What new sources and institutions of power became available to rulers in the second half of the twelfth century?
What do the works of the troubadours and vernacular poets reveal about the nature of entertainment—its themes, its audience, its performers—in the twelfth century?
What do the works of the troubadours and vernacular poets reveal about the nature of entertainment—its themes, its audience, its performers—in the twelfth century?
How did the idea of crusade change from the time of the original expedition to the Holy Land?