Figure 5.6 Selected ethnic homelands in North America, past and present, and concentrations of rural ethnic islands. The Hispano homeland is also referred to as the Spanish American homeland. With the return migration of African Americans from northern industrial cities such as Chicago to rural southern areas, the long-moribund Black Belt homeland appears to be undergoing a revitalization. (Sources: Arreola, 2002; Carlson, 1990; Nostrand and Estaville, 2001; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2010.)