model.babyName} is pretty good at it.

model.MC10_competence == "moderately skilled"

You’re not sure that this is your favorite career, and although {model.babyName} is not the greatest at it, {model.baby_he_she} tries very hard.

model.MC10_competence == "not skilled"
model.MC10_found_direction == "true"

While {model.babyName}’s friends all seem to know what they want to be when they grow up, all {model.babyName} will tell you is that {model.baby_he_she} really likes to play video games. You suggested that maybe {model.baby_he_she} become a game designer or a professional gamer, but {model.baby_he_she} says that doesn’t sound good either.

model.MC10_found_direction == "false"

Question 1.30

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
{true} setModel("MC10_help_child", "false")
{qqMC1 == 2 || qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC10_help_child", "true")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q15", "What do you do about child's career choice?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q15_resp", "child doesn't have a chance at this")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q15_resp", "if meant to be, it will happen")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q15_resp", "sounds interesting to pursue")
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q15_resp", "it's destiny")
model.MC10_found_direction == "true"

Question 1.31

BDBNPBBlZd4uISPe4beKkCBJH3Vcw7HCYmdy9GBltsmekUGesOt7Cn3DV3RVpc/vlsWM2hHEJfp8tLxB7TWBsblcrSVZL56cGEM1ggJYYZ0IRqVUgjKRMjw4fU228jlyL7r/WcCRWJ/VruBhenwmglaG9BcrzsoFBduafmpGUNtN/c5xBkZ8mLhxvAVsY9K6ZceBdm260fO8LDrITPuds3JHLgnjO7bbZIIqZkj2vrn+YvmTmTsrn076bT6yDbuniexkMy4Wtjbxt01W3GHrZSB5bvYaU06vWCQqeO4c3sb1398JC+I4kBWi4I/M+5dkLCIIWvdgCzD+GUe5U0ofOJXMf1TZxJq59yZvvefKdgRfpxvtLDzfhLpd1wLtWZreZM3BRQg2ccbEaydhEqVoZD5BFMfVmivObQHsSVsp0NjQpVY9dASmqnvyB/rwlcTtqdZih07tS3pXlgH5ixl+LhziMz5D854ZHqve5eYDE8je85pPYPYetdXqetHtBsu7Ezb02EFfjoJLmdhrlww3VHFTES9kBNKl0lUaxUrPMJA9YxdiwlEu3tE8wGwClPlywOesy/SUECFsazZMp0dxzpfQUs8Y/igV3P9WITs4EAc6XMkEa52J7UvgrjVetofQ9TIJ8zxJod0uLjPaisvMnC6XqCJ3rnqMFcP7oWJhutUV7dBIt34kygP+cZXjfwTfOdEIKm5Qy4YY7mQdzEP7IR2+CbJxtOaybkeU5ZQFC7SjaaoTZ0n7FgIGN/Mp/pFBM3dRb/UXFpxiKwVJGtcl9mwkHL048U0DzWI9u7ivDYAZ+zVmj9pDCGY8SCF/QQdOX20nnO7OtMdEsFUyRJyT7FI4KHcFjpUJPH+/vckBDxiSObXLgv4HCYU/e7LQ901nlbKWJyiOYgLTs7PKgCd20/aAywsgb8nvvC0rSeL+2qCdpLvqFTnhqK0bqx+9rn+o9zxqZnvd1VrypvRQNU8gkDbCkKx/zjTdCiJJJAepQO1FsW5goYs0TSnIl6ZHwBLuqOftwfaC3ZI9QW+xCKmQYH+jZ1NeD+M3I+sDsnV+1ZgAzSBpbOWcTofjtbXg7nFg0I7wnZ2SjlTKgWk3hsFN/ZBLBpdrSMT9HI72s1Yk/lyUdkmQlkXyUPYDgJWHXg3JLLLMp/l62OYFVEilJp2wGK2z9wYqtTplUtJZ4DbbZWQzK0XEnqdNmQA9VoDUGANNtExFKjeg+fmpiB2zVAdbgGEWaj0HpaHLs6bafAKDlu43UZwIal4qp4q6y7JjsN3AiaIZjpleHyfV8hInwxQRfjI8YDj8cXLGQTKpOAcyzUNE3A5V/x0YEF7w5Cmvsj4SbLTI5F+bMc+36QmCoAAqPxq3MuFZaHNxhZSG0Zh4Vn/+6UGHNcyObEvQgW058xVjqxMi4nIkLRyaMWpD0ZtlrxjNVoteOLBaLwv77HdX6XmNW7JK2CFBHpj0GEbof3o1e9wOF2UfBDA=
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q16", "What do you do about child's career choice?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q16_resp", "let it drop")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q16_resp", "encourage")
model.MC10_found_direction == "false"

Explain

During middle childhood, children are beginning to develop skills and knowledge in the world outside of the home. They are learning to read and write, to dance or to kick a ball. Some children can develop amazing skills at this age—turning into pop stars before they hit puberty or selling paintings for millions of dollars. But most other children will just dabble in a variety of interests, perhaps moving from a love of reading to a love of science. However, if you follow the theories of Erik Erikson, each interest and the child’s success or failure in it, will contribute to the child’s overall sense of being successful, or competent, as a person.

Erik Erikson called the crisis of this stage, from about age 5 to about age 12, the struggle between industry and inferiority. If a child is able to explore their interests, achieve some level of competence (even if they aren’t going to win gold), they will have a sense of self-esteem, self-efficacy and confidence in their own efforts that they will take with them throughout their lives. If a child isn’t able to pursue interests and is instead passive, they may not be able to take risks, learn new things, and be successful in the outside world.

More than the Erikson stages that preceded it, the successful resolution of this stage is based on a child’s relationship not just with their parents, but with the outside world—peers, teachers, and even those people in the audience or on the sidelines. But parents can still do a good deal to help encourage children to take risks, work hard, and develop a sense of competence as they move from middle childhood into adolescence.

Continue

MC11

How Can You Protect Them?

MC11
true
mc11
{true} player.setChildAge( "11y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 11)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 11)
{true} setModel("MC11_bully", "false")
{true} setModel("MC11_bully_score", 0)
{model.MC3_ODD == "true"} setModel("MC11_bully", "true")
{model.parenting_score < 0} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 1)
{model.insecure_ambivalent == "true"} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 1)
{model.parentingStyle == "permissive"} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 1)
{model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 2)
{model.parentingStyle == "authoritarian"} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 2)
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.babyOutgoingScore == "H"} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 2)
{model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC11_bully_score", model.MC11_bully_score - 1)
{model.MC11_bully_score < -5.99} setModel("MC11_bully", "true")
{true} setModel("MC11_victim", "false")
{true} setModel("MC11_victim_score", 0)
{model.MC11_bully == "false" && (model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true") && model.r100 < 25} setModel("MC11_victim", "true")
{model.MC11_bully == "false" && (model.GayMan == "true" || model.GayWoman == "true") && model.r100 < 10} setModel("MC11_victim", "true")
{model.MC11_bully == "false" && model.babyOutgoingScore == "L" && model.r100 < 5} setModel("MC11_victim", "true")
{model.parenting_score < 0} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 2)
{model.parentingStyle == "permissive"} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 1)
{model.parentingStyle == "neglectful"} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 2)
{model.parentingStyle == "authoritarian"} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 1)
{model.childData.bmi > 25} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 1)
{model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 1)
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true" || model.babyOutgoingScore == "L"} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "bad"} setModel("MC11_victim_score", model.MC11_victim_score - 2)
{model.MC11_victim_score < -4.99 && model.MC11_bully == "false"} setModel("MC11_victim", "true")
{model.MC11_victim == "true"} setModel("stress", model.stress + 1)
{model.r2 == 0 && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying", "calling him names")
{model.r2 == 1 && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying", "pushing him in line")
{model.r4 == 0 && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying", "calling her names")
{model.r4 == 1 && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying", "pushing her in line")
{model.r4 == 2 && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying", "spreading rumors about her")
{model.r4 == 3 && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying", "spreading unflattering stories about her on Yik Yak")
{model.r2 == 0 && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying_act", "name calling")
{model.r2 == 1 && model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying_act", "shoving another student on the playground")
{model.r2 == 0 && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying_act", "spreading rumors about another girl in her class")
{model.r2 == 1 && model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"} setModel("MC11_random_bullying_act", "spreading unflattering stories about another girl on social media")

How Can You Protect Them?

Learn More

3816069505001,3570966908001,3571119221001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2
Teenage boy holding his first to the face of another teenage boy.
{model.childData.bmi > 22} setModel("MC11_adjective", "is overweight")
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("MC11_adjective", "is shy")
{model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true" || model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC11_adjective", "has learning challenges")
{model.GayMan == "true" || model.GayWoman == "true"} setModel("MC11_adjective", "is the " + model.baby_son_daughter + " of a gay couple")

{model.babyName} didn’t tell you about the terrible things that were happening to {model.baby_him_her} at school {model.baby_him_her}self. You found out from one of {model.baby_his_her} friend’s parents.

Apparently other kids have been {model.MC11_random_bullying}.

You worry it may be because {model.babyName} {model.MC11_adjective}. But {model.babyName} actually corrects you and tells you that “lots of other kids” get bullied too. You aren’t sure that you believe {model.baby_him_her}.

(model.SLD_literacy == "true" || model.SLD_math == "true" || model.childData.bmi > 22 || model.ADHD == "true" || model.EC12_internalizing == "true" || model.GayMan == "true" || model.GayWoman == "true")

Question 1.32

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
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("authoritarian", model.authoritarian + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("authoritative", model.authoritative + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("neglectful", model.neglectful + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{true} setModel("MC11_intervention", "false")
{qqMC1 == 1 || qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC11_intervention", "true")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q17", "What do you say about bullying")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q17_resp", "take care of the bully by fighting back")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q17_resp", "go to the school to talk to teachers and administrators")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q17_resp", "let your child work it out")
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q17_resp", "take your child to a counselor")
model.MC11_victim == "true"
{model.user_school_work == "work"} setModel("MC11_work", " to leave work ")
{model.user_school_work != "work"} setModel("MC11_work", " ")

It is never a good feeling to get a call from school during the day, but this was maybe one of the worst calls you’d received. {model.babyName} was in the principal’s office. This time for {model.MC11_random_bullying_act}.

