alternative splicing

antisense RNA strand

cap

carboxy terminal domain (CTD)

coding strand

consensus sequence

constitutive

cosuppression

cotranscriptional processing

Dicer

double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)

downstream

elongation

endogenous gene

exon

functional RNA

gene expression

general transcription factor (GTF)

gene silencing

genetically modified organism (GMO)

GU-AG rule

initiation

intron

long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)

messenger RNA (mRNA)

microRNA (miRNA)

non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA)

piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)

poly(A) tail

post-transcriptional processing

preinitiation complex (PIC)

primary transcript (pre-mRNA)

promoter

proteome

pulse-chase experiment

ribose

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

ribozyme

RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)

RNA interference (RNAi)

RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase holoenzyme

RNA processing

RNA splicing

RNA world

self-splicing intron

sigma factor (σ)

small interfering RNA (siRNA)

small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

spliceosome

splicing

TATA-binding protein (TBP)

TATA box

template

termination

transcript

transcription

transcription bubble

transfer RNA (tRNA)

transgene

3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR)

5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR)

upstream

uracil (U)