What cultural advances occurred under the rule of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?
Music in a GardenThis illustration of a courtly romance depicts several women in a garden intently listening to a musician, with cups of a beverage in their hands. (The Granger Collection, NYC — All rights reserved.)
AALL THREE ISLAMIC EMPIRES presided over an extraordinary artistic and intellectual flowering. At the same time, new religious practices (and conflicts) emerged. Artistic and intellectual advances spread from culture to culture, probably because of the common Persian influence on the Turks since the tenth century. This exchange was also aided by common languages.