They are saying that {model.babyName} is a bully.

This time you had{model.MC11_work}to go to school to pick up {model.babyName}. The school has asked [him/her] to stay home for a few days before returning. You have a long and quiet ride home to figure out what to do next.

Question 1.33

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
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q18", "What to do about your child, the bully")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q18_resp", "punish your child")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q18_resp", "make an appointment to go to the school")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q18_resp", "let your child work it out")
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q18_resp", "take your child to a counselor")
{qqMC1 == 1 || qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC11_help_bully", "true")
{qqMC1 == 0 || qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC11_help_bully", "false")
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("authoritarian", model.authoritarian + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("authoritative", model.authoritative + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("neglectful", model.neglectful + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 3} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
model.MC11_bully == "true"

You were at {model.babyName}’s school to pick {model.baby_him_her} up after school when you witnessed something terrible. There was a huddle of boys by the swings and two of them broke away from the crowd. One boy was backing away and starting to cry. Another one was yelling names at him and laughing. The other children in the group started laughing too. School had been over for a while and there were no teachers around.

model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && model.MC5_homeschool == "false"

{model.babyName} came home from school today upset because her best friend, {model.friend1Name_gr1}, went home early from school because she found out that other girls were sending around pictures and stories about her on their phones. They were calling her terrible names that you didn’t even realize that {model.babyName} had ever heard before.

model.baby_boy_girl == "girl" && model.MC5_homeschool == "false"

You were at the YMCA to pick up {model.babyName} after swimming lessons when you witnessed something terrible. You recognized some of the children from the school where {model.babyName} used to go to school before {model.baby_he_she} started homeschooling. There was a huddle of girls by the doors and two of them broke away from the crowd. One girl was backing away and starting to cry. Another one was yelling names at her and laughing. The other girls in the group started laughing too. There were no other adults around.

model.baby_boy_girl == "girl" && model.MC5_homeschool == "true"

You were at the YMCA to pick up {model.babyName} after swimming lessons when you witnessed something terrible. You recognized some of the children from the school where {model.babyName} used to go to school before {model.baby_he_she} started homeschooling. There was a huddle of boys by the doors and two of them broke away from the crowd. One boy was backing away and starting to cry. Another one was yelling names at him and laughing. The other boys in the group started laughing too. There were no other adults around.

model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && model.MC5_homeschool == "true"

Question 1.34

F5/oWvj2h6qAnWE6uRJdKRXGKaawhHFE9yagjlVQLCngU4Rec0Ync0K+zLgVMseTUKvRbhM4FlupQM8S1Vel4q2IvZY9SmneZW7R28DyDB4eUwIQ9lLTj2zWPiAXkO38OItVha6rZoxMGpvcbEJb1Qj19LOjAwF8KvAYdGRdfrxN+CiAoicFw+4Y8sqiYM2KihwJmiAlcvawkRHvy10Tl0wUeYTU6Cl+r5KRz+u8O2VPq7K/770hb+N/NQISXWdRGFatMUPjVQ0e5LGzmv5TAZ25wAz6WCrcmMLI9DRHH9Sp4E6nrTsF6WGCDDbiGkaLL0P0PAQwL/LzVyGPVLWIkjHcSIRg/6lvVZY4kFl/neU1MuruJyr4GoD+LtF7hSRV2QCiq9l7GbPJW/tdq5zrCHFJ6dzoijrPf2bUSABNCSvazKDZEAO6hnCEZjEYW3fyNZx/0uh+cj2PoWqy7FND71tN8FTM/m166K1I91o3Rfu8e/gCFnPT8A+v7bJjND07qkKbeF/8zHNad53FPoUmQJ7ez6RCyC1KlGGDkUtZZy27HsbcFOEchyuk5Xf1fL1FtWpAo6FSq+NYA91+9cuzn0prVBCncNGink/iQCz+YSzBLf4/qO8x0Gem6rJSAr1u1uMb7HV+jc2Lw3Arc8L3kw1NYxkpI0UFYNv7A48aiSSyN1Ujj1xcC08M3jyuPQMF/AC5wCKlbu+2vIEMB9jDkvYk1gnDeCftKmq53GJYSoTOBosqa0JRmNYrbuMboCC1d2h/Uy2x618eaWwtes2/uF12Y2HB6sf4joSTqNVISWckp6VxniEB9m1FmiUCRF5wrLnjzZ4GxuxtR2zzeSAP/Q9oP2aZecEtMp3baWTsFDR3jmHMkzXEduwSg9grBCXWExBU4LmoN6Lv/mfbEmz4yB0o0Fg51Nkw4R9/yitcFMjnu+f/Fs6/B4gH1wxQibgy42VtgsJkaDCgRDJv64oWh8lGcYEb3MxAVi+ajGF0sMCVoXt+OXP74SJCUlbwyr0CUBwxOHmAtd9N6iKpQZVjlHOEiBEYMwQDldEjWxG41rtPII2OTSwnng9ajox8o8k7SrRyiL2OasUWguBIQIkBPPScCzETez02tvaqd7RQK2dD5LFfRNmIyf78Ipoq6g577EFxeOV/nEjkvmM146ds4qpEf4dfdhcAxjRKrhF29Mx9+TdvDHXt0VNcYJ8CAxA0fQZwLoxGmt/JvKwpobNpx5uBMHDdSDQQ74QHiibiD8z765hul3X6oe2ddpTYwhQn79yEerDUMAF+h5oesBCxhbG1pui9l7Z58oBzJbjUrORQbdOvI6di8OwuBW5E5DA5D0aCLXDBfUUm8sxsras+P+riGap7qkON4L+IDcHL2UNuZs81Tbhpsdo0lm7nE1fK4GTgp62ijR4GptoYUf5JSYhXxF7Ohdk6yW4y8EKNypf32J7v78ujvVDJGpQvFIaivg70IH0VeJZo3UTaUkP5sKOZ3Hx44um97OtGS6viuBiozjTXkI+fWX/hxvlhwavSkV3nraBqCHoi/u9C4b4F/VZdPPvE8/vzYd67A5Ra7TmzhW/Zo/v1fjVXkV48v0a6Au2yVAxxcTW7sURA51xS4svKOGFbA/7oW7xuY09JQNm+FKnc4eSHPdF9riISWEUmoGFLmd4AbcuIjWBoVQ/YJrEP16KMkTBAewZJE4OMpAw3vqAkNMrGW6njwJF2DNRhSSU8cL+3RuEsCd9HqLcvjDOHc6zoy0Z2MnQnfrh75m6/3XZw27awObGQiuOAroBBr7d3y6QVdmqzrO0Ex7N8flLUbpxMsomMn6+Y1EUl3r6NnFkf3tqhLhOH5hu0zy5tL9vbf1R3ja1qW0uubF44Eg4hD6G2w+eLo/R4bTsYPqg5kwBenCnQZwFQIVdFifVXco7wkoFuH9jJF1Nz1zHHUt/TwwvhBnFd14g5X+vwqhapCs2g/EnXmWK3kNSuoumS6t1ra2DwEDRxM9p8US4PfSRGVqvFuWeQoRuE5GWL8uLzLZea8pdXDYvzuvSU6WAJQ0wgOTEJqZeq9wmd+vJ1s2RalNaXDeEgbGhU4xq6Ct/pSvJvrDK6swzYYZUCGqAMwbxTVc5QumzpQ4f/rsbe3uJGcZucZLDTJHsQ3Kl7Nv0kibGfCkiJGar3gnyK3u04JLT7XP1uEyu+puGlgoRdEJ5aqE4n68ZsQnqewSAYW7dBSTlCa3uhRQxJLEBomS5eGLxAerAWGo2Bs/mlPxWEm9AOjJ7n6WtDTiW7Y4m24egfk+UmI0/XdzvGnVHz5K8Nc2MgKgTJsfob9qZw8tlx4xPuP2EaeZ3rf9c0aRG6krue3VP3BmoknZEOrVQa3Sem1sizAQBASuwiyibM3UxEEG+B+CU1wDvBqsWEX6R/LjAPk56sbOr1s7pNbWpeBwWGEFMzry2uvOqDJXyvcLIVOwMYt3jTnrbo6p46IwRznupTERqmS0981js8ZTxU+b8B4NrBXVXoXt52k7DJSBIrAoPX72+QIqBly6xK5a6WCpuhCxQryd4TcjDuYE4RcGMyuzQ7uaIbm8O0tHFsExoeepChfy4+8wl6+XuWx2P2r/FhU1FSF6nKw7ZG7iz0W/hA5wpkn84Q6UjXll3bhKmbRsTT0wRt5RVrUlyDCRxZNLC0Uj4NGY/L9AQFIl0y5Y6hd/N3C206LI+Qbi4KRMiPxlsSS9NegY9hEuqnEsoTqPr2FeZgtYIi93F4x+gM1chDEubDBsKfaOYgczVr1p+l7pX+Ons62gxL2Ahs4aypig4kOoVZAHA5Eols27IRdRYen+YO3kDhDAU67nzhTiWqeM8O3oJMjVS9rDclueg2NdTIQ+RfHl7cwC1FBukOtSEYF8igkDwbfhYoRrzX5I/BbprWAEqRMDGvzMWm/OWZm4M1rHAAvPgO+DOMLpUl/d2zeW+WMQ==
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q19", "Not bully, not victum. What to do?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q19_resp", "Let the kids work it out on their own")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q19_resp", "make an appointment to go to the school")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
model.MC11_bully != "true" && model.MC11_victim != "true"

Explain

Bullying can be made up of physical, verbal or relational aggression. It can happen in person, or online, as in cyberbullying. But most frequently bullying happens in school. Many children have been either the victim or the perpetrator of bullying.

How Often Are Children Bullied?

The children most likely to become involved in bullying (as either bullies or victims) are those who lack social skills and are less popular. However, bullies may not always be un-popular. They can also be children who are extremely popular, even social leaders, who use bullying tactics to maintain their social popularity. (Think about the movie Mean Girls.) However, regardless of whether a bully is popular or unpopular, the long-term outcome for them is not good. Bullies end up having challenges in their personal relationships later in life, end up with more frequent problems with substance use and have higher rates of criminal behavior. Being willing to hurt other children for your own gain is not a good recipe for success (Copeland et al, 2013).

