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DAVID G. MYERS

Hope College

Holland, Michigan

C. NATHAN DEWALL

University of Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky

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Publisher, Psychology and Sociology: Rachel Losh

Executive Marketing Manager: Katherine Nurre

Development Editors: Christine Brune, Nancy Fleming, Trish Morgan

Assistant Editor: Nadina Persaud

Editorial Assistant: Katie Pachnos

Director of Editing, Design, and Media Production: Tracey Kuehn

Media Editor: Lauren Samuelson

Supplements Editor: Betty Probert

Photo Editor: Robin Fadool

Photo Researcher: Lisa Passmore

Art Director: Diana Blume

Cover Designer and Interior Designer: Charles Yuen

Layout Designer: Lee Ann McKevitt

Managing Editor: Lisa Kinne

Project Editor: Robert Errera

Art Manager: Matthew McAdams

Illustrations: TSI Graphics, Keith Kasnot, Todd Buck

Production Manager: Sarah Segal

Composition: TSI Graphics

Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley

Cover Photo: Macduff Everton/The Image Bank/Getty Images. Chapter Opener Credits (both for book and table of contents pages): pp. x, liv: Henk Badenhorst/Vetta/Getty Images; pp. x, 18: Holger Hill/© fStop/Alamy; pp. x, 50: © Gregg Vignal/Alamy; pp. xi, 90: Robert Churchill/E+/Getty Images; pp. xi, 132: Emily Shur/The Image Bank/Getty Images; pp. xi, 176: Nick White/Getty Images; pp. xii, 228: CaiaImage/CaiaImage/Superstock; pp. xii, 278: Rana Faure/Getty Images; pp. xii, 316: Dimitri Otis/Photographer’s Choice RF/Getty Images; pp. xiii, 354: Rawpixel/Shutterstock; pp. xiii, 384: © Ted Foxx/Alamy; pp. xiii, 418: Erik Snyder/Getty Images; pp. xiv, 458: Zia Soleil/Getty Images; pp. xiv, 516: Kristian Sekulic/E+/Getty Images; pp. xiv, 570: © Findlay/Alamy; pp. xv, 608: O. Louis Mazzatenta/National Geographic/Getty Images; pp. xv, 656, Chris Gramly/Getty Images

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014954159

ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-4081-5

ISBN-10: 1-4641-4081-2

© 2015, 2013, 2010, 2007 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Third Printing

David Myers’ royalties from the sale of this book are assigned to the David and Carol Myers Foundation, which exists to receive and distribute funds to other charitable organizations.

Worth Publishers

41 Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10010

www.macmillanhighered.com

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For Danielle Baker, in celebration of your becoming part of our family

To Charles K. DeWall, tireless educator, delightful dad, and consummate artist

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