CHAPTER 3 TIMELINE

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  • 1690 First Colonial Newspaper
 Boston printer Benjamin Harris publishes Publick Occurrences, Both Forreign and Domestick.
  • 1734 Press Freedom
 John Peter Zenger is arrested for seditious libel; jury rules in his favor in 1735—establishing freedom of press and newpapers’ right to criticize government.
  • 1827 First African American Newspaper
 Freedom’s Journal is founded.
  • 1828 First Native American Newspaper
 The Cherokee Phoenix is founded.
  • 1833 Penny Press
 Printer Benjamin Day founds the New York Sun and helps usher in the penny press era.
  • 1848 Associated Press
 Six New York newspapers form the Associated Press (AP), relaying news stories around the country via telegraph.
  • 1883 Yellow Journalism
 Pulitzer buys the New York World; the battle with Hearst’s New York Journal heats up in 1895 during the heyday of yellow journalism.
  • 1887 Nellie Bly
 Nellie Bly’s first article on the conditions in women’s insane asylums is printed in the New York World, an early effort in investigative journalism.
  • 1896 Modern Journalism
 Adolph Ochs buys The New York Times, jump-starting modern “objective journalism.”
  • 1913 First U.S.-Based Spanish Paper
 El Diario-La Prensa is founded.
  • 1955 First Underground Paper
 Village Voice begins operation.
  • 1980 First Online Paper
 Ohio’s Columbus Dispatch becomes the first newspaper to go online.
  • 1982 Postmodern News
 Gannett chain launches USA Today, ushering in the postmodern era in which news is modeled after television.
  • 2001 Dominance of Chains
 Top 10 newspaper chains control more than one-half of the nation’s total daily newspaper circulation.
  • 2007 Online Growth
 Most newspapers offer some kind of online news service.
  • 2007 Joint Operating Agreements
 Joint operating agreements (JOAs) remain in place in ten U.S. cities.