Chapter 5 Key Terms Exercise

Study Guide

Identify the correct term for each of the following definitions. Click the Show Answer button below each question to see the answer.

Question 5.12

1.

The principle that states that the cues (both internal and external) present at the time information is encoded into long-term memory serve as the best retrieval cues for the information.

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encoding specificity principle

Question 5.13

2.

A measure of long-term memory retrieval that requires the reproduction of the information with essentially no retrieval cues.

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recall

Question 5.14

3.

The disruptive effect of new learning on the retrieval of old information.

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retroactive interference

Question 5.15

4.

The visual sensory register that holds an exact copy of the incoming visual input but only for a very brief period of time—less than a second.

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iconic memory

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Question 5.16

5.

A meaningful unit in memory.

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chunk

Question 5.17

6.

Long-term memory for factual knowledge and personal experiences that requires a conscious effort to remember and that entails making declarations about the information remembered.

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explicit memory

Question 5.18

7.

The inability to form new explicit long-term memories for events following surgery or trauma to the brain.

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anterograde amnesia

Question 5.19

8.

A type of rehearsal in short-term memory in which incoming information is related to information from long-term memory to encode it into long-term memory.

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elaborative rehearsal

Question 5.20

9.

Superior long-term memory for spaced study versus massed study (cramming).

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spacing (distributed study) effect

Question 5.21

10.

Frameworks of knowledge about people, objects, events, and actions that allow us to organize and interpret information about our world.

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schemas

Question 5.22

11.

Explicit memory for personal experiences.

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episodic memory

Question 5.23

12.

A theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the unavailability of the retrieval cues necessary to locate the information in long-term memory.

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cue-dependent theory

Question 5.24

13.

An experimental procedure in which, following the brief presentation of a matrix of unrelated consonants, the participant is given an auditory cue about which row of the matrix to recall.

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Sperling’s partial-report procedure

Question 5.25

14.

Our inability as adults to remember events that occurred in our lives before about 3 years of age.

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infantile/child amnesia

Question 5.26

15.

A memory task in which the participant is given a series of items one at a time and then has to recall the items in the order in which they were presented.

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memory span task