| 481–752 | 800–900 |
| – Merovingian dynasty | – Free peasants in western Europe increasingly tied to the land as serfs |
| ca. 571–632 | 843 |
| – Life of the Prophet Muhammad | – Treaty of Verdun divides Carolingian kingdom |
| 651 | 850–1000 |
| – Official version of the Qur’an published | – Most extensive Viking voyages and conquests |
| 711 | ca. 900 |
| – Muslim forces defeat Visigothic kingdom | – Establishment of Kievan Rus |
| 711–720 | 911 |
| – Muslim conquest of Spain | – Vikings establish Normandy |
| ca. 760–840 | 950 |
| – Carolingian Renaissance | – Muslim Córdoba is Europe’s largest and most prosperous city |
| 768–814 | 1000 |
| – Reign of Charlemagne | – Stephen crowned first king of Hungary |
| 800 | |
| – Imperial coronation of Charlemagne | |