>How did nationalism shape the development of Western government and political life in the second half of the nineteenth century? Chapter 23 examines the rise of nationalism and the nation-state in the nineteenth century. In the years that followed the revolutions of 1848, Western society progressively developed, for better or worse, an effective organizing principle capable of coping with the many-sided challenges of the unfinished industrial and political revolutions and the emerging urban society. That principle was nationalism — mass identification with the nation-state. Just as industrialization and urbanization had brought vast changes to class relations, family lifestyles, science, and culture, the triumph of nationalism remade territorial boundaries and forged new relations between the nation-state and its citizens.