Holocaust Survivors at Mauthausen Constructed by the Nazis in Austria, the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp housed Jews, Communists, homosexuals, Soviet prisoners of war, and opponents of Franco’s fascist regime in Spain. Tens of thousands of prisoners died at this forced labor camp. This photograph shows surviving Spanish inmates tearing down the Nazi eagle from atop the entrance after they were liberated in May 1945. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum