| 936–973 | 1170 |
| – Reign of Otto I in Germany; facilitates spread of Christianity in the Baltics and eastern Europe | – Thomas Becket assassinated in England |
| 1059 | 1180–1223 |
| – Lateran Council restricts election of the pope to the college of cardinals | – Reign of Philip II (Philip Augustus) in France; territory of France greatly expanded |
| 1061–1091 | 1198–1216 |
| – Normans defeat Muslims and Byzantines in Sicily | – Innocent III; height of the medieval papacy |
| 1066 | 1215 |
| – Norman conquest of England | – Magna Carta |
| 1073–1085 | 1216 |
| – Pontificate of Pope Gregory VII, proponent of Gregorian reforms | – Papal recognition of Dominican order |
| 1095–1291 | 1221 |
| – Crusades | – Papal recognition of Franciscan order |
| 1098 | 1290 |
| – Cistercian order established | – Jews expelled from England |
| 1100–1135 | 1298 |
| – Reign of Henry I of England; establishment of the Exchequer, England’s bureau of finance | – Pope Boniface VIII orders all nuns to be cloistered |
| 1100–1200 | 1302 |
| – Establishment of canon law | – Pope Boniface VIII declares all Christians subject to the pope in Unam Sanctam |
| 1154–1189 | 1306 |
| – Reign of Henry II of England; revision of legal procedure; beginnings of common law | – Jews expelled from France |
| 1397 |
| – Queen Margrete establishes Union of Kalmar |