1.2 Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

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The biological universe consists of two types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells such as bacteria consist of a single closed compartment that is surrounded by a plasma membrane, lack a defined nucleus, and have a relatively simple internal organization (Figure 1-11). Eukaryotic cells contain a defined membrane-bounded nucleus and extensive internal membranes that enclose the organelles (see Figure 1-12).