Correct. The answer is c. The National People’s Party platform of 1892 identified political corruption, corporate power, poverty, and workers’ exploitation as pressing national problems and demanded more government regulation of businesses and the economy as the primary solution to those problems. In particular, the group proposed federal ownership of the railroads and communication industry, a graduated income tax, a federally mandated eight-hour workday, and the free coinage of silver as needed reforms.

Incorrect. The answer is c. The National People’s Party platform of 1892 identified political corruption, corporate power, poverty, and workers’ exploitation as pressing national problems and demanded more government regulation of businesses and the economy as the primary solution to those problems. In particular, the group proposed federal ownership of the railroads and communication industry, a graduated income tax, a federally mandated eight-hour workday, and the free coinage of silver as needed reforms.

Correct. The answer is c. Howe argued in this article that businesses operated according to their self interests and that big business’s influence over the political system was actually the cause of the myriad problems that challenged cities at the turn of the century. The solution, he proposed, was more democracy, which would allow the interests of working- and middle-class residents of cities to counteract the influence of big businesses.

Incorrect. The answer is c. Howe argued in this article that businesses operated according to their self interests and that big business’s influence over the political system was actually the cause of the myriad problems that challenged cities at the turn of the century. The solution, he proposed, was more democracy, which would allow the interests of working- and middle-class residents of cities to counteract the influence of big businesses.

Correct. The answer is a. Both of these reformers believed that big businesses played a significant role in creating inequality in American cities and that more democracy was the key to lessening those inequalities. However, whereas Howe believed that democracy itself could solve the problem, Conger-Kaneko believed that a just and equitable society could only be achieved through collective ownership of industry. The two advocated different means to achieve similar ends.

Incorrect. The answer is a. Both of these reformers believed that big businesses played a significant role in creating inequality in American cities and that more democracy was the key to lessening those inequalities. However, whereas Howe believed that democracy itself could solve the problem, Conger-Kaneko believed that a just and equitable society could only be achieved through collective ownership of industry. The two advocated different means to achieve similar ends.

Correct. The answer is b. In the 1890s the Farmers’ Alliance and Populist Party in the South appealed to poor farmers of both races, and some white Populists—like the publishers of this newspaper in Texas—reached out to African Americans in an effort to build ties with them. In this case, the newspaper published this letter in an effort to draw black voters into the Populist Party. Southern Democrats, in response, would soon work harder than ever to suppress the black vote altogether.

Incorrect. The answer is b. In the 1890s the Farmers’ Alliance and Populist Party in the South appealed to poor farmers of both races, and some white Populists—like the publishers of this newspaper in Texas—reached out to African Americans in an effort to build ties with them. In this case, the newspaper published this letter in an effort to draw black voters into the Populist Party. Southern Democrats, in response, would soon work harder than ever to suppress the black vote altogether.

Correct. The answer is d. Roosevelt’s approach to environmental conservation advocated the use of government experts to manage and regulate the use of the nation’s natural resources. Roosevelt did not call for preservation, but rather for the controlled use of some resources and the careful renewal of others. His conservation policy embraced progressives’ assumption that regulation and reliance on experts could ameliorate the wasteful and profit-driven consumption of resources that had taken place in the early industrial era.

Incorrect. The answer is d. Roosevelt’s approach to environmental conservation advocated the use of government experts to manage and regulate the use of the nation’s natural resources. Roosevelt did not call for preservation, but rather for the controlled use of some resources and the careful renewal of others. His conservation policy embraced progressives’ assumption that regulation and reliance on experts could ameliorate the wasteful and profit-driven consumption of resources that had taken place in the early industrial era.

Correct. The answer is c. Like many progressive-era activists who saw education as an important precondition for social progress, W. E. B. Du Bois argued that higher education for the most talented and ambitious African Americans—the Talented Tenth—was the first step on the road to black equality in the United States. Educating that group, he argued, would provide teachers and models who could educate and raise the status of the rest of their people, creating the conditions under which black equality might become possible.

Incorrect. The answer is c. Like many progressive-era activists who saw education as an important precondition for social progress, W. E. B. Du Bois argued that higher education for the most talented and ambitious African Americans—the Talented Tenth—was the first step on the road to black equality in the United States. Educating that group, he argued, would provide teachers and models who could educate and raise the status of the rest of their people, creating the conditions under which black equality might become possible.