Chapter 8 Practice Test Questions

Study Guide

The following are practice multiple-choice test questions on some of the chapter content. Click the Show Answer button below each question to see the answer. If you guessed on a question or incorrectly answered a question, restudy the relevant section of the chapter.

Question 8.24

1.

According to Freud, the ______, the executive of the personality, is located ______.

  1. ego; entirely in the unconscious

  2. ego; in all three levels of awareness

  3. superego; entirely in the unconscious

  4. superego; in all three levels of awareness

b; ego; in all three levels of awareness

Question 8.25

2.

A woman has unacceptable feelings of hatred toward her mother, but lavishes attention and love on her. Freud would say that this is an example of ______.

  1. projection

  2. reaction formation

  3. displacement

  4. sublimation

b; reaction formation

Question 8.26

3.

Which of the following neo-Freudian theorists proposed “striving for superiority” as the primary motivation for personality development?

  1. Carl Jung

  2. Karen Horney

  3. Alfred Adler

  4. Erik Erikson

c; Alfred Adler

Question 8.27

4.

In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, ______ needs are at the bottom of the hierarchy, and ______ needs are at the top.

  1. physiological; self-actualization

  2. self-actualization; physiological

  3. safety; belonging and love

  4. belonging and love; safety

a; physiological; self-actualization

Question 8.28

5.

In Rogers’s self theory, which of the following contributes greatly to one’s self-actualization?

  1. conditional positive regard

  2. unconditional positive regard

  3. an internal locus of control

  4. an external locus of control

b; unconditional positive regard

Question 8.29

6.

“Self-efficacy” is the answer to which of the following questions?

  1. What is the fullest realization of a person’s potential?

  2. What is a sense of one’s effectiveness in dealing with a particular situation?

  3. What is the perception that one controls one’s own fate?

  4. What is the tendency to make attributions so that one can view one’s self favorably?

b; What is a sense of one’s effectiveness in dealing with a particular situation?

Question 8.30

7.

After losing a tennis match, which of the following comments is a person most likely to make if self-serving bias is operating?

  1. “I should have practiced more.”

  2. “I made too many unforced errors.”

  3. “My opponent had the advantage of playing on his home court.”

  4. “My mental concentration was lacking.”

c; “My opponent had the advantage of playing on his home court.”

368

Question 8.31

8.

Which of the following theoretical approaches uses factor analysis to determine the number of factors necessary to describe human personality?

  1. the psychoanalytic approach

  2. the trait approach

  3. the humanistic approach

  4. the social-cognitive approach

b; the trait approach

Question 8.32

9.

Which one of Eysenck’s three personality factors is not one of the “Big Five” factors?

  1. openness

  2. neuroticism

  3. psychoticism

  4. agreeableness

c; psychoticism

Question 8.33

10.

Which of the following personality tests uses True–False items and generates a profile of the test taker on 10 clinical scales?

  1. MMPI-2

  2. Rorschach Inkblot Test

  3. TAT

  4. all of the above

a; MMPI-2

Question 8.34

11.

According to social-cognitive personality theorists, which of the following is least likely to lead to depression?

  1. low sense of self-esteem

  2. self-serving bias

  3. external locus of control

  4. learned helplessness

b; self-serving bias

Question 8.35

12.

Which of the following trait dimensions is one of the “Big Five” personality dimensional labels?

  1. aggressiveness

  2. effectiveness

  3. cheerfulness

  4. openness

d; openness

Question 8.36

13.

Inferiority complex is to basic anxiety as ______ is to ______.

  1. Adler; Horney

  2. Horney; Adler

  3. Jung; Horney

  4. Horney; Jung

a; Adler; Horney

Question 8.37

14.

Imagine a patient who was just diagnosed with a serious illness. According to Julian Rotter, if the patient has a strong internal locus of control, what is the patient’s most likely response to the situation?

  1. “Whatever happens, it is in God’s hands.”

  2. “I’ll just do what the doctor says and trust his judgment.”

  3. “Whether I make it or not is just a matter of luck.”

  4. “I want to learn about this illness and work to fight it.”

d; “I want to learn about this illness and work to fight it.”

Question 8.38

15.

Glenn’s room looks like a tornado hit it. He is incredibly messy. His car is filled with old pizza boxes, last month’s newspapers, and dirty laundry. According to Freud, Glenn is most likely fixated at the ______ stage.

  1. phallic

  2. oral

  3. anal

  4. genital

c; anal