How did Protestant ideas and institutions spread beyond German-speaking lands?

SSTATES WITHIN THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE were the earliest territories to accept the Protestant Reformation, but by the later 1520s and 1530s, religious change came to Denmark-Norway, Sweden, England, France, and eastern Europe. In most of these areas, a second generation of reformers built on Lutheran and Zwinglian ideas to develop their own theology and plans for institutional change.

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Young John CalvinThis oil painting of the reformer as a young man captures his spiritual intensity and determination, qualities that the artist clearly viewed as positive. (De Agostini Picture Library/G. Costa/The Bridgeman Art Library)