Page numbers followed by “f” indicate figures.

Page numbers followed by “t” indicate tables.

UASs. See Upstream activating sequences

Ubiquinone, 541. See also Coenzyme Q

Ubiquitin, 98f, 99–100

Ubiquitinylation

protein regulation and, 103–104

securin, 901–902

signaling pathways controlled by, 751–760

UCPs. See Uncoupling proteins

Ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation), 206, 206f, 207, 375, 906

Umami taste, 1066

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs), 559

Unfolded-protein response, 606–607, 606f

Unicellular eukaryotic model organisms, 19–24

Uniport transport, 477–478

Uniporters, 476

Universal code, 184f, 185

deviations from, 185t

Unsaturated fatty acids, 48–49, 50, 293

Untranslated regions (UTRs), 181

Upstream, 364

Upstream activating sequences (UASs), 380

Upstream control elements, 412–413

Uracil, 45, 46f

UTRs. See Untranslated regions

UV radiation. See Ultraviolet radiation