1.

A process used by the ego to distort reality and protect a person from anxiety.

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defense mechanism

2.

Unconditional acceptance and approval of a person by others.

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unconditional positive regard

3.

A judgment of one’s effectiveness in dealing with particular situations.

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self-efficacy

4.

The third psychosexual stage in Freud’s theory (from ages 3 to 6 years old) in which the erogenous zone is located at the genitals, and the child derives pleasure from genital stimulation.

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phallic stage of psychosexual development

5.

The principle of finding gratification for instinctual drives within the constraints of reality (norms of society).

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reality principle

6.

The part of the personality that a person is born with and that contains the biological instinctual drives and is located in the unconscious mind.

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id

7.

The process by which children adopt the characteristics of the same-sex parent and learn their gender role and sense of morality.

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identification

8.

The tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself favorably.

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self-serving bias

9.

A personality test that uses a series of ambiguous stimuli to which the test takers must respond about their perceptions of the stimuli.

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projective test

10.

The perception that chance or external forces beyond one’s individual control determine one’s fate.

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external locus of control

11.

Freud’s term for the area of the body where the id’s pleasure-seeking energies are focused during a particular stage of psychosexual development.

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erogenous zone

12.

The behaviors and attitudes for which other people, starting with our parents, will give us positive regard.

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conditions of worth

13.

Freud’s term for what is stored in our memories that we are not presently aware of but can access.

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preconscious

14.

The process by which we explain our own behavior and that of others.

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attribution

15.

Freud’s term for the part of the personality that represents one’s conscience and idealized standards of behavior.

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superego