Norte Chico / Caral, 61; 64

Indus Valley civilization, 65

Central Asian / Oxus civilization, 67

Olmec civilization, 67; 79

Uruk, 69

Epic of Gilgamesh, 69; 82

Mohenjo Daro / Harappa, 69; 70

Code of Hammurabi, 71

patriarchy, 73–75

rise of the state, 75–79

Egypt, 80–88

Sumer, 83–87

Paneb, 84–85

Nubia, 87