Chapter 1. The Editor’s Studio

Introduction

Chapter 15
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You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

Communicating the Science of Psychology

In this activity, you will explore how to use APA-style writing to communicate clearly, consistently, and concisely with others.

Dr. Melanie Maggard

Dr. Natalie J. Ciarocco, Monmouth University

Dr. David B. Strohmetz, University of West Florida

Dr. Gary W. Lewandowski, Jr., Monmouth University

Something to Think About…

The APA style of writing is technical, meaning that when we write an APA-style report, our writing must be clear, consistent, and concise. Unlike in more artistic styles of writing, where we may use flowery language and detailed explanations to convey a point, we use technical writing to communicate ideas and research in the most easily understandable, least-biased format possible.

PixDeluxe/Shutterstock

Something to Think About…

When you know how to write in APA style, you become better able to communicate effectively with others. Keep in mind that one of the qualities of a good researcher is the ability to communicate findings in order to advance science. But this ability can only come with practice—and more practice!

Instructions

Jacek Dudzinski/Shutterstock

Let’s put your APA-style communication skills to the test. The following questions will ask you to choose the best option for communicating information, and they will help you practice writing more clearly, simply, and directly.

Say It Succinctly

© Blue Jean Images/Corbis

Conaway and DeBoer (2015) conducted a correlational analysis of TV-viewing time and BMI scores in children between kindergarten and the first grade. Results showed a positive correlation between the number of hours of television watched and BMI.

Question 1.1

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2
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Correct.
Incorrect.

Say It Succinctly

Maggard (2000) provided male and female college students with informational, controlling, or no feedback after they completed an anagram task. Before completing a second anagram task, students received feedback about their initial performance on the task. Female students who received informational feedback had significantly higher self-efficacy when given the second anagram task compared to those who received controlling or no feedback.

Question 1.2

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
2
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Correct.
Incorrect.

Choose Your Words Wisely

© Blue Jean Images/Corbis

A correlational analysis of IQ and head size of children between the ages of 4 and 7 showed a significant positive correlation (Jensen & Johnson, 1994).

Question 1.3

9n7BQhjSxmgiTPj4VWbMTYiFuANd0AffPLia70yyR/Fjz7eTCHaZFcQywC3WHHDbTPz51q1o9FzrCUfcBocUFD/fDM37j3S2IUVJGyZfW+Izd/2HW3Kbv475p5QGvQhsqNY9aCTtJou0Lvt9xZPAbrG8Z84DOJXQV0x9Km6ujahyQ25pUSG07JB4FOEzuK32kXjD0Z2/Q5kk3TNyMmxaN5VbIpoHexwF336TcSL8Tmfg+LED9S15OZU/9BbwXrPDklhkZi54wZPCxvoWPPqcSWTGqJPVz48ZnuZD9/dsonBjyX2UHBCVzq1TgYl62VQm6Avqx+Y4nxOk81a1mdhFZUrZzW1i0iMo+tCeMyTkhP4eMGpCTIs9vLatqMzEIhnsNKgpi/kk8S37cqTi5k3JIVt+NTf1+szXJegoO3Apxt2yi3FI5iRM47GurlfBNDD9QCUQ0XxD1QMfne8ABoQ0xQPiw3Tpz6WYuTDMHAm/JVAj6A/ySPv1HZcTIabRh/S1J4unpgInALw+ClO5dIcsMVIWZvFuzcQD8Ie4qiudoSkBe2JEqFH1AcK3QKcT56fqa1J5eBR2rlOz+iLk1LHCe7D8k2DAUB5w7fyiXxEqegRVnbwnU0PROs9ccZ36mjOBGytEbaaFvPgbjiNzK1JELfggqIJZQ735EwETU61KV0YwiLcFu78Mc2ZRt2j1SNhHs5sZV2VagTHkynHcPd2ayjove041rvIYbHv0BobaHe+J3O/6LszdMxrRFmTq2ZvRCyRNrEkipAgZsvqMw1aH5yXLPcX1OsSYHyMn6f2dNUV6GwvgjIi8lloJwHbvoiSy9S6fmZvsdiQLl41nj7e9aLu3d/L/f1UDaKS9EyEu7Lldyby3GzUrM0XBwC0ZmM7MTzcyqD7LIflq0GeGBMz7OE+coSlm2AJyF/lcHw4ex7xu3ieJANoLmLziO1r3orbuPLukLCscZKtVSqS0Qdu7MVkDrklVmwFS9IEvZalDoC4S7+eHh+hfh3zqpCZLUHw282GaZxE+FPWwimNYOmThvSlwWy665KkeZbC8KMMsthc3QUUlt+8MMIKwNR4D8SVGHE/YpJgJ6h9devsXOEM3mGXjVdoD99aK2PAr8fpwxEzL5Sl+Z65YkXNJpfh4nRV+8s/OqyQ7uzLoL80m9jJ80tAwU3grYq84UqJPDQsZE+DhnD+oXfU92yoWVrQ4MA+kNjuMnb0vPOCbtuUf5Re9YVBWv/S3nfy+/pfnSa+g9Ed1kAviolHvHA==
2
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Correct.
Incorrect.

