Correct. The answer is b. By modeling the “Declaration of Rights and Sentiments” on the Declaration of Independence, Stanton challenged Americans’ current definitions of citizenship and the assumption that the United States was a democracy. She asserted that women were men’s full equals and that, as such, they were deserving of the same constitutional and political rights granted to American men.

Incorrect. The answer is b. By modeling the “Declaration of Rights and Sentiments” on the Declaration of Independence, Stanton challenged Americans’ current definitions of citizenship and the assumption that the United States was a democracy. She asserted that women were men’s full equals and that, as such, they were deserving of the same constitutional and political rights granted to American men.

Correct. The answer is d. This 1850 California law made it clear that, although the white men of California would have the rights and protections of citizenship, these rights would not apply to the Native American population. The law demonstrated the race-bound nature of constitutional and political rights in the decade before the Civil War.

Incorrect. The answer is d. This 1850 California law made it clear that, although the white men of California would have the rights and protections of citizenship, these rights would not apply to the Native American population. The law demonstrated the race-bound nature of constitutional and political rights in the decade before the Civil War.

Correct. The answer is c. Morse claimed that Catholics posed a particular danger because the Catholic Church was a political institution operating under the cloak of religion. He claimed that the Constitution’s protection of religious freedom could make it impossible to prevent the Catholic Church from taking political control of American republican institutions.

Incorrect. The answer is c. Morse claimed that Catholics posed a particular danger because the Catholic Church was a political institution operating under the cloak of religion. He claimed that the Constitution’s protection of religious freedom could make it impossible to prevent the Catholic Church from taking political control of American republican institutions.

Correct. The answer is a. When he referred to “sophistical contrivances” that “searched for some middle ground between right and wrong,” Lincoln was referring to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the concept of popular sovereignty, which established that the population of individual states could vote on whether or not to allow slavery in that state. Lincoln argued that laws like the Kansas-Nebraska Act violated the intentions of the founding fathers and, as such, were patently unconstitutional.

Incorrect. The answer is a. When he referred to “sophistical contrivances” that “searched for some middle ground between right and wrong,” Lincoln was referring to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the concept of popular sovereignty, which established that the population of individual states could vote on whether or not to allow slavery in that state. Lincoln argued that laws like the Kansas-Nebraska Act violated the intentions of the founding fathers and, as such, were patently unconstitutional.

Correct. The answer is d. According to Stephens, the major problem with the U.S. Constitution was its fundamental assumption that all men had natural rights. He believed that the founding fathers had been morally wrong on this question and that the Confederate Constitution improved on it by encoding a provision about the natural inferiority and subordination of African Americans.

Incorrect. The answer is d. According to Stephens, the major problem with the U.S. Constitution was its fundamental assumption that all men had natural rights. He believed that the founding fathers had been morally wrong on this question and that the Confederate Constitution improved on it by encoding a provision about the natural inferiority and subordination of African Americans.

Correct. The answer is d. White southerners used violence to intimidate black voters in the 1860s and 1870s and, by the end of the nineteenth century, instituted new state laws that essentially denied voting rights to African Americans.

Incorrect. The answer is d. White southerners used violence to intimidate black voters in the 1860s and 1870s and, by the end of the nineteenth century, instituted new state laws that essentially denied voting rights to African Americans.

Correct. The answer is c. This set of documents shows how Americans addressed questions about who could claim the rights and protections guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Some groups, like women and African Americans, argued that they were fundamentally entitled to those rights. Other groups, like nativists and Confederates, enacted laws that were intended to encode narrow definitions of citizenship and rights that excluded Catholics, Native Americans, and African Americans.

Incorrect. The answer is c. This set of documents shows how Americans addressed questions about who could claim the rights and protections guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Some groups, like women and African Americans, argued that they were fundamentally entitled to those rights. Other groups, like nativists and Confederates, enacted laws that were intended to encode narrow definitions of citizenship and rights that excluded Catholics, Native Americans, and African Americans.