Chapter Summary

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57.1 Ecosystem Science Considers How Energy and Nutrients Flow through Biotic and Abiotic Environments

57.2 Energy and Nutrients in Ecosystems Are First Captured by Primary Producers

57.3 Food Webs Transfer Energy and Nutrients from Primary Producers to Consumers

57.4 Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems Involves Chemical and Biological Transformations

57.5 Ecosystems Provide Important Services and Values to Humans

See Activity 57.2 for a concept review of this chapter.

Go to LearningCurve (in LaunchPad) for dynamic quizzing that helps you solidify your understanding of this chapter. LearningCurve adapts to your responses, giving you the practice you need to master each key concept.