In general, bullies report having harsher parenting than other children and tend to have been the victims of abuse more frequently. Individual programs to prevent bullying tend to focus on helping individual children and their parents develop stronger relationships. Researcher Alan Kazdin has been extremely successful coaching parents of children with conduct disorders to focus on shaping their child’s behavior using positive reinforcement, practice and consistent reinforcement (Kazdin, 2008).

Being bullied is, not surprisingly, not good for children. Victims of bullying tend to have long-term problems with depression, anxiety and even suicide (Copeland et al, 2013). And many victims of bullying end up being bullies themselves.

Frequently, both bullies and victims are socially rejected either because they are aggressive-rejected (children who are too angry and confrontational in social situations) or withdrawn-rejected (children who are extremely anxious and shy).

However, children can be bullied for any number of reasons that don’t have to do with their personality—including their ethnicity, their weight, their sexual orientation or their disability. Children who have disabilities, or are perceived as LBTQ, have rates of bullying that range as high as 80% in some studies.

Over the past decades, substantial efforts have been made to target bullying in schools. Some of the results have been encouraging. Others have been harmful. Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus created the most famous and well-respected bullying prevention program—one that has become a model and is used in hundreds of schools around the world. The goal of the Olweus program, or other successful programs, is to change the entire school climate—not just target the victims or the bullies. Successful programs create a school climate where every student understands that respect and compassion are expected from everyone—and every student and teacher feels empowered to intervene. Programs that are high-stakes or “zero tolerance,” where bullies are punished extremely harshly, tend to be less effective, because these programs do not address the overall school climate.

Sources: W Copeland, et al, “Adult Psychiatric Outcomes of Bullying and Being Bullied by Peers in Childhood and Adolescence,” JAMA Psychiatry, 70(4): 419-426, Feb 2013.

Kazdin, Alan E., The Kazdin Method for Parenting the Defiant Child, Mariner Books, 2008.

Look Inside

Bullying tends to increase between the 5th and 7th grade, which corresponds to the time when children transition to middle school. This increase in many cases is tied to the transition to middle school, where social groups are reforming and children are struggling to find a place in the peer social hierarchy.

Prosocial moral reasoning—deciding whether to share or help others—moves through a stage-like progression between the preschool and middle childhood years. Whereas a preschool child will decide to share or help others if there is little or no inconvenience to the self, the typical 11-year-old is much more empathic and attuned to social norms for helping others.

This video reviews what we understand about friendship and peers in middle childhood.

Continue

MC12

So Many Ways To Do the Right Thing

MC12
true
mc12
{true} setModel("MC12_feedback12", "Monitoring what is going on with your child is one of the most effective ways to stay connected. Parents who know where their children are, and who are on top of all the details of their children’s lives, tend to have kids with fewer behavior problems and more school success. Keeping attached to your child can take many forms—from text messages to chats in the car or while doing the dishes—but the outcome is open and frequent conversations. This open relationship will help your child turn to you in times of trouble—and help " + model.baby_him_her + " internalize your expectations for their behavior.")
{true} setModel("MC12_feedback3", "High expectations are one key predictor of a child’s success. Parents who don’t expect very much of their children, unsurprisingly, tend to end up with children who don’t go as far in school as parents who clearly communicate to their children their high expectations.")
{true} setModel("MC12_feedback4", "Spending special time with children is one of the ways parents can show that they are invested in parenting. And it doesn’t have to be expensive tickets to a basketball game. Even taking your child to a free puppet show or to the library can open " + model.baby_his_her + " eyes to the world and show " + model.baby_him_her + " that you are interested and invested in " + model.baby_him_her + ".")
{true} setModel("MC12_feedback5", "No parent can control everything about how their children turn out. Parents provide only one piece of the puzzle—the social and cultural environment, often out of the control of the parent, and the child’s own genetic factors play an important role in how children develop. But parents who believe that they can have an impact on their child’s outcome tend to have children with better outcomes. Just as with children, having a sense of competence and self-efficacy as a parent can make us better parents.")
{model.userSingleFemale != "true" && model.userSingleMale == "false"} setModel("MC12_Q6", "How frequently is there conflict between you and your partner?")
{model.userSingleFemale == "true" || model.userSingleMale == "true"} setModel("MC12_Q6", "How frequently are you actively stressed?")
{true} setModel("MC12_feedback6", "Adult conflict or stress isn’t good for parents or children. In the worst cases, marital violence or violence between couples can create stress, depression, and even aggression in children. Parents who can’t regulate their own emotions, and who may have challenging personality characteristics, are also mode" + "ling these behaviors for their children. And, for parents who are partnered, while all couples argue from time-to-time, excessive conflict between parents can distract parents from being able to focus and take care of their children. If you’re fighting a lot with your partner—or under a lot of stress—get help.")
{true} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", 0)
{true} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring_score", "Average")
{true} setModel("MC12_parental_expectations_score", "Average")
{true} setModel("MC12_parental_stress_score", "Average")

So Many Ways To Do the Right Thing

Learn More

3775574447001,3775569106001,3775555247001,lm_mc_SA1,lm_mc_SA2
Mom and young daughter working on an art project at a table, smiling at each other.
model.baby_boy_girl == "girl"
Father and son riding bikes in a field
model.baby_boy_girl == "boy"

{model.babyName} is about to go into fifth grade with lots of testing on the horizon. Now it is time to turn the tables and see how you are doing as a parent. Let’s see whether you’re making the grade.

model.MC4_school_choice != "Homeschooling"

{model.babyName} is about to go into fifth grade and is learning a lot. Now it is time to turn the tables and see how you are doing as a parent. Let’s see whether you’re making the grade.

model.MC4_school_choice == "Homeschooling"

Question 1.35

aWHn3z7x05gwVfn0vT/ATmM9KMteUJ/usE+/G19gX3DkL2Mj8s9N50W1fHw7joaRL9YVUZeUOkHE555Xo8kFNhFfGev6OK8m6ohVomxyQZlMDwTHxq9Ji/zuPw1DUPvy15dwxnSEPsBSXr/H39TWFOz5C2cIJB0TLNFMK9iGxqrkt7AP7MPttchoqA+Rq+DaKIyR88Hx7rPjTidYvkYe3ATzIj5Cn70A4+GOV0Jf+YGy66MxFxWRJmwMzXADr3tH17POxo1hZTo= DM5+e0F6Piw8y+Nf+h3n3yT8HJwBaUk8HESRzyg3JI7PlI2ChY3KX814Xe+PbGqJwD6XXWTog6cowI8H1DmfIEh9Da+9ehCVtmc6VbyKZFx55z4orQmUtzTrPAI15LR4BcWq+dbqZsVMPn/AYztTGPz1mGdFHP7dmjw9CmHekVNBiXanqZ8S9nrGRbE76lL8V7tGWep1SvJ4Tk0lK232xGolCAM6L8tRdnHPq1ocVeLVK9L6IeEBpfNJ7+L9g3uH+BiDlnKL+20rchlY8GBAChdkkZ1n4VE4TgY5pEvsfNnSXVfgRkpYU5rHeHTFimQ+dnwzLz9crqoUJmgzLTitI3rOGsfP+G3SBaOeam6POeLNViXDk7qp2OH1niF9ZZe/8Ys64gcxRC0FdmA6
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q20", "Non-homeschooling: do you know child's friends?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q20_resp", "no idea")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q20_resp", "a little bit")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q20_resp", "know all")
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q21", "Non-homeschooling: do you know child has problems at school?")
{qqMC2==0} setModel("track_MC_Q21_resp", "no idea")
{qqMC2==1} setModel("track_MC_Q21_resp", "a little bit")
{qqMC2==2} setModel("track_MC_Q21_resp", "know all")
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", model.MC12_parental_monitoring - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("neglectful", model.neglectful + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", model.MC12_parental_monitoring + 1.0)
{qqMC2 == 0} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC2 == 0} setModel("neglectful", model.neglectful + 1.0)
{qqMC2 == 0} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", model.MC12_parental_monitoring - 1.0)
{qqMC2 == 2} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{qqMC2 == 2} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", model.MC12_parental_monitoring + 1.0)
model.MC4_school_choice != "Homeschooling"

Question 1.36

CdFutjUluHbf5P8nJCb4RmGpTiZxOJpMMte4SmgPRYcJNAgtQiZu02SVAOOuPMX+v2RLaY3xpClfx0R2OPw6cso50j95q6yMk1ho8JTKEaDfaVlhp5SwTJO4nAWfkTljHd3YguRTM89/6qcthMls8MfIQ7Ss2aNLOO3lQ1FJk8RhvCSz15vjuO33YbTsOcPdwSBZK99Q7S+6z6pjbCxbuds8tlhlE7AYH8QUaGgYBbG56KcOQNbEJbBSFeuA1bWfk2CaM0vA5O1J5rM/8kUeWM9BO9jPhW4Vgcb7O/aHHTkjzGty3Glrtq2RS2dEavXcWDpO2duE2gRMQUCi4fHFe6KV4gyJdbEPGCQR0wej49u6nDk0WuJk0w==
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", model.MC12_parental_monitoring - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("neglectful", model.neglectful + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", model.MC12_parental_monitoring + 1.0)
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q22", "homeschooling: do you know child has problems at school?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q22_resp", "no idea")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q22_resp", "a little bit")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q22_resp", "know all")
model.MC4_school_choice == "Homeschooling"

Question 1.37

nCIYoIUNu8qrS1JqmsCZ0KNppryc8+wkjsM0rxe/45pnwm5cN5eJscIks/DWx2PSfL9h05MVDn6oUlduYBIKVLLoox3bmSEq1+X2Py2qQIB86sOQWV557ggEVx0LKo9CNoOBIdcxkBMYsZrt1NImnE2V4yniofqiPgOtsXxKxVX1bXny9Oy+dQNvXkbRcsXP5M0N3K8x0XYJpQQSZzEm9AXgJfSGtytOkVXBD/EsN9Ijjeb+5eXIFAq8qQfWEtCvJdoavtJtz3pRoyHKz9ezoaWKmjG+ISh+TXsFGWkcpPuVH23P0nge2V1zDufwpokLVSp9tvpY5bnBixTs7/T2+Tr2Icb88maM38iYXq4l9VhA+2INZxW5AstoSdy1RHQTnaDjyo5FuMph27leB4VwviqePRQWfh+FIlvXVFbvi2+3RZ5h7SldJ4EtHOQni38YhsMTLx+UVd0H/xOQ0dnhyy5svHGaNLYgNBzCvutnB1DXYjie6yHEwllMhVbEW0bJWVz9Vb4E4y1SdN5iXnWR2Rr9uHE5ub0vWR8Kuv8hg96YBEZ3uA8JuSZ3IWZU2b2r77nLWH2ojEo=
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC12_parent_expectations", "low")
{true} setModel("MC12_parent_expect_highschool", "false")
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC12_parent_expect_highschool", "true")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC12_parent_expectations", "average")
{qqMC1 == 2 || qqMC1 == 3} setModel("MC12_parent_expectations", "high")
{qqMC1 == 2 || qqMC1 == 3} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q23", "educational expectations?")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q23_resp", "finish highschool")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q23_resp", "finish 2 years college")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q23_resp", "finish college")
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q23_resp", "get grad or prof degree")

