Philosophical inquiry, long a hallmark of Greek culture, took on new importance in the Hellenistic Period. Unsettled by the changes that followed Alexander’s conquests and no longer confident in the ability of traditional religion to provide certainty and stability, an increasing number of Greeks turned to philosophy for consolation and guidance. The documents included below provide insight into three of the most important Hellenistic philosophies: Cynicism, Epicureanism, and Stoicism. Although different in many ways, all three focused on a single question: in a world of constant change, where all the old certainties seem to be disintegrating, how should one live? As you read the documents, ask yourself how each philosophy answered this question. What advice did each offer to Hellenistic Greeks in search of happiness, contentment, and peace?