key concept 30.4 Animal Life Cycles Involve Trade-Offs

The life cycle of an animal encompasses its embryonic development, birth, growth to maturity, reproduction, and death. During its life an individual animal ingests food, grows, interacts with other individuals of the same and other species, and reproduces.

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  • Direct development and metamorphosis each have advantages under different conditions.

  • Life cycles often involve trade-offs.

  • Animal colonies can provide some of the same specializations provided by multicellularity.