Chapter 17 Formulas

df_χ² = k − 1 (degrees of freedom for chi-square test for goodness of fit)

df_χ² = (k_row − 1)(k_colomn − 1) (degrees of freedom for chi-square test for independence)

Expected frequency for each cell = , where we use the overall number of participants, N, along with the totals for the rows and columns for each particular cell

Cramer’s