Guided Analysis Document 11.1 Harriet Robinson, Reflections on the 1836 Lowell Mills Strike, 1898

GUIDED ANALYSIS

Harriet Robinson | Reflections on the 1836 Lowell Mills Strike, 1898

In the 1830s, a faltering economy led to reduced wages, long hours, and demands for increased productivity at New England textile mills. The women workers in Lowell, Massachusetts, organized to protest these changes and went on strike several times. The following selection was written by Harriet Robinson, who entered the mills at age ten in 1834. She published a memoir in 1898 in which she recalls her critical role in a strike in 1836.

Document 11.1

Why does Robinson take the lead on her floor in joining the strike?

How does Robinson link the strike at Lowell to women’s rights more generally?

What were the effects of the 1836 strike according to Robinson?

My own recollection of this first strike (or “turn out” as it was called) is very vivid. I worked in a lower room, where I had heard the proposed strike fully, if not vehemently, discussed; I had been an ardent listener to what was said against this attempt at “oppression” on the part of the corporation, and naturally I took sides with the strikers. When the day came on which the girls were to turn out, those in the upper rooms started first, and so many of them left that our mill was at once shut down. Then, when the girls in my room stood irresolute, uncertain what to do, asking each other, “Would you?” or “Shall we turn out?” . . . [I] became impatient, and started on ahead, saying, with childish bravado, “I don’t care what you do, I am going to turn out, whether any one else does or not”; and I marched out, and was followed by the others.

As I looked back at the long line that followed me, I was more proud than I have ever been since at any success I may have achieved, and more proud than I shall ever be again until my own beloved State gives to its women citizens the right of suffrage.

The agent of the corporation where I then worked took some small revenges on the supposed ringleaders. . . .

It is hardly necessary to say that so far as results were concerned this strike did no good. The dissatisfaction of the operatives subsided, or burned itself out, and though the authorities did not accede to their demands, the majority returned to their work, and the corporation went on cutting down the wages.

Source: Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle; or, Life among the Early Mill Girls (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1898), 84–86.

Put It in Context

What difficulties did female and male workers face in organizing to improve their wages and working conditions in this period?