Question 1.38

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
{qqMC1 != 7} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 7} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q24", "enriching event")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "religious")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "library")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "concert")
{qqMC1==3} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "museum")
{qqMC1==4} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "zoo")
{qqMC1==5} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "athletic event")
{qqMC1==6} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "other event")
{qqMC1==7} setModel("track_MC_Q24_resp", "nothing")

Question 1.39

kLGIRODH4jJtyE5D+scKMBeVrhPn0SbDlilT6b6AsMY4hrvGZ+K40iMlvrlYC8LdezF/uiXfu4sWg6NlS8hvOt081H3ar2hRvSSa/SS1yUkzWtLn5nIPVjTNtktiKKort592GJaO9a2npvAQQUjb/eO0vAc1VZPa2ngsU8nJa4EiJGoE4f6IFzz4dow0ZhCokR9LgmYPejA+LwCrSUFtBA2/ERlsuRqHfUPBaowqaWnB4YiUwB9vRCZqXJj8fyCbcd4lqHjd+xGb7Hz9Tq4XImrrKuWJlRTzIykMp+gg944KEgoqk/QjamAUVsCIEf6IAMvGC/7mZyz35XjslYIiLIN91XbpolGc2tgJODMQFEOHWdBq1bInbpkeQMqNv5LI+Xr4kA==
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score - 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("parenting_score", model.parenting_score + 1.0)
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q25", "parental influence")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q25_resp", "no control")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q25_resp", "some control")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q25_resp", "a lot of control")

Question 1.40

oHHb6kFClBSrZnFlD+L+WbtFb4PXEOa/LBnRU2b8adg7SEFZQ47n05tux4DpgYyuY+hdwhWv6r0/0//ekSRn/Pb8jblgM/2BYCa2ifAOvYA1hbsJDnd+1gsNEhs1JZ3erAAltuKgXk2qNRWHjbCwjwa8GrLLn0dnb+CWd0sYhQjWYRjedNEyOnelJQY9sB3+j8fr+mU9DRMWx8fu4t9JvTtfKGlKKtRuznY/nd6ri4GNFqgAfiPxAFiXLNAKrWmhNB8B5anXgy0Y6g42vquqiFnO7QzChxxnIIslD+UwjaTMt4n4Ap/tr+Jwl+U=
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("MC12_parent_stress", "High")
{qqMC1 == 1} setModel("MC12_parent_stress", "Average")
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("MC12_parent_stress", "Low")
{qqMC1 == 0} setModel("stress", model.stress + 1.0)
{qqMC1 == 2} setModel("stress", model.stress - 1.0)
{true} setModel("track_MC_Q26", "parental stress")
{qqMC1==0} setModel("track_MC_Q26_resp", "all the time")
{qqMC1==1} setModel("track_MC_Q26_resp", "some of the time")
{qqMC1==2} setModel("track_MC_Q26_resp", "none of the time")

How did you do? You can to check out your parenting report card in the Memory Book before you go much farther. See if there are things you can improve before your little one enters the teen years. You’ll get a chance to change your scores in later events. Now you’re about to see how your parenting skill and effort (and that of your child’s) are going to show up in {model.baby_his_her} last elementary school report card.

Explain

Being a parent is hard work. And complicated. And this is only a simulation! Imagine how hard it is in real life. Researchers measure parents on a number of scales. In the early childhood module, you learned about the classic Diana Baumrind parenting styles—authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful. And in the infants and toddlers module, you learned about proximal and distal parenting. In this module, we’ve focused on 3 other aspects of parenting that are particularly important as your child matures into an adolescent: parental monitoring, parental expectations and parental stress. All of these can have a crucial impact on children’s happiness and success.

In small children, parental monitoring takes the form of actively keeping an eye your little one: making sure a toddler doesn’t end up in the medicine cabinet or a kindergartener doesn’t wander into traffic. As children grow older, monitoring takes a different form and sometimes doesn’t even need to involve eye contact. In the elementary school years, parents who score high in parental monitoring have an idea of what their children do every day, who their friends are, and what they do in school (and after school) every day. When kids come home after school, children may tell them they did “nothing” in school all day, but parents who are effective at monitoring their children know how to get beyond “nothing” to find out what happened at recess, whether there was bullying, a substitute teacher, or pizza for lunch. This ability to communicate will become particularly important as children enter adolescence. Teens whose parents effectively monitor their behavior do better in school, and also have lower rates of “problem” behaviors from substance abuse to teen pregnancy (Dishion et al 1998).

Parental expectations are an important variable in student success. Parents with high expectations end up providing more support for their children’s learning by providing more enrichment and communication about school—things like tutoring, after-school lessons, and conversations about homework. Their children spend more time in school—and stay in school longer with better grades. However, no matter how high the expectation of parents, if the relationship between parent and child isn’t close (remember the importance of parental monitoring), no amount of enrichment or hopes for a doctoral degree are going to make up for it.

Parents' Expectations For Their Kids, By Parent Characteristics
What Have Parents Done With Their Children In the Past Month?

Unsurprisingly, children whose parents are in happy relationships—whether those relationships are traditional married couples or unmarried cohabiting partners—tend to be happier themselves than children whose parents are stressed. Also unsurprisingly, parental stress generally leads to problematic parenting, which can lead to higher risks of everything from aggression in preschoolers to dropping out of school in adolescents (Barry, Dunlap, Cotton, Lochman, & Wells, 2005; McLoyd, 1998). But remember, happy relationships include some conflict: the ideal is not that weeks pass without an argument or a disagreement—but that most of the time together is supportive.

How Do Parents' Relationships Relate to Levels of Problem Behavior In Children?

Look Inside

As the child moves through middle childhood, friends become increasingly important as a source of influence on peer relationships. But this doesn't mean that parents are no longer important. When parents use coercive control at home, their children tend to be more aggressive with peers, have poorer social skills, and are at higher risk for peer rejection.

Review what we understand about parenting during middle childhood in this video.

Continue

MC12a

Parenting Report Card: Middle Childhood Edition

MC12a
true
mc12a
{true} player.setChildAge( "11y" )
{true} setModel("partnerAgeValueUpdated", model.partnerAgeValue + 11)
{true} setModel("userAgeValueUpdated", model.userAgeValue + 11)
{true} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring", model.MC12_parental_monitoring - model.permissive - model.neglectful + model.parenting_score)
{model.MC12_parental_monitoring < -1} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring_score", "Low")
{model.MC12_parental_monitoring > 5} setModel("MC12_parental_monitoring_score", "High")
{model.MC12_parental_monitoring_score == "High"} setModel("MC12a_monitoring", "Great job! Looks like your choices put you solidly in the high monitoring range.")
{model.MC12_parental_monitoring_score == "Average"} setModel("MC12a_monitoring", "It looks like you are fairly typical in terms of monitoring. Some room for improvement – a closer relationship with your child can be rewarding for you and for " + model.baby_him_her + ".")
{model.MC12_parental_monitoring_score == "Low"} setModel("MC12a_monitoring", "It looks like your answers make it seem as if you are in the lower-range in terms of how close you are with your child. Remember that the more you keep tabs on your child and the closer your relationship—the richer your relationship should be and the better your child’s outcomes in terms of school and personal success.")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "above average" || (model.SEClass != "L" && (model.userStudent == "true" || model.partnerStudent == "true")) || (model.SEClass == "L" && model.userStudent == "true" && model.partnerStudent == "true")} setModel("MC12_parental_expectations_score", "High")
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average" && model.SEClass != "H"} setModel("MC12_parental_expectations_score", "Low")
MC12_parent_expect_highschool
{model.MC12_parent_expect_highschool == "true"} setModel("MC12_parental_expectations_score", "Low")
{true} setModel("MC12a_expectations", "")
{model.MC12_parental_expectations_score == "High" && model.MC12_parent_expectations == "high"} setModel("MC12a_expectations", "Great job! Looks like you have high expectations for " + model.babyName + ".")
{model.MC12_parental_expectations_score == "Low" && model.MC12_parent_expectations == "low"} setModel("MC12a_expectations", "It looks like you have lower expectations for " + model.babyName + ". Remember that the higher your expectations—the better the changes for your child to succeed.")
{(model.MC12_parental_expectations_score == "High" && model.MC12_parent_expectations == "low") || (model.MC12_parental_expectations_score == "Low" && model.MC12_parent_expectations == "high")} setModel("MC12_parental_expectations_score", "Average")
{true} setModel("MC12_parental_stress_score", model.MC12_parent_stress)
{model.stress < 2 && model.MC12_parent_stress != "High"} setModel("MC12_parental_stress_score", "Low")
{model.stress < 2 && model.MC12_parent_stress == "High"} setModel("MC12_parental_stress_score", "Average")
{model.stress > 5.99 && model.MC12_parent_stress == "Low"} setModel("MC12_parental_stress_score", "Average")
{model.stress > 5.99 && model.MC12_parent_stress != "Low"} setModel("MC12_parental_stress_score", "High")

Look Inside

Review what we understand about parenting during middle childhood in this video.

Learn More

3775574447001,3775569106001,3775555247001

Parenting Report Card: Middle Childhood Edition

Your Parental Monitoring: {model.MC12_parental_monitoring_score}

Monitoring what is going on with your child is one of the most effective ways to stay connected. Parents who know where their children are, and who are on top of all the details of their children’s lives, tend to have kids with fewer behavior problems and more school success. Keeping attached to your child can take many forms—from text messages to chats in the car or while doing the dishes—but the outcome is open and frequent conversations. This open relationship will help your child turn to you in times of trouble—and help {model.baby_him_her} internalize your expectations for their behavior.

