ca. 3000–1200 B.C.E.	499–404 B.C.E.
Helladic period	Persian and Peloponnesian wars
ca. 2000–1100 B.C.E.	323–30 B.C.E.
Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations	Hellenistic period
ca. 1200–323 B.C.E.	336–324 B.C.E.
Hellenic period	Alexander the Great’s military campaigns
ca. 1100–800 B.C.E.	323–ca. 300 B.C.E.
Greece’s Dark Age; population declines, trade decreases, writing disappears	Civil wars lead to the establishment of the Ptolemaic, Antigonid, and Seleucid dynasties
ca. 800–500 B.C.E.	168 B.C.E.
Archaic age; rise of the polis; Greek colonization of the Mediterranean	Roman overthrow of the Antigonid dynasty
ca. 700–500 B.C.E.	30 B.C.E.
Sparta and Athens develop distinctive political institutions	Roman conquest of Egypt; Ptolemaic dynasty ends
ca. 500–338 B.C.E.
Classical period; development of drama, philosophy, and major building projects in Athens