Important Events

Chapter 14 Review: Important Events

1492 Columbus reaches the Americas
1494 Italian Wars begin; Treaty of Tordesillas divides Atlantic world between Portugal and Spain
1516 Erasmus publishes Greek edition of the New Testament
1517 Luther composes ninety-five theses to challenge Catholic church
1519 Cortés captures Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán
1520 Luther publishes three treatises; Zwingli breaks from Rome
1525 German Peasants’ War
1527 Charles V’s imperial troops sack Rome
1529 Colloquy of Marburg addresses disagreements between German and Swiss church reformers
1534 Henry VIII breaks with Rome; Affair of the Placards in France
1536 Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion
1540 Jesuits established as new Catholic order
1545–1563 Catholic Council of Trent condemns Protestant beliefs, confirms Catholic doctrine
1547 Charles V defeats Protestants at Mühlberg
1555 Peace of Augsburg ends religious wars and recognizes Lutheran church in German states
1559 Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ends wars between Habsburg and Valois rulers

Consider three events: Luther publishes three treatises (1520), German Peasants’ War (1525), and Catholic Council of Trent condemns Protestant beliefs, confirms Catholic doctrine (1545–1563). How did Luther’s treatises inspire the uprising of peasants and urban artisans? How did the changes wrought by the first two events prompt the Council of Trent, its goals, and its decisions?

Question

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Consider three events: Luther publishes three treatises (1520), German Peasants’ War (1525), and Catholic Council of Trent condemns Protestant beliefs, confirms Catholic doctrine (1545–1563). How did Luther’s treatises inspire the uprising of peasants and urban artisans? How did the changes wrought by the first two events prompt the Council of Trent, its goals, and its decisions?