Study Guide

Chapter Key Terms

You should know the definitions of the following key terms from the chapter. They are listed in the order in which they appear in the chapter. For those you do not know, return to the relevant section of the chapter to learn them. When you think that you know all of the terms, complete the matching exercise based on these key terms.

abnormal psychology

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

biopsychosocial approach

anxiety disorders

specific phobia

social anxiety disorder

agoraphobia

panic disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

obsessive-compulsive disorder

obsession

compulsion

depressive disorders

major depressive disorder

major depressive episode

manic episode

bipolar disorder

psychotic disorder

hallucination

delusion

schizophrenia

vulnerability-stress model

personality disorder

biomedical therapy

psychotherapy

lithium

antidepressant drugs

neurogenesis theory of depression

antianxiety drugs

antipsychotic drugs

tardive dyskinesia

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

transcranial magnetic therapy (TMS)

psychosurgery

lobotomy

psychoanalysis

free association

resistance

manifest content

latent content

transference

client-centered therapy

behavioral therapy

counterconditioning

systematic desensitization

virtual reality therapy

flooding

cognitive therapy

rational-emotive therapy

Beck's cognitive therapy

spontaneous remission

Key Terms Exercise

Identify the correct term for each of the following definitions.

Question 10.1

1. A repetitive and rigid behavior that a person feels compelled to perform in order to reduce anxiety.

__________________________________________________

compulsion

Question 10.2

2. An anxiety disorder indicated by a marked and persistent fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing.

__________________________________________________

agoraphobia

Question 10.3

3. An explanation of schizophrenia that proposes that genetic, prenatal, and postnatal biological factors render a person vulnerable to schizophrenia, but environmental stress determines whether it develops or not.

__________________________________________________

vulnerability–stress model

Question 10.4

4. A style of psychotherapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy to help the person to gain insight into his true self-concept.

__________________________________________________

client-centered therapy

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Question 10.5

5. A counterconditioning exposure therapy in which a fear response to an object or situation is replaced with a relaxation response in a series of progressively increasing fear-arousing steps.

__________________________________________________

systematic desensitization

Question 10.6

6. Getting better with the passage of time without receiving any therapy.

__________________________________________________

spontaneous remission

Question 10.7

7. A type of cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, in which the therapist directly confronts and challenges the person’s unrealistic thoughts and beliefs to show that they are irrational.

__________________________________________________

rational-emotive therapy

Question 10.8

8. A disorder characterized by inflexible, long-standing personality traits that lead to behavior that impairs social functioning and deviates from cultural norms.

__________________________________________________

personality disorder

Question 10.9

9. A false sensory perception.

__________________________________________________

hallucination

Question 10.10

10. A disorder in which recurrent cycles of depressive and manic episodes occur.

__________________________________________________

bipolar disorder

Question 10.11

11. The current version of the American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic and classification guidelines for mental disorders.

__________________________________________________

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

Question 10.12

12. Explaining abnormality as the result of the interaction among biological, psychological (behavioral and cognitive), and social or cultural factors.

__________________________________________________

biopsychosocial approach

Question 10.13

13. An explanation of depression that proposes that the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus stops during depression, and when it resumes, the depression lifts.

__________________________________________________

neurogenesis theory of depression

Question 10.14

14. A person undergoing therapy acts toward the therapist as he or she did or does toward important figures in his or her life, such as parents.

__________________________________________________

transference

Question 10.15

15. A side effect of long-term use of traditional antipsychotic drugs causing the person to have uncontrollable facial tics, grimaces, and other involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, and tongue.

__________________________________________________

tardive dyskinesia

Practice Test Questions

The following are practice multiple-choice test questions on some of the chapter content. If you guessed or incorrectly answered a question, restudy the relevant section of the chapter.

Question 10.16

1. Which of the following is a personality disorder?
  1. schizophrenia
  2. antisocial personality
  3. bipolar disorder
  4. generalized anxiety disorder

b; antisocial personality

Question 10.17

2. _____ is the fear of being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing.
  1. A specific phobia
  2. Agoraphobia
  3. Social anxiety disorder
  4. Panic disorder

b; Agoraphobia

Question 10.18

3. Which of the following disorders has the highest concordance rate for identical twins?
  1. bipolar disorder
  2. schizophrenia
  3. major depressive disorder
  4. The concordance rates for all of the above are the same.

a; bipolar disorder

441

Question 10.19

4. Which of the following disorders is a (are) psychotic disorder(s)?
  1. obsessive-compulsive disorder
  2. major depressive disorder
  3. schizophrenia
  4. all of the above

c; schizophrenia

Question 10.20

5. A false sensory perception is a(n)_____, and a false belief is a(n)_____.
  1. obsession; compulsion
  2. compulsion; obsession
  3. hallucination; delusion
  4. delusion; hallucination

c; hallucination; delusion

Question 10.21

6. Which of the following is (are) most often used to treat bipolar disorder?
  1. SSRIs
  2. lithium
  3. new generation antipsychotic drugs
  4. MAO inhibitors

b; lithium

Question 10.22

7. Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of long-term use of _____.
  1. SSRIs
  2. traditional antipsychotic drugs
  3. lithium
  4. tricyclics

b; traditional antipsychotic drugs

Question 10.23

8. A _____ therapist interprets resistances and transferences to discover a person’s underlying problems.
  1. psychoanalytic
  2. client-centered
  3. behavioral
  4. cognitive

a; psychoanalytic

Question 10.24

9. Maladaptive behavior is to maladaptive thinking as_____is to_____.
  1. psychoanalysis; client-centered therapy
  2. client-centered therapy; psychoanalysis
  3. behavioral therapy; cognitive therapy
  4. cognitive therapy; behavioral therapy

c; behavioral therapy; cognitive therapy

Question 10.25

10. Which of the following psychotherapies is most effective in treating phobic disorders?
  1. psychoanalysis
  2. cognitive therapy
  3. behavioral therapy
  4. client-centered therapy

c; behavioral therapy

Question 10.26

11. _____ is a disorder in which the person has excessive global anxiety and worry that they cannot control for a period of at least six months.
  1. Agoraphobia
  2. Social phobia
  3. Generalized anxiety disorder
  4. Panic disorder

c; Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 10.27

12. Which of the following is a part of rational-emotive therapy?
  1. ABC model
  2. token economy
  3. free association
  4. flooding

a; ABC model

Question 10.28

13. Unconditional positive regard and empathy are to resistance and transference as _____ is to _____.
  1. rational-emotive therapy; Beck’s cognitive therapy
  2. Beck’s cognitive therapy; rational-emotive therapy
  3. psychoanalysis; client-centered therapy
  4. client-centered therapy; psychoanalysis

d; client-centered therapy; psychoanalysis

Question 10.29

14. Which of the following is the best example of a biopsychosocial explanation of a mental disorder?
  1. the ABC model
  2. the vulnerability–stress model
  3. counterconditioning
  4. meta-analysis

b; the vulnerability–stress model

Question 10.30

15. Which of the following disorders is classified as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder?
  1. panic disorder
  2. trichotillomania
  3. agoraphobia
  4. social anxiety disorder

b; trichotillomania

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