| Community or taxon | Location | Observed changes | Climate link |
|---|
| Tree line | Europe, New Zealand | Elevational shifts from lower to higher mountain zones | Increased air temperature |
| Alpine plants | European alps | Elevational shifts of 1–4 m per decade | Increased air temperature |
| Zooplankton, intertidal invertebrate, and fish communities | California coast, North Atlantic Ocean | Increasing abundance of warm-water species | Increased ocean temperature |
| 39 butterfly species | North America, Europe | Northward range shifts up to 200 km over 27 years | Increased air temperature |
| Lowland birds | Costa Rica | Elevational shifts from lower to higher mountain zones | Decreased dry-season mist frequency |
| 12 bird species | Britain | Northward range shifts up to 19 km over 20 years | Increased winter air temperature |
| Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) | Canada | Northward range shift of Red fox and simultaneous southward range shift of Arctic fox | Increased air temperature |