And remember, you may not be the only parent who needs to have a good relationship with your child. In real life, your child may have two or more parents (and probably other important adults, siblings, caretakers or relatives) who will need to keep in touch with them.

How did you do? {model.MC12a_monitoring}

Your Parenting Expectations: {model.MC12_parental_expectations_score}

{model.MC12a_expectations}

Parental expectations are a key variable in student success. Parents with high expectations and who believe they have a strong influence on their child’s success provide more support for their children’s learning by providing more enrichment and communication about school.

Your Level of Stress: {model.MC12_parental_stress_score}

Stress builds over time—and can come from a variety of sources. So you may see that even if you chose “low stress” choices in this activity, your stress levels are still coming in a bit high. That’s because you may not be realizing some of the stress you’re under—or the choices you made in earlier decisions that are adding to your stress. For parents, stress can come from relationship issues, financial issues, job responsibilities, health challenges or even from the children themselves. Parents of kids with behavioral problems tend to have more stress than parents of children without any behavioral or emotional challenges. The more stress on parents, the harder it is to parent effectively. Parental stress can lead to problematic parenting, which can lead to higher risks of everything from aggression in preschoolers to dropping out of school in adolescents.

What to do? Identify the causes of your stress and try to create a plan to improve them. If you are struggling financially, maybe more education could lead to a better job. If your job is taking too much time away from your family, maybe there is another, more flexible job. And if your relationships are causing you strain, perhaps there are things you can do—from therapy to more time having fun together—that could improve your life and the life of your child.

Continue

MC13

The End of Middle Childhood

MC13
true
mc13
{model.r100 < 90} setModel("MC13_grade5TeacherName", "Mrs. Jones")
{model.r100 > 89} setModel("MC13_grade5TeacherName", "Mr. Jones")
{model.MC1_immunization != "full"} setModel("MC13_immunization_achieve", "Not yet")
{model.MC1_immunization == "full"} setModel("MC13_immunization_achieve", "Achieved")
{model.MC13_immunization_achieve != "Achieved"} setModel("MC13_immunization_rec", "Being fully immunized is a great choice for your child’s health—if your child isn’t fully immunized " + model.baby_he_she + " can catch up at " + model.baby_his_her + " next office visit.")
{model.MC13_immunization_achieve == "Achieved"} setModel("MC13_immunization_rec", "Great work! ")
{model.MC13_immunization_achieve == "Achieved"} setModel("MC13_immunization_color", "it17_report_green")
{model.MC13_immunization_achieve != "Achieved"} setModel("MC13_immunization_color", "it17_report_red")
{true} setModel("MC13_health_achieve", "")
{true} setModel("MC13_health_achieve1", "")
{true} setModel("MC13_health_achieve2", "")
{true} setModel("MC13_health_achieve3", "")
{true} setModel("count", 0)
{model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true"} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.MC1_asthma == "true"} setModel("count", model.count + 1)
{model.ADHD == "false" && model.MC3_learning_disorder == "false" && model.MC1_asthma == "false"} setModel("MC13_health_achieve", "None")
{model.ADHD == "true"} setModel("MC13_health_achieve1", "ADHD")
{model.MC3_learning_disorder == "true"} setModel("MC13_health_achieve2", "Learning Disability")
{model.MC1_asthma == "true"} setModel("MC13_health_achieve3", "Asthma")
{true} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", "")
{model.MC13_health_achieve == "None"} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", model.MC13_health_achieve)
{model.MC13_health_achieve1 != "" && model.count > 1} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", model.MC13_health_achieve_string + model.MC13_health_achieve1 + ", ")
{model.MC13_health_achieve1 != "" && model.count < 2} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", model.MC13_health_achieve_string + model.MC13_health_achieve1)
{model.MC13_health_achieve1 != "" && model.count > 1} setModel("count", model.count - 1)
{model.MC13_health_achieve2 != "" && model.count > 1} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", model.MC13_health_achieve_string + model.MC13_health_achieve2 + ", ")
{model.MC13_health_achieve2 != "" && model.count < 2} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", model.MC13_health_achieve_string + model.MC13_health_achieve2)
{model.MC13_health_achieve2 != "" && model.count > 1} setModel("count", model.count - 1)
{model.MC13_health_achieve3 != "" && model.count > 1} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", model.MC13_health_achieve_string + model.MC13_health_achieve3 + ", ")
{model.MC13_health_achieve3 != "" && model.count < 2} setModel("MC13_health_achieve_string", model.MC13_health_achieve_string + model.MC13_health_achieve3)
{model.MC13_health_achieve3 != "" && model.count > 1} setModel("count", model.count - 1)
{model.childData.bmi < 15} setModel("MC13_BMI_range", "Very thin or underweight")
{model.childData.bmi > 14.99 && model.childData.bmi < 21} setModel("MC13_BMI_range", "Healthy weight")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && model.childData.bmi > 20.99 && model.childData.bmi < 24.01} setModel("MC13_BMI_range", "Overweight")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "girl" && model.childData.bmi > 20.99 && model.childData.bmi < 25.01} setModel("MC13_BMI_range", "Overweight")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "boy" && model.childData.bmi > 24} setModel("MC13_BMI_range", "Very Overweight")
{model.baby_boy_girl == "girl" && model.childData.bmi > 25} setModel("MC13_BMI_range", "Very Overweight")
{true} setModel("MC13_BMI_rec", "")
{model.MC13_BMI_range != "Healthy weight"} setModel("MC13_BMI_color", "it17_report_yellow")
{model.MC13_BMI_range == "Healthy weight"} setModel("MC13_BMI_color", "it17_report_green")
{model.MC13_BMI_range == "Very Overweight"} setModel("MC13_BMI_color", "it17_report_red")
{model.MC13_BMI_range != "Healthy weight"} setModel("MC13_BMI_rec", "The next few years can be a great time to maintain or improve health habits and choices. In the United States, very few children are malnourished but between 15 and 20 percent of kids are overweight or obese which can take a toll on health, social and motor development as children grow up.")
{model.MC13_BMI_range == "Healthy weight"} setModel("MC13_BMI_rec", "Your child’s weight is healthy.")
{true} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", 0)
{model.MC13_BMI_range == "Overweight"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score - 1)
{model.MC13_BMI_range == "Very Overweight"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score - 2)
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score - 1)
{model.IT7_preschool_quality != "good"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score - 1)
{model.userPhysicalSkills == 3} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score + 2)
{model.partnerPhysicalSkills == 3} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score + 2)
{model.MC1_activity == "veryactive"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score + 1)
{true} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_score", model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score + 41)
{true} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_group", "Healthy Zone")
{model.MC13_Physical_Activity_score < 40.01} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_group", "Needs Improvement")
{true} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_color", "it17_report_green")
{model.MC13_Physical_Activity_group == "Needs Improvement"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_color", "it17_report_yellow")
{true} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_rec", "")
{model.MC13_Physical_Activity_group == "Needs Improvement"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_rec", "Your child didn’t quite manage to run long enough or fast enough to demonstrate " + model.baby_his_her + " aerobic capacity on the PACER test, a test that is now part of national standards for physical education. The standards recommend that children’s aerobic capacity be tested regularly. Students are now tested on the PACER test, which involves running, sprinting, or walking across the gym for about a mile.")
{model.MC13_Physical_Activity_group == "Healthy Zone"} setModel("MC13_Physical_Activity_rec", "Good work! The standards recommend that children’s aerobic capacity be tested regularly. Students are now tested on the PACER test, which involves running, sprinting or walking across the gym for about a mile.")
{true} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", 0)
{model.MC3_dyslexia == "true"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score - 1)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score - 1)
{model.literacy_parental_enrichment == 3} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score + 2)
{model.parenting_score < 0} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score - 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score + 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality != "good"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score - 1)
{model.parent_high_educ == "true"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score + 1)
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score - 1)
{model.ADHD == "true" || model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_score", model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score - 1)
{true} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_grade", "Proficient")
{model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score < -1.99} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_grade", "Basic")
{model.MC13_Reading_Skills_score > 3.99} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_grade", "Advanced")
{true} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_color", "it17_report_green")
{model.MC13_Reading_Skills_grade == "Basic"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_color", "it17_report_yellow")
{model.MC13_Reading_Skills_grade == "Advanced"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_color", "it17_report_blue")
{true} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_rec", "")
{model.MC13_Reading_Skills_grade == "Basic"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_rec", model.babyName + " can read and figure out the meaning of some new words from context, but isn’t able to make complex inferences from what " + model.baby_he_she + " is reading. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is not quite up to the standards for what the schools expect from a usual fifth grader. Think about scheduling time to talk to a teacher about getting some extra help and definitely making more time to read.")
{model.MC13_Reading_Skills_grade == "Proficient"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_rec", model.babyName + " is able to read and interpret what " + model.baby_he_she + " is reading.")
{model.MC13_Reading_Skills_grade == "Advanced"} setModel("MC13_Reading_Skills_rec", model.babyName + " is able to read, analyze and make sophisticated inferences about what " + model.baby_he_she + " is reading.")
{true} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", 0)
{model.SLD_math == "true" && (model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "Emergent" || model.EC12_math_gr1_achieve == "At risk")} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score - 1)
{model.MC3_general_IQ_range == "below average"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score - 1)
{model.literacy_parental_enrichment == 3} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score + 2)
{model.parentingStyle == "authoritative" || model.parentingStyle == "authoritarian"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score + 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality == "good"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score + 1)
{model.nEC9_elementary_school_quality != "good"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score - 1)
{model.parent_high_educ == "true"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score + 1)
{model.SEClass == "L"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score - 1)
{model.ADHD == "true" || model.EC12_externalizing == "true" || model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_score", model.MC13_Math_Skills_score - 1)
{true} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_grade", "Proficient")
{model.MC13_Math_Skills_score < -1.99} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_grade", "Basic")
{model.MC13_Math_Skills_score > 3.99} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_grade", "Advanced")
{true} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_color", "it17_report_green")
{model.MC13_Math_Skills_grade == "Basic"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_color", "it17_report_yellow")
{model.MC13_Math_Skills_grade == "Advanced"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_color", "it17_report_blue")
{true} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_rec", "")
{true} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_rec_start", "Children’s math skills are assessed multiple times a year. By the time they’re in fifth grade, they are expected to do basic multiplication and division, read a thermometer and understand how to find the perimeter of a simple shape. ")
{model.MC13_Math_Skills_grade == "Basic"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_rec", model.MC13_Math_Skills_rec_start + model.babyName + " is not really as strong a math student as " + model.baby_his_her + " teacher would have hoped. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " can do basic multiplication and division but " + model.baby_he_she + " is struggling with some of the more abstract material—like fractions and basic geometry. Think about scheduling time to talk to the teacher about getting some extra help.")
{model.MC13_Math_Skills_grade == "Proficient"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_rec", model.MC13_Math_Skills_rec_start + model.babyName + " is doing math at grade level. Good work!")
{model.MC13_Math_Skills_grade == "Advanced"} setModel("MC13_Math_Skills_rec", model.MC13_Math_Skills_rec_start + model.babyName + " is doing some advanced work in mathematics. " + model.baby_He_She_cap + " is able to begin to grasp some basic algebra concepts and may benefit from some enriched instruction.")
{true} setModel("MC13_Calm_group", "Achieved")
{model.parenting_score < 0 || (model.baby_secure == "false" && model.babyMoodinessScore == "H")} setModel("MC13_Calm_group", "Emergent")
{true} setModel("MC13_Calm_color", "it17_report_green")
{model.MC13_Calm_group == "Emergent"} setModel("MC13_Calm_color", "it17_report_yellow")
{true} setModel("MC13_Calm_rec", "")
{true} setModel("MC13_Calm_rec_start", "Frustrations are inevitable at home and at school for children. Sometimes thing just don’t go your way. You don’t get picked for the school play. You miss the school bus. How quickly children are able to recover from strong emotions and how they manage them is an important part of their success in making friends and doing well in school. ")
{model.MC13_Calm_group == "Emergent"} setModel("MC13_Calm_rec", model.MC13_Calm_rec_start + model.babyName + " is having a bit more trouble than " + model.baby_his_her + " peers controlling " + model.baby_his_her + " emotions.")
{model.EC12_externalizing == "true"} setModel("MC13_Calm_rec", model.MC13_Calm_rec + model.MC13_grade5TeacherName + " reports that " + model.baby_he_she + " sometimes even hits other children in frustration.")
{model.EC12_internalizing == "true"} setModel("MC13_Calm_rec", model.MC13_Calm_rec + model.MC13_grade5TeacherName + " reports that " + model.baby_he_she + " sometimes unusually sad. You may want to try to help your child develop better emotional regulation by encouraging " + model.baby_him_her + " to talk more about " + model.baby_his_her + " feelings, expressing warmth along with appropriate limits.")
{model.MC13_Calm_group == "Achieved"} setModel("MC13_Calm_rec", "Good work! Learning how to calm yourself is one of the important tasks of early childhood. Children who can settle themselves will be better able to handle the unusual and everyday stresses that life will hand them. ")
{true} setModel("MC13_Socialize_group", "Achieved")
{(model.MC6_social_label == "rejected" || model.MC6_social_label == "neglected") || model.MC11_bully == "true" || model.MC3_ODD == "true"} setModel("MC13_Socialize_group", "Emergent")
{true} setModel("MC13_Socialize_color", "it17_report_green")
{model.MC13_Socialize_group == "Emergent"} setModel("MC13_Socialize_color", "it17_report_yellow")
{true} setModel("MC13_Socialize_rec", "")
{true} setModel("MC13_Socialize_rec_end", "By the time they are ready to enter middle school, most children are able to relate to others appropriately most of the time.")
{model.MC13_Socialize_group == "Emergent"} setModel("MC13_Socialize_rec", "As you’ve seen, " + model.babyName + " has some social challenges at school. As you get ready for middle school, you might want to work with " + model.baby_him_her + " on some interventions to help improve " + model.baby_his_her + " social relationships.")
{model.MC13_Socialize_group == "Achieved"} setModel("MC13_Socialize_rec", "As you’ve already seen, although there are some ups-and-downs, in general " + model.babyName + " seems able to make and keep friends.")

