Correct. The answer is b. A historian considering all five of these sources would most likely conclude that most Americans—whether or not they had achieved financial wealth—viewed hard work and self-discipline as an important source of dignity.

Incorrect. The answer is b. A historian considering all five of these sources would most likely conclude that most Americans—whether or not they had achieved financial wealth—viewed hard work and self-discipline as an important source of dignity.

Correct. The answer is c. In addition to celebrating the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, the pewterers were paying tribute to the idea that all American men had equal opportunities to achieve social and economic mobility, no matter the conditions of their birth.

Incorrect. The answer is c. In addition to celebrating the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, the pewterers were paying tribute to the idea that all American men had equal opportunities to achieve social and economic mobility, no matter the conditions of their birth.

Correct. The answer is a. The author of “A Working Man’s Recollections of America” would have responded to John Jacob Astor by explaining that hard work does not inevitably create wealth. His recollection details his diligent efforts and subsequent economic failure.

Incorrect. The answer is a. The author of “A Working Man’s Recollections of America” would have responded to John Jacob Astor by explaining that hard work does not inevitably create wealth. His recollection details his diligent efforts and subsequent economic failure.

Correct. The answer is a. A proponent of neomercantilism—a system of government-assisted economic development—would have been most likely to support Philip Hone’s celebration of John Jacob Astor and his successful economic enterprises. This group believed that government assistance to develop privately owned economic interests was the best way to increase the “common wealth” of the nation.

Incorrect. The answer is a. A proponent of neomercantilism—a system of government-assisted economic development—would have been most likely to support Philip Hone’s celebration of John Jacob Astor and his successful economic enterprises. This group believed that government assistance to develop privately owned economic interests was the best way to increase the “common wealth” of the nation.

Correct. The answer is b. According to the author, it was the hard work of thousands of New Yorkers in the city’s entire economy that accounted for a significant proportion of John Jacob Astor’s wealth by 1848.

Incorrect. The answer is b. According to the author, it was the hard work of thousands of New Yorkers in the city’s entire economy that accounted for a significant proportion of John Jacob Astor’s wealth by 1848.