How have migration and the circulation of capital and technology continued to shape the world?

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The Bazaar EconomyThese merchant women selling vegetables in Pisac, Peru, form part of an informal economy. (© Juergen Ritterbach/vario Images RM/age fotostock)

MMUCH OF THE HISTORY IN THIS TEXTBOOK is driven by the circulation of peoples over great distances. Migration continues to be one of the great engines of history, though its experience exposes one of the major contradictions in the way liberalization has been conducted: governments have pressed for the free circulation of goods and capital, but have sought to limit the movement of people across borders.