The End of Middle Childhood

Baby Avatar will load here.

Every day {model.babyName} seems like {model.baby_he_she} is getting bigger. And now {model.baby_he_she} will be entering middle school in the fall. {model.baby_He_She_cap} is almost a teenager!

At the end of fifth grade, you took {model.babyName} to the local school system to receive a full evaluation and testing to see how {model.baby_he_she} is doing compared to {model.baby_his_her} traditionally schooled peers. Here’s how {model.baby_he_she} fared.

model.MC5_homeschool == "true"

{model.MC4_school_choice}

Child's Name: {model.babyName}

Age: 11

Name of person filling out report: {model.MC13_grade5TeacherName}

Table : 5th Grade Capstone
Health
Area of Development Achievement Recommendations
Immunizations {model.MC13_immunization_achieve} {model.MC13_immunization_rec}
Known Health Problems {model.MC13_health_achieve_string}
BMI {model.MC13_BMI_range} {model.MC13_BMI_rec}
Physical Activity: The PACER {model.MC13_Physical_Activity_group} {model.MC13_Physical_Activity_rec}
Cognitive Development
Area of Development Achievement Recommendations
Reading Skills {model.MC13_Reading_Skills_grade} {model.MC13_Reading_Skills_rec}

How Many Kids Are Reaching These Levels? (Reading)
Math Skills {model.MC13_Math_Skills_grade} {model.MC13_Math_Skills_rec}

How Many Fifth Graders are Proficient in Math?

How Many Kids Are Generally Proficient in Math?
Social and Emotional Development
Area of Development Achievement Recommendations
Be calm in the face of a challenge {model.MC13_Calm_group} {model.MC13_Calm_rec}

How Often Do Young Children Stay Calm When Faced With a Challenge?
Able to make friends and socialize appropriately {model.MC13_Socialize_group} {model.MC13_Socialize_rec}

How Many Kids Have Trouble With Getting Along With Others, Emotions or Concentration?

Explain

In real life, a child’s report card won’t give this kind of comprehensive portrait of how they are doing. By the time a child has reached fifth grade, most schools and teachers are focusing on testing and assessments. Sometimes parents—or teachers or other caregivers—have to create a more balanced view of a child’s challenges and successes by bringing together information from medical providers, parents, mental health providers, or other professionals. We’ve tried to collect some major milestones in this report card so you have a sense of how your child is doing. But remember that there are many other important milestones in your Memory Book.

As children move into middle school, it is important to get intervention for kids who may be having some difficulties. Some challenges can improve in adolescence—but for some kids the consequences can be more severe. Children can get into trouble with bad grades, relationships or even the law as teenagers. But they can also have the opportunity to shine—do to well in school, make friends and be happy and successful. Sometimes small changes at home or in school have big positive effects.

Look Inside

Review what we understand about parenting and brain development during middle childhood in this video.

Continue

MC_end

Learn More Activities

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Video: Two Faces of Autism

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This module focuses on two eleven-year-old boys who have autism. Their behavioral differences and similarities illustrate that autism is characterized by a spectrum of dysfunctioning. Three common features of the disorder are focused on: decreased capacity for social engagements, communication deficits, and lack of imagination.

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Video: Nutrition in Childhood: Children in China with Iodine Deficiency

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Currently, 60% of China's population is at risk for Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD). This can cause not only goiters, which are enlarged thyroid glands, but also severe mental and physical retardation. Because of IDD there has been a general downward shift of intelligence in the area. Presently, China is using salt to provide the needed iodine and there is great improvement in the rates of IDD.

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Video: Physical Activity in Middle Childhood

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Video: Brain Development in Middle Childhood

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In this video, you will witness a typical response from a 4-year-old and from a 7-year-old who have been asked about wishes. As you will see in this clip from the laboratory of Jacqui Woolley, the causal power of wishing affects different age groups differently.

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Video: Cognitive Development in Childhood: Piaget's Conservation-of-Liquid Task: 5 1/2-Year-Old Fails

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According to Piaget, children at about age 7 enter the concrete operational stage of thought: they are able to reason logically about the things and events they perceive. Piaget believed that children’s initial ability to reason logically is reflected in their understanding of conservation, that is the idea that changes in the appearance of an object or substance do not change its key properties, such as quantity. One of his classic tests is the conservation-of-liquid test. In this test, the experimenter shows a child two containers of the same size filled with the same amount of liquid. The child then watches as the contents of one container are poured into a container of a different size. Finally, the experimenter asks the child whether one container contains more liquid than the other, or whether the amount of liquid in both containers is the same. The 5-year-old in this clip doesn’t yet understand that the quantity of a liquid stays the same when you transfer the liquid to a different-sized vessel.

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Video: Cognitive Development in Childhood: Piaget's Conservation-of-Liquid Task: 7 1/2-Year-Old Passes

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The 7-year-old in this clip has entered the concrete operational stage of thought. He is now able to reason that the quantity of a liquid stays the same when you transfer it to a different sized vessel.

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Video: Cognitive Development in Childhood: Piaget's Conservation-of-Number Task: 4 1/2-Year-Old Fails

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Conservation is the understanding that the quantity remains the same even when the shape of the object changes. In this video, a 4 ½-year-old boy completes the number task with animal crackers. The animal crackers are placed in two rows of six each. When the rows are the same length the boy counts the crackers to determine who has more. When the rows are at different lengths the boy uses his visual understanding of distance to determine which row has more. The boy also attempts to count the number of crackers when the rows are different lengths to determine which row has more but does not apply the concept of numbers correctly.

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Video: Cognitive Development in Childhood: Piaget's Conservation-of-Number Task: 5 1/2-Year-Old Passes

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Conservation is the understanding that the quantity remains the same even when the shape of the object changes. In this video, a 5 ½-year-old boy completes the number task with animal crackers. The animal crackers are placed in two rows of seven each. Regardless of how the rows are adjusted, this boy understands that both rows contain the same number of animal crackers even though the distance of the row has changed.

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Video: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: Concrete Operational Thought

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Video: Intelligence and Testing in Middle Childhood

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Video: Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism is an increasingly common disorder among children affecting about 1 out of 700-800 children. Autism is not just one disorder but lies on a spectrum of disorders that have one feature in common, difficulties with social relationships. This video discusses several research studies that focus on autism spectrum disorder. One research study is monitoring the electrical activity in the brains of children who have autism while they look at pictures of faces, including the face of their mother and strangers. Children with autism show the same brain response to both faces. One early indicator that autism may be present in children is the lack of a special type of eye contact known as joint attention. With the idea that early intervention is the key, therapy encourages autistic children to look at the therapist and respond as well as imitate behaviors.