Choose Your Words Wisely

Dittmar, Halliwell, and Ive (2006) conducted a study exposing young girls to images of Barbie dolls (representing ultra-thin body ideals), Emme dolls (representing more realistic body ideals), or no dolls at all. When they measured body esteem after exposure, those girls who were exposed to Barbie dolls had lower body esteem than those in the Emme dolls or no dolls conditions.

Question 1.4

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2
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Correct.
Incorrect.

Use Your Verb Tenses Correctly

© Blue Jean Images/Corbis

Question 1.5

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
2
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Correct.
Incorrect.

Use Your Verb Tenses Correctly

Question 1.6

ini6emkMaHWMYv8AEiT3juhE9paePAVX5ofbK6Qnuz51xub7GZUBHBb2gLQOXX0WFwm9R+1VQNbLlYDB+JWn4BgEx9ZIvbhz3effrFCEag2/V03dQDzbDiOivT0rlMe5MhvL10CXADmplyJ0NyLnh1Dl+hKy41iZsb96RUMTBvEezsts6yETYiongjWhEeGyfHhwqRQuUP82ZjWP793mf770Lu5eZi7TiojIER5Q/DRvgw+akExXGbzvW3P/oVJHiBQoGPGylNotFaJ3tPFHbCandv8Xmwe+4+4+M1sIt5+zVEhwC89+6z2OUafeniNcVbEKEaroL1ldZGttO8pWQF9NTyY7ZIUkM+VnS2zOaa42RQiuu0zHt65Por6QDCghwIkxKGOkHXxwUz3Sm2Thzk5WiqI4z1oXtz2azml+1B8JfGFx7hD07VPOGSAC/6lesNLhwsQ9YZCxXi0StnJsRvpgqPUvVuzmImSc8Ih/n5WNAkhYfSW9mzcsBKQ/hTcpoB4tFkLkplWRMK42rDbDIkH9rvWCTwpYI1bUwnh6YDGgnlg3p2cjHRdCCJ2RdTAnk1G28O8PRQ1pc/kZHWAKpxPDAA1JWAuKBiUker3aW4BvJ3HGh7zNruRc5XRSrA7FvqupbyE2GIfjRzrwIaHWyGxsmFVn6V5hEiXAFC5esCM1YTOS6P9dTSac0ZoOmhH6hsGhUBaeFoEEMIxGnJKZNxxBkN91mpekhivi4kPzTaF/c95ksXi4jqIph8KQ34yZUjX6+XBPt0E6+L7FBbI2RNP3Y9heLb1eXuHD7dYEqZ6OSQcoFheTMkjjUQ5igeZK9b64wmprptb0PbTOYmVHdeL9evpfBBAnp8ySeT4MensQVD0OhmskThMw9Vt7/a0fLNBTyQplw6S/8H15BpSVsCl6y/ytN/gOc+gq+gbB1bchM1HMmiB2puiQuIlUfAnIVEN0MIOraugbm2ipHhtF9ziTlxK/eszfHCtJMEWM79N7uZbuOYxI/zNgM/GuL0xj2l5gCQYAdgjF4bKjBZ+VVw==
2
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Correct.
Incorrect.

Keep Things Clear and Organized

© Blue Jean Images/Corbis

Question 1.7

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
2
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Correct.
Incorrect.

Keep Things Clear and Organized

Question 1.8

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
2
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Correct.
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Take Home Message

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As you proceed in your academic and professional career, it might be useful to consider the old adage K.I.S.S.—or, “Keep It Simple, Stupid!”—when it comes to writing. The more clear, concise, and consistent your writing, the better able you are to communicate your ideas.

Although mastering the ability to write simply and directly requires practice, doing so allows us to contribute to the advancement of science. APA style provides guidelines for how we can communicate more effectively, and, as a result, be better researchers.

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