| 4.1 Species and ecosystem diversity are key elements of biodiversity
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| 4.2 Geographic patterns and processes influence biodiversity
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| 4.3 Some species influence biodiversity much more than others
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| 4.4 Ecological succession affects community composition and diversity
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| 4.5 Global species richness results from a balance between speciation and extinction
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| 4.6 Habitat fragmentation reduces biodiversity
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| 4.7 Valuable services of ecosystems are threatened
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| 4.8 Many invasive species harm ecosystems
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| 4.9 The number of protected areas has grown rapidly
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| 4.10 Nongovernmental conservation complements governmental programs
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| 4.11 Sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services requires active management
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| 4.12 Integrating conservation with local communities can help sustain protected areas
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| Central Question: How can we protect Earthâs diverse ecosystems?
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| Chapter 4: Review Questions
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