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Video: The Impact of the Media on Adolescent Development

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Video: Dyslexia: Adolescent Discusses Impact

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This video includes footage of a preschool teacher and family discussing a young boy “Gowan” who has an undiagnosed developmental disorder, though the parents think it may be Autism. The video includes footage of Gowan at school, playing with siblings outside and throwing a fit while bouncing on the couch.

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Video: Current Research into Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Video is a CBS News story on Autism Spectrum Disorder. There is an interview with Dr. Geraldine Dawson, Chief Science Officer for Autism Speaks. Video discusses increasing numbers of children diagnosed with ASD and the fact that no one knows exactly why the rates are increasingly so drastically. Researchers think it is largely genetic with possible environmental triggers (e.g., pesticides). The video includes an interview with a mother of a boy with ASD who discusses the fact that there is no standard method of treatment. There is an interview with Dr. Hakon Hakonarson, a geneticist studying ASD and Dr. Robert Schultz from Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, who shows brain scans of typical vs. kids with ASD responding to social stimuli. Research is presented by Dr. Joe Piven, U of North Carolina, on younger siblings of kids with ASD. These children are 20% more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than average children.

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Video: Dyslexia: Expert and Children

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Video: Education in Middle Childhood

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Video: Reading and Reading Disorders: Specific Learning Disorders

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This clip showcases research into the process of learning to read and insight into why some have trouble. The clip shows a child who has previously been unable to read learning to read with the aid of a computer program. Since the child has trouble associating letters with sounds, a critical part of learning to read, repetition is used to get the child to associate sounds with letters. The clip shows how brain scans of readers suggest that a particular area of the brain is responsible for associating letters with sound. Through brain scans of a single subject before and after he learns to read, this theory is reinforced. The clip includes the work of Bruce McCandliss.

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Video: ADHD and the Family

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Video: Interview with Lawrence Walker

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Lawrence Walker discusses the history of the study of moral development and the important role of parents. The study of moral development began with a Freudian perspective then moved to the cognitive developmental perspective with a focus on peer interactions. Now research examines the role of the parent. Parents can promote the moral development of their child by demonstrating a willingness to listen to their children and valuing what their children have to say. Parents should also promote the decision making process of their children.

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This excerpt from the documentary “Up” focuses on three upper-class boys. The video footage includes interviews of the boys at different ages. For example: at age 7 the boys discuss the newspapers they read, at early and late adolescence they discuss how the program typecasts them. They discuss “public” schools (which are private in England) and the importance of good education.

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Video: Bullying: Interview with Nicki Crick

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Video: Understanding Bullying: Interview with Robert Sellman

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Scientific American Article: The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

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Scientific American Article: The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

HINT: Don't tell your kids that they are. More than three decades of research shows that a focus on “process”—not on intelligence or ability—is key to success in school and in life

January 1, 2015

By Carol S. Dweck

IN BRIEF

Growing Pains

Many people assume that superior intelligence or ability is a key to success. But more than three decades of research shows that an overemphasis on intellect or talent—and the implication that such traits are innate and fixed—leaves people vulnerable to failure, fearful of challenges and unmotivated to learn.

Teaching people to have a “growth mind-set,” which encourages a focus on “process” rather than on intelligence or talent, produces high achievers in school and in life.

Parents and teachers can engender a growth mind-set in children by praising them for their persistence or strategies (rather than for their intelligence), by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning, and by teaching them about the brain as a learning machine.

A brilliant student, Jonathan sailed through grade school. He completed his assignments easily and routinely earned As. Jonathan puzzled over why some of his classmates struggled, and his parents told him he had a special gift. In the seventh grade, however, Jonathan suddenly lost interest in school, refusing to do homework or study for tests. As a consequence, his grades plummeted. His parents tried to boost their son's confidence by assuring him that he was very smart. But their attempts failed to motivate Jonathan (who is a composite drawn from several children). Schoolwork, their son maintained, was boring and pointless.

Our society worships talent, and many people assume that possessing superior intelligence or ability— along with confidence in that ability—is a recipe for success. In fact, however, more than 35 years of scientific investigation suggests that an overemphasis on intellect or talent leaves people vulnerable to failure, fearful of challenges and unwilling to remedy their shortcomings.

The result plays out in children like Jonathan, who coast through the early grades under the dangerous notion that no-effort academic achievement defines them as smart or gifted. Such children hold an implicit belief that intelligence is innate and fixed, making striving to learn seem far less important than being (or looking) smart. This belief also makes them see challenges, mistakes and even the need to exert effort as threats to their ego rather than as opportunities to improve. And it causes them to lose confidence and motivation when the work is no longer easy for them.

Praising children's innate abilities, as Jonathan's parents did, reinforces this mind-set, which can also prevent young athletes or people in the workforce and even marriages from living up to their potential. On the other hand, our studies show that teaching people to have a “growth mind-set,” which encourages a focus on “process” (consisting of personal effort and effective strategies) rather than on intelligence or talent, helps make them into high achievers in school and in life.

The Opportunity of Defeat

I first began to investigate the underpinnings of human motivation—and how people persevere after setbacks—as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists Martin Seligman, Steven Maier and Richard Solomon, all then at the University of Pennsylvania, had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience, the researchers found, an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change—a state they called learned helplessness.

People can learn to be helpless, too, but not everyone reacts to setbacks this way. I wondered: Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in people's beliefs about why they had failed.

In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. In 1972, when I taught a group of elementary and middle school children who displayed helpless behavior in school that a lack of effort (rather than lack of ability) led to their mistakes on math problems, the kids learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. They also solved many more problems even in the face of difficulty. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. These experiments were an early indication that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and engender success.

Subsequent studies revealed that the most persistent students do not ruminate about their own failure much at all but instead think of mistakes as problems to be solved. At the University of Illinois in the 1970s I, along with my then graduate student Carol Diener, asked 60 fifth graders to think out loud while they solved very difficult pattern-recognition problems. Some students reacted defensively to mistakes, denigrating their skills with comments such as “I never did have a good rememory,” and their problem-solving strategies deteriorated.

Others, meanwhile, focused on fixing errors and honing their skills. One advised himself: “I should slow down and try to figure this out.” Two schoolchildren were particularly inspiring. One, in the wake of difficulty, pulled up his chair, rubbed his hands together, smacked his lips and said, “I love a challenge!” The other, also confronting the hard problems, looked up at the experimenter and approvingly declared, “I was hoping this would be informative!” Predictably, the students with this attitude outperformed their cohorts in these studies.

Two Views of Intelligence

Several years later I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners— helpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized that these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. The helpless ones believe that intelligence is a fixed trait: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a “fixed mind-set.” Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely and looking smart less so. Like Jonathan, such children shun effort in the belief that having to work hard means they are dumb.

The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence is malleable and can be developed through education and hard work. They want to learn above all else. After all, if you believe that you can expand your intellectual skills, you want to do just that. Because slipups stem from a lack of effort or acquirable skills, not fixed ability, they can be remedied by perseverance. Challenges are energizing rather than intimidating; they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set, we predicted, were destined for greater academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.

We validated these expectations in a study published in early 2007. Psychologists Lisa Blackwell, then at Columbia University, and Kali H. Trzesniewski, then at Stanford University, and I monitored 373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more stringent, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as “Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change.” We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.

As we had predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more important goal in school than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard, believing that the more you labored at something, the better you would become at it. They understood that even geniuses have to work hard for their great accomplishments. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy for mastering the material.

The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard at something was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.

Such divergent outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester—and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.

Along with psychologist Heidi Grant Halvorson, now at Columbia, I found a similar relation between mind-set and achievement in a 2003 study of 128 Columbia freshman premed students who were enrolled in a challenging general chemistry course. Although all the students cared about grades, the ones who earned the best grades were those who placed a high premium on learning rather than on showing that they were smart in chemistry. The focus on learning strategies, effort and persistence paid off for these students.

Confronting Deficiencies

A belief in fixed intelligence also makes people less willing to admit to errors or to confront and remedy their deficiencies in school, at work and in their social relationships. In a study published in 1999 of 168 freshmen entering the University of Hong Kong, where all instruction and coursework are in English, three Hong Kong colleagues and I found that students with a growth mind-set who scored poorly on their English proficiency exam were far more inclined to take a remedial English course than were low-scoring students with a fixed mind-set. The students with a stagnant view of intelligence were presumably unwilling to admit to their deficit and thus passed up the opportunity to correct it.

A fixed mind-set can similarly hamper communication and progress in the workplace by leading managers and employees to discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research by psychologists Peter Heslin, now at the University of New South Wales in Australia, Don VandeWalle of Southern Methodist University and Gary Latham of the University of Toronto shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set. Presumably, managers with a growth mind-set see themselves as works-in-progress and understand that they need feedback to improve, whereas bosses with a fixed mind-set are more likely to see criticism as reflecting their underlying level of competence. Assuming that other people are not capable of changing either, executives with a fixed mind-set are also less likely to mentor their underlings. But after Heslin, VandeWalle and Latham gave managers a tutorial on the value and principles of the growth mind-set, supervisors became more willing to coach their employees and gave more useful advice.

Mind-set can affect the quality and longevity of personal relationships as well, through people's willingness—or unwillingness—to deal with difficulties. Those with a fixed mind-set are less likely than those with a growth mind-set to broach problems in their relationships and to try to solve them, according to a 2006 study I conducted with psychologist Lara Kammrath, now at Wake Forest University. After all, if you think that human personality traits are more or less fixed, relationship repair seems largely futile. Individuals who believe people can change and grow, however, are more confident that confronting concerns in their relationships will lead to resolutions.

Proper Praise

How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of great mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills engenders a growth mind-set, our studies have shown. People also communicate mind-sets through praise. Although many, if not most, parents believe that they should build up children by telling them how brilliant and talented they are, our research suggests that this is misguided.

In studies involving several hundred fifth graders published in 1998, for example, psychologist Claudia M. Mueller, now at Stanford, and I gave children questions from a nonverbal IQ test. After the first 10 problems, on which most children did fairly well, we praised them. We praised some of them for their intelligence: “Wow … that's a really good score. You must be smart at this.” We commended others for their process: “Wow … that's a really good score. You must have worked really hard.”

