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Made from plant reeds, papyrus is first used as paper and rolled into scrolls. |
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The Chinese make book-like objects from strips of wood and bamboo. |
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The first protomodern book is produced by the Romans. |
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These books are created by priests and monks through-out Europe. |
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The Chinese invent movable type, significantly speeding up printing time. |
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Gutenberg invents the printing press, forming the prototype for mass production. |
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Stephen Daye prints a collection of biblical psalms. |
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French scholars begin compiling articles in alphabetical order. |
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The book industry forms prestigious companies that produce and market works of good writers. |
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William H. McGuffey publishes the Eclectic Reader, helping American students learn how to read. |
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“Pulp fiction” paperbacks become popular among middle- and working-class readers. |
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New printing techniques lower the cost of books in the United States. |
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Book-of-the-Month Club and Literary Guild are formed. |
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The book industry targets various occupational groups. |
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The chain formation of superstores begins. |
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The first online book distributor is established. |
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Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows has record-breaking sales of 13.1 million copies. |
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Amazon.com introduces the Kindle, the most successful e-book reader to date. |
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The chain closes all of its stores as brick-and-mortar stores lose business to digital sales. |