KEY CONCEPTS

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Inflation

Hyperinflation

Money

Store of value

Unit of account

Medium of exchange

Fiat money

Commodity money

Gold standard

Monetary policy

Central bank

Bank of Canada

Open-market operations

Currency

Demand deposits

Quantity equation

Transactions velocity of money

Income velocity of money

Real money balances

Money demand function

Quantity theory of money

Seigniorage

Nominal and real interest rates

Fisher equation and Fisher effect

Ex ante and ex post real interest rates

Shoeleather costs

Menu costs

Real and nominal variables

Classical dichotomy

Monetary neutrality