We found that intelligence praise encouraged a fixed mind-set more often than did pats on the back for effort. Those congratulated for their intelligence, for example, shied away from a challenging assignment—they wanted an easy one instead—far more often than the kids applauded for their process. (Most of those lauded for their hard work wanted the difficult problem set from which they would learn.) When we gave everyone hard problems anyway, those praised for being smart became discouraged, doubting their ability. And their scores, even on an easier problem set we gave them afterward, declined as compared with their previous results on equivalent problems. In contrast, students praised for their hard work did not lose confidence when faced with the harder questions, and their performance improved markedly on the easier problems that followed.

Making Up Your Mind-set

In addition to encouraging a growth mind-set through praise for effort, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine. Blackwell, Trzesniewski and I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork.

In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled “You Can Grow Your Brain.” They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts neurons in the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Students who had been disruptive or bored sat still and took note. One particularly unruly boy looked up during the discussion and said, “You mean I don't have to be dumb?”

As the semester progressed, the math grades of the kids who learned only study skills continued to decline, whereas those of the students given the growth-mind-set training stopped falling and began to bounce back to their former levels. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported noticing significant motivational changes in 27 percent of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9 percent of students in the control group. One teacher wrote: “Your workshop has already had an effect. L [our unruly male student], who never puts in any extra effort and often doesn't turn in homework on time, actually stayed up late to finish an assignment early so I could review it and give him a chance to revise it. He earned a B+. (He had been getting Cs and lower.)

Other researchers have replicated our results. Psychologists Catherine Good, now at Baruch College, Joshua Aronson of New York University and Michael Inzlicht, now at the University of Toronto, reported in 2003 that a growth mind-set workshop raised the math and English achievement test scores of seventh graders. In a 2002 study Aronson, Good (then a graduate student at the University of Texas at Austin) and their colleagues found that college students began to enjoy their schoolwork more, value it more highly and get better grades as a result of training that fostered a growth mind-set.

We have now encapsulated such instruction in an interactive computer program called Brainology. Its five modules teach students about the brain—what it does and how to make it work better. In a virtual brain lab, users can click on brain regions to determine their functions or on nerve endings to see how connections form or strengthen when people learn. Users can also advise virtual students with problems as a way of practicing how to handle schoolwork difficulties; additionally, users keep an online journal of their study practices.

New York City seventh graders who tested Brainology told us that the program had changed their view of learning and how to promote it. One wrote: “My favorite thing from Brainology is the neurons part where when u [sic] learn something there are connections and they keep growing. I always picture them when I'm in school.” A teacher said of the students who used the program: “They offer to practice, study, take notes, or pay attention to ensure that connections will be made.”

Teaching children such information is not just a ploy to get them to study. People may well differ in intelligence, talent and ability. And yet research is converging on the conclusion that great accomplishment, and even what we call genius, is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift. Mozart, Edison, Curie, Darwin and Cézanne were not simply born with talent; they cultivated it through tremendous and sustained effort. Similarly, hard work and discipline contribute more to school achievement than IQ does.

Such lessons apply to almost every human endeavor. For instance, many young athletes value talent more than hard work and have consequently become unteachable. Similarly, many people accomplish little in their jobs without constant praise and encouragement to maintain their motivation. If we foster a growth mind-set in our homes and schools, however, we will give our children the tools to succeed in their pursuits and to become productive workers and citizens. —Carol S. Dweck

A for Effort

According to a survey we conducted in the mid-1990s, 85 percent of parents believed that praising children's ability or intelligence when they perform well is important for making them feel smart. But our work shows that praising a child's intelligence makes a child fragile and defensive. So, too, does generic praise that suggests a stable trait, such as “You are a good artist.” Praise can be very valuable, however, if it is carefully worded. Praise for the specific process a child used to accomplish something fosters motivation and confidence by focusing children on the actions that lead to success. Such process praise may involve commending effort, strategies, focus, persistence in the face of difficulty, and willingness to take on challenges. The following are examples of such communications:

You did a good job drawing. I like the detail you added to the people's faces.

You really studied for your social studies test. You read the material over several times, outlined it and tested yourself on it. It really worked!

I like the way you tried a lot of different strategies on that math problem until you finally got it.

That was a hard English assignment, but you stuck with it until you got it done. You stayed at your desk and kept your concentration. That's great!

I like that you took on that challenging project for your science class. It will take a lot of work—doing the research, designing the apparatus, making the parts and building it. You are going to learn a lot of great things.

Parents and teachers can also teach children to enjoy the process of learning by expressing positive views of challenges, effort and mistakes. Here are some examples:

Boy, this is hard—this is fun

Oh, sorry, that was too easy—no fun. Let's do something more challenging that you can learn from.

Let's all talk about what we struggled with today and learned from. I'll go first.

Mistakes are so interesting. Here's a wonderful mistake.

Let's see what we can learn from it.

—C.S.D.

Reproduced with permission. Copyright © (2015) Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Scientific American Article: Is Divorce Bad for Children?

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Scientific American Article: Is Divorce Bad for Children?

The breakup may be painful, but most kids adjust well over time

March 1, 2013

By Hal Arkowitz, Scott O. Lilienfeld

Many of the 1.5 million children in the U.S. whose parents divorce every year feel as if their worlds are falling apart. Divorcing parents are usually very concerned about the welfare of their children during this troublesome process. Some parents are so worried that they remain in unhappy marriages, believing it will protect their offspring from the trauma of divorce.

Yet parents who split have reasons for hope. Researchers have found that only a relatively small percentage of children experience serious problems in the wake of divorce or, later, as adults. In this column, we discuss these findings as well as factors that may protect children from the potentially harmful effects of divorce.

Rapid Recovery

Divorce affects most children in the short run, but research suggests that kids recover rapidly after the initial blow. In a 2002 study psychologist E. Mavis Hetherington of the University of Virginia and her then graduate student Anne Mitchell Elmore found that many children experience short-term negative effects from divorce, especially anxiety, anger, shock and disbelief. These reactions typically diminish or disappear by the end of the second year. Only a minority of kids suffer longer.

Most children of divorce also do well in the longer term. In a quantitative review of the literature in 2001, sociologist Paul R. Amato, then at Pennsylvania State University, examined the possible effects on children several years after a divorce. The studies compared children of married parents with those who experienced divorce at different ages. The investigators followed these kids into later childhood, adolescence or the teenage years, assessing their academic achievement, emotional and behavior problems, delinquency, self-concept and social relationships. On average, the studies found only very small differences on all these measures between children of divorced parents and those from intact families, suggesting that the vast majority of children endure divorce well.

Researchers have consistently found that high levels of parental conflict during and after a divorce are associated with poorer adjustment in children. The effects of conflict before the separation, however, may be the reverse in some cases. In a 1985 study Hetherington and her associates reported that some children who are exposed to high levels of marital discord prior to divorce adjust better than children who experience low levels. Apparently when marital conflict is muted, children are often unprepared when told about the upcoming divorce. They are surprised, perhaps even terrified, by the news. In addition, children from high-discord families may experience the divorce as a welcome relief from their parents' fighting.

Taken together, the findings suggest that only a small percentage of young people experience divorce-related problems. Even here the causes of these lingering difficulties remain uncertain. Some troubles may arise from conflict between Mom and Dad associated with the divorce. The stress of the situation can also cause the quality of parenting to suffer. Divorce frequently contributes to depression, anxiety or substance abuse in one or both parents and may bring about difficulties in balancing work and child rearing. These problems can impair a parent's ability to offer children stability and love when they are most in need.

Grown-up Concerns

The experience of divorce can also create problems that do not appear until the late teenage years or adulthood. In 2000 in a book entitled The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25 Year Landmark Study, Judith Wallerstein, then at the University of California, Berkeley, and her colleagues present detailed case studies suggesting that most adults who were children of divorce experience serious problems such as depression and relationship issues.

Yet scientific research does not support the view that problems in adulthood are prevalent; it instead demonstrates that most children of divorce become well-adjusted adults. For example, in a 2002 book, For Better or For Worse: Divorce Reconsidered, Hetherington and her co-author, journalist John Kelly, describe a 25-year study in which Hetherington followed children of divorce and children of parents who stayed together. She found that 25 percent of the adults whose parents had divorced experienced serious social, emotional or psychological troubles compared with 10 percent of those whose parents remained together. These findings suggest that only 15 percent of adult children of divorce experience problems over and above those from stable families. No one knows whether this difference is caused by the divorce itself or by variables, such as poorer parenting, that often accompany a marriage's dissolution.

In a review article in 2003, psychologists Joan B. Kelly of Corte Madera, Calif., and Robert E. Emery of the University of Virginia concluded that the relationships of adults whose parents' marriages failed do tend to be somewhat more problematic than those of children from stable homes. For instance, people whose parents split when they were young experience more difficulty forming and sustaining intimate relationships as young adults, greater dissatisfaction with their marriages, a higher divorce rate and poorer relationships with the noncustodial father compared with adults from sustained marriages. On all other measures, differences between the two groups were small.

Bouncing Back

Even though children of divorce generally do well, a number of factors can reduce the problems they might experience. Children fare better if parents can limit conflict associated with the divorce process or minimize the child's exposure to it. Further, children who live in the custody of at least one well-functioning parent do better than those whose primary parent is doing poorly. In the latter situation, the maladjusted parent should seek professional help or consider limiting his or her time with the child. Parents can also support their children during this difficult time by talking to them clearly about the divorce and its implications and answering their questions fully.

Other, more general facets of good parenting can also buffer against divorce-related difficulties in children. Parents should provide warmth and emotional support, and they should closely monitor their children's activities. They should also deliver discipline that is neither overly permissive nor overly strict. Other factors contributing to children's adjustment include postdivorce economic stability and social support from peers and other adults, such as teachers.

In addition, certain characteristics of the child can influence his or her resilience. Children with an easygoing temperament tend to fare better. Coping styles also make a difference. For example, children who are good problem solvers and who seek social support are more resilient than those who rely on distraction and avoidance.

The good news is that although divorce is hard and often extremely painful for children, long-term harm is not inevitable. Most children bounce back and get through this difficult situation with few if any battle scars.

Reproduced with permission. Copyright © (2013) Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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End of Middle Childhood

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End of Middle Childhood

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