NATION BUILDING AND MODERNIZATION

How did Napoleon III use the memory of the French Revolution to promote national unity and legitimize his own authority?

How successful were the modernization efforts of the Russian and Ottoman empires?

THE RESPONSIVE NATIONAL STATE

Compare and contrast the relationship between the people and the government in France and Britain in the late nineteenth century.

Compare and contrast the domestic politics of Germany and Austria-Hungary in the late nineteenth century.

MARXISM AND THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT

What was the relationship between nationalism and socialism in the late nineteenth century? How did European governments respond to the challenge of international socialism?

Why did most workers reject radical socialism? What does this tell us about working-class values and ambitions in the late nineteenth century?

MAKE CONNECTIONS

What role did Enlightenment thought and romanticism play in shaping nineteenth-century nationalism?

In your opinion, is nationalism as potent a force now as it was in the decades before World War I? Why or why not?