//this makes the chapter number appear only on the intro page
var h2_text = $("[data-block_type='intro'] h2").text();
var new_header ="
3
" + h2_text + "
";
$("[data-block_type='intro'] h2").replaceWith(new_header);
//footnotes and glossary arrays
var footnote_id= new Array();
footnote_id ['3_1'] = "1. See Brooke Kroeger, Nellie Bly: Daredevil, Reporter, Feminist (New York: Times Books/Random House, 1994).";
footnote_id ['3_2'] = "2. “Newspaper Ad Revs Fall 7% in Q1,” News & Tech, June 3, 2011, http://www.newsandtech.com/news/article_85a668a2-8c6e-11e0-9f93-001cc4c002e0.html.";
footnote_id ['3_3'] = "3. Michael Schudson, Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers (New York: Basic Books, 1978), 23.";
footnote_id ['3_4'] = "4. See David T. Z. Mindich, “Edwin M. Stanton, the Inverted Pyramid, and Information Control,” Journalism Monographs 140 (August 1993).";
footnote_id ['3_5'] = "5. Curtis D. MacDougall, The Press and Its Problems (Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown, 1964), 143, 189.";
footnote_id ['3_6'] = "6. Walter Lippmann, Liberty and the News (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920), 92.";
footnote_id ['3_7'] = "7. Dianiela Gevson, “Spanish-Language Dailies Expand a Bitter Battle,” New York Sun, January 21, 2004, p. 2.";
footnote_id ['3_8'] = "8. Project for Excellence in Journalism, The State of the News Media 2007, http://www.stateofthemedia.org/2007.";
footnote_id ['3_9'] = "9. See Mark Fitzgerald, “ASNE Survey: Over Last Year, Dailies Shrank Their Newsrooms by the Biggest Margin in Three Decades,” Editor & Publisher, April 13, 2008, www.editorandpublisher.com.";
footnote_id ['3_10'] = "10. “The New Face of Washington’s Press Corps,” Pew Research Center Publications, February 11, 2009, http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1115/washington-press-corps-study.";
footnote_id ['3_11'] = "11. Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism, The State of the News Media 2011, http://www.stateofthemedia.org/2011/.";
footnote_id ['3_12'] = "12. Seth Mnookin, “The Kingdom and the Paywall,” New York, July 24, 2011, http://nymag.com/news/media/new-york-times-2011-8/.";
footnote_id ['3_13'] = "13. John Carroll, “News War, Part 3,” Frontline, PBS, February 27, 2007, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar/etc/script3.html.";
footnote_id ['3_14'] = "1. Alan Rusbridger, “How We Broke the Murdoch Scandal,” Newsweek, July 17, 2011, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/07/17/how-the-guardian-broke-the-news-of-the-world-hacking-scandal.html.";
footnote_id ['3_15'] = "1. “What Is Newser?” Newser, accessed December 2011, http://www.newser.com/what-is-newser.aspx.";
footnote_id ['3_16'] = "2. Mark Cuban, “My Advice to Fox & MySpace on Selling Content—Yes You Can,” Blog Maverick, August 8, 2009, http://blogmaverick.com/2009/08/08/my-advice-to-fox-myspace-on-selling-content-yes-you-can/.";
footnote_id ['3_17'] = "3. Michael Wolff, “Mark Cuban Is a Big Fat Idiot—News Will Stay Free,” Huffington Post, August 12, 2009, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-wolff/mark-cuban-is-a-big-fat-i_b_257483.html.";
footnote_id ['3_18'] = "4. See “The New News,” James Cameron Memorial Lecture, September 22, 2010, http://image.guardian.co.uk/sysfiles/Media/documents/2010/09/23/DownieCameron.pdf; and Jack Shaffer, “Len Downie Calls Arianna Huffington a Parasite,” Slate, September 23, 2010, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/press_box/2010/09/len_downie_calls_arianna_huffington_a_parasite.html.";
footnote_id ['3_19'] = "5. Arianna Huffington, “Leonard Downie’s Downer,” Guardian, September 23, 2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/sep/23/huffington-post-washington-post.";
var glossary_term= new Array();
glossary_term ['partisanpress'] = "partisan press: an early dominant style of American journalism distinguished by opinion newspapers, which generally argued one political point of view or pushed the plan of the particular party that subsidized the paper.";
glossary_term ['news'] = "news: the process of gathering information and making narrative reports—edited by individuals in a news organization—that create selected frames of reference and help the public make sense of prominent people, important events, and unusual happenings in everyday life.";
glossary_term ['newshole'] = "newshole: the space left over in a newspaper for news content after all the ads are placed.";
glossary_term ['pennypapers'] = "penny papers: (also penny press) refers to newspapers that, because of technological innovations in printing, were able to drop their price to one cent beginning in the 1830s, thereby making papers affordable to working and emerging middle classes and enabling newspapers to become a genuine mass medium.";
glossary_term ['humanintereststories'] = "human-interest stories: news accounts that focus on the trials and tribulations of the human condition, often featuring ordinary individuals facing extraordinary challenges.";
glossary_term ['wireservices'] = "wire services: commercial organizations, such as the Associated Press, that share news stories and information by relaying them around the country and the world, originally via telegraph and now via satellite transmission.";
glossary_term ['yellowjournalism'] = "yellow journalism: a newspaper style or era that peaked in the 1890s; it emphasized high-interest stories, sensational crime news, large headlines, and serious reports that exposed corruption, particularly in business and government.";
glossary_term ['objectivejournalism'] = "objective journalism: a modern style of journalism that distinguishes factual reports from opinion columns; reporters strive to remain neutral toward the issue or event they cover, searching out competing points of view among the sources for a story.";
glossary_term ['interpretivejournalism'] = "interpretive journalism: a type of journalism that involves analyzing and explaining key issues or events and placing them in a broader historical or social context.";
glossary_term ['invertedpyramidstyle'] = "inverted-pyramid style: a style of journalism in which news reports begin with the most dramatic or news-worthy information—answering who, what, where, and when (and less frequently why or how) questions at the top of the story—and then tail off with less significant details.";
glossary_term ['literaryjournalism'] = "literary journalism: the adaptation of fiction techniques, such as detailed setting descriptions or extensive dialogue, to nonfiction material and in-depth reporting.";
glossary_term ['consensusorientedjournalism'] = "consensus-oriented journalism: found in small communities, newspapers that promote social and economic harmony by providing community calendars and meeting notices and carrying articles on local schools, social events, town government, property crimes, and zoning issues.";
glossary_term ['conflictorientedjournalism'] = "conflict-oriented journalism: found in metropolitan areas, newspapers that define news primarily as events, issues, or experiences that deviate from social norms; journalists see their role as observers who monitor their city’s institutions and problems.";
glossary_term ['featuresyndicates'] = "feature syndicates: commercial outlets or brokers, such as United Features and King Features, that contract with newspapers to provide work from well-known political writers, editorial cartoonists, comic-strip artists, and self-help columnists.";
glossary_term ['jointoperatingagreement'] = "joint operating agreement (JOA): in the newspaper industry, an economic arrangement, sanctioned by the government, that permits competing newspapers to operate separate editorial divisions while merging business and production operations.";
glossary_term ['newspaperchains'] = "newspaper chain: a large company that owns several papers throughout the country.";
glossary_term ['paywall'] = "paywall: an arrangement restricting Web site access to paid subscribers.";
glossary_term ['citizenjournalism'] = "citizen journalism: a grassroots movement wherein activist amateurs and concerned citizens, not professional journalists, use Internet tools like blogs to disseminate news and information.";