Supplements and Instructor Resources
Supplementary Reading for Students
Resources for Instructors
1.1 The Four Major Research Perspectives
Perspectives Emphasizing Internal Factors
Perspectives Emphasizing External Factors
1.2 Research Methods Used by Psychologists
1.3 How to Understand Research Results
Chapter 1 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 1 Practice Test Questions
2.1 The Neuron
The Structure of a Neuron
Neurotransmitters, Drugs, and Poisons
2.2 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System
The Central Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Endocrine Glandular System
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
2.3 The Brain
Processing in the Cerebral Cortex
Specializations of the Left and Right Hemispheres
Consciousness and the Sleeping Brain
Chapter 2 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 2 Practice Test Questions
3.1 How the Physical World Relates to the Psychological World
3.2 How We See and How We Hear
3.3 How We Make Sense of What We See
Bottom-up Processing and Top-down Processing
Perceptual Organization and Perceptual Constancy
Chapter 3 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 3 Practice Test Questions
4.1 Learning Through Classical Conditioning
The Elements and Procedures of Classical Conditioning
General Learning Processes in Classical Conditioning
4.2 Learning Through Operant Conditioning
Learning Through Reinforcement and Punishment
General Learning Processes in Operant Conditioning
Partial-Reinforcement Schedules in Operant Conditioning
Motivation, Behavior, and Reinforcement
4.3 Biological and Cognitive Aspects of Learning
Biological Preparedness in Learning
Latent Learning and Observational Learning
Chapter 4 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 4 Practice Test Questions
5.1 Three-Stage Model of Memory
5.2 Encoding Information into Memory
How We Encode Information
5.3 Retrieving Information from Memory
The Reconstructive Nature of Retrieval
Chapter 5 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 5 Practice Test Questions
6.1 Problem Solving
Blocks to Problem Solving
6.2 Thinking Under Uncertainty
6.3 Intelligent Thinking
Controversies About Intelligence
Chapter 6 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 6 Practice Test Questions
7.1 Prenatal Development and Infancy
How We Develop During Infancy
7.2 How We Think Throughout Our Lives
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Approach to Development
How Intelligence Changes in Adulthood
7.3 Moral Development and Social Development
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
Attachment and Parenting Styles
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory of Development
Chapter 7 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 7 Practice Test Questions
8.1 The Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
Freudian Classical Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
Neo-Freudian Theories of Personality
8.2 The Humanistic Approach and the Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality
The Humanistic Approach to Personality
The Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality
8.3 Trait Theories of Personality and Personality Assessment
Trait Theories of Personality
Chapter 8 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 8 Practice Test Questions
9.1 How Others Influence Our Behavior
9.2 How We Think About Our Own and Others’ Behavior
How Our Behavior Affects Our Attitudes
Chapter 9 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 9 Practice Test Questions
10.1 The Diagnosis and Classification of Mental Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Labeling People with Mental Disorders
10.2 Six Major Categories of Mental Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
10.3 The Treatment of Mental Disorders
Chapter 10 Key Terms Exercise
Chapter 10 Practice Test Questions