Howard Gardner argues that a single measure of intelligence, or a global IQ score, does not accurately reflect an individual’s overall mental ability. Moreover, he maintains that intelligence must be defined within the context of a particular culture. Let’s assume we are trying to understand the mental abilities of two adults—one from the United States, the other from an uncontacted tribe in the Brazilian rainforest. (Members of uncontacted tribes associate only with one another and have no interaction with the outside world.) Would a standard intelligence test, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), provide us with an accurate understanding of both adults’ overall mental abilities? Would the types of skills that are considered a reflection of intelligent behavior in the United States apply to the adult in the uncontacted tribe? As you reflect on these two questions, consider Gardner’s position that intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings.

Use FIGURE 7.7 on page 297 of your textbook to answer Questions 1–3.

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