Chapter . Critical Learning Exercises - Fundamentals of Social Behavior

2.1 Section Title

Now that you have read the chapter, let's consider the theories and findings more closely. Read each of the questions below and type your response into the corresponding text box. After you submit your response you will be shown model feedback. You will receive full credit on submission, but your grade may change once your instructor reviews your response. Be sure to check the grade book for your final grade.

Question 1

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
Students’ answers may vary, but they may describe the painful side of love as either an adaptive function or an evolutionary trade-off. In essence, however, adaptations are trade-offs. Romantic relationships have many benefits—safety, security, affection, reproduction, companionship, increased resources, and so on—but there can be disadvantages as well—domestic violence, sexually transmitted diseases, heartache, sharing of resources, and so on. From an evolutionary perspective we are social animals who have strong negative reactions (and physical pain) triggered in our brain when social rejection occurs, thus making it more likely we will try to fit in and have relationships with others, which then increases the chances of reproduction. Those individuals who are more likely to feel these negative emotions, or feel them more strongly, will be more motivated to maintain relationships, thus making it more likely they will reproduce, leading to this trait surviving.

Question 2

kq9AXSoth7CogxsOwL8kyfgjsoWj9CTadzXroSfCgEO0Ckr6Jk1kQb338K9HEoXLvxtZQvcGX7skRCCXb7Q96yPUjkmtZ2B3v633Fcc9RVUcwZNANqs2Jf0UjbdMb8gIZ3rcQsN+Lrr+EG2Ba9kFpHfwV82JlSfmi3u9QEvt8QKry6EqI+8l9FyGkOMs1u3CpLk1QVNctAkkabzqIpHffj1CDNzINPHlWlF9iKFeMTQD/p6+HMvp7s1EFhH30Lz0xAXU5ZrOKFinQbZBYC9uW99RatzrRxgdzC8r/iiCgEj6il893OBr6KgfqrJ6oAEi68HtzizZUC2nKqAh6TiBOO1aFo2y9GzD8cGUoUBMPUHRSpde0jaRx+GDKixkbE/7WwNA+oog9y1HPE3cQeBXxk/DCnaF/W+1LqE3aTNvL4OY51/Hhujgbhvu7zM5VpshUJ9mzGPUqz036+GXQJLHxpGzgfSuy37IEZFMzQCjnNhENjS0KvSRlkO93vDAXGoaD8Nx6zO25JDbWzDlAj6os25DwFrX0PzacIDhBdOFzY6kogp9yc6quNiUXAJChds+p1z+H2+MoCA2FxW25V2sLtYbXznVdHXGwHWvQWUWtywCrcglq0F/NLzAGz/SYTLMcPScJQgHi7pL5/COls66C7s53GCC99ncVAAUfZW7FVfWjmoJ39UVnuIC4nrHtuxazCMowL8ki5Dm/gZIszLnYYRplh/vjdhDXW8NXXE0EXXbc2iRh8ylApLxpmOAbEJbqnLO88fCej7yeiyafT/4lftgMOQqAx2yXKYBZZ2gOZCNp72TMmQVixvreP/FDtad+A9Vo12WVBq1ZoibJvUXXEcYIjZ9/oNNCThffWSZQ7Ns6/+d
In creating a hierarchy for why students are taking a social psychology course, they should ask themselves Why over and over until they get to the higher-order goal, which is ultimately what they hope to achieve. This will be different for each student since they have different experiences, skills and abilities, thought processes, and dreams that impact their motivation for what they do. Though they might be unaware on a conscious level why they are doing a behavior, this doesn’t make them “wrong” for doing the behavior.

Question 3

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
Students’ responses may vary, but they may state that cultural symbols, such as national flags, represent a culture’s history and values. A ritual associated with the national flag in the United States is the importance of standing during the national anthem. Colin Kaepernick’s kneeling during the national anthem conflicted with a ritual for a cultural symbol that reinforces beliefs of nationalist pride and freedom. People may have found his actions upsetting for numerous reasons, including the following: they believe his behavior implied that the flag does not represent the values it is believed to uphold; they believe respect for the flag should be blindly followed as part of a tradition or ritual; they believe conflicting with a ritual reduces social cohesion and creates discord; or they believe disrespect for the flag itself is disrespectful to those who have given their life in service to their country.

Question 4

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
Students may approach this topic differently. They may mention that it is possible that by creating worldviews that answer questions we have regarding our death (terror management theory), we have created polarized cultural worldviews that help us feel more stable and at peace with the state of the world. Our cultural worldview includes what we believe it means to be a good human being, determines what standards of value we must live up to, and provides purpose to our lives. Threats to our cultural worldviews may be considered threats to our terror management resources, increasing our thoughts of death, which we tend to avoid. However, if we bolster our worldview by finding support for our beliefs or focusing on what standards comprise our worldview, then our thoughts of death decrease. Identifying as a liberal or conservative may be further reinforced by our desire to explain away disasters or traumas we are bombarded with by the media so as to avoid dealing with questions of our mortality. By focusing on our worldview, we can explain why things have occurred and make sense of the world around us, but this further reinforces our beliefs and leads us to avoid understanding conflicting worldviews.