BANZHAF, JOHN F. III. Weighted voting doesn’t work, Rutgers Law Review, 1965 (vol. 19), pp. 317–343. The author defines the Banzhaf index and uses it to show that the weighted voting system in use by the Nassau County Board of Supervisors was unfair.

BRAMS, STEVEN J. Game Theory and Politics, 2d Ed., Dover Publications, New York, NY, 2004.

Iannucci v. Board of Supervisors of Washington County. This case opened a “mathematical quagmire.” You can find the text of the court’s opinion with a web search engine.

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TAYLOR, ALAN D. Mathematics and Politics: Strategy, Voting Power, and Proof, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 1995. Chapter 4 of this book covers weighted voting systems and their analysis using the Shapley-Shubik and Banzhaf models. It has no mathematical prerequisites, but it does include carefully written logical arguments that must be carefully read.