Frontmatter Introduction

Vice President, Editing, Design, and Media Production: Catherine Woods

Publisher: Kevin Feyen

Executive Marketing Manager: Katherine Nurre

Development Editors: Christine Brune, Nancy Fleming

Assistant Editor: Nadina Persaud

Media Editor: Anthony Casciano

Supplements Editor: Betty Probert

Photo Editor: Robin Fadool

Photo Researcher: Donna Ranieri

Art Director: Barbara Reingold

Cover Designer: Lyndall Culbertson

Chapter Opener Designer, Interior and Layout Designer: Charles Yuen

Cover Photo: Geri Lavrov/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images

Cover Illustration: Celia Johnson

Director of Print and Digital Development: Tracey Kuehn

Managing Editor: Lisa Kinne

Senior Project Editor: Jane O’Neill

Illustration Coordinator: Matt McAdams Illustrations: Shawn Barber, Keith Kasnot, Matt McAdams, Evelyn Pence, Don Stewart, TSI Graphics

Production Manager: Sarah Segal

Composition: TSI Graphics

Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013957984

ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-0936-2

ISBN-10: 1-4641-0936-2

© 2014, 2012, 2009 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Eighth Printing

David Myers’ royalties from the sale of this book are assigned to the David and Carol Myers Foundation, which exists to receive and distribute funds to other charitable organizations.

Worth Publishers

41 Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10010

www.worthpublishers.com

Permission has been secured to reprint the following photos at the beginnings of chapters and in the table of contents:

pp. x top left, xlviii, Fotosearch/SuperStock; p. 1 top, Lane Oatey/Getty Images; p. 1 bottom, Maciej Oleksy/Shutterstock; pp. x top right, 28 center, RubberBall/SuperStock; p. 28 top, © Anna63/Dreamstime. com; p. 29, © Yuri Arcurs/INSADCO Photography/Alamy; pp. x bottom right, 66 bottom, Clover/SuperStock; pp. xi left, 66 top left, Image Source/Getty Images; p. 66 top center, Oliver Rossi/Corbis; p. 66 top right, © Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images/Corbis; p. 67 top, Juice Images/JupiterImages; p. 67 bottom, Andersen Ross/Blend Images/Alamy; p. 106, Image Source/SuperStock; p. 107 top, Petrenko Andriy/Shutterstock; p. 107 bottom, MGP/Getty Images; pp. xi right, 132 center, Trinette Reed/Blend Images/Getty Images; p. 132 top, Lauren Burke/Digital Vision/Getty Images; p. 133 top, Rubberball/Mike Kemp/Getty Images; p. 133 bottom, Eric Isselée/Shutterstock; pp. xii top left, 166, BLOOMimage/Getty Images; p. 167 top right, Eric Isselée/Shutterstock; p. 167 top left, Mike Kemp/Rubberball/Getty Images; p. 167 bottom, Stanislav Solntsev/Digital Vision/Getty Images; pp. xii bottom left (both images), 192 center, RubberBall/SuperStock; p. 192 top, © D. Hurst/Alamy; p. 193, © Sigrid Olsson/PhotoAlto/Corbis; pp. xii right, 218 center, RubberBall/SuperStock; p. 218 top, Lars Christensen/Shutterstock; p. 219 top, Jaimie Duplass/Shutterstock; p. 219 center, Johan Swanepoel/Alamy; p. 219 bottom, Life on white/Alamy; pp. xii left, 254, Don Bayley/Getty Images; p. 255 top, Thomas Northcut/Getty Images; p. 255 center, Photodisc/Getty; p. 255 bottom, lina aidukaite/Flickr RF/Getty Images; pp. xiii top right, 282 center, Ann Marie Kurtz/E+/Getty Images; p. 282 top, Rubberball/Mark Andersen/Getty Images; p. 283 top, © PhotosIndia.com LLC/Alamy; p. 283 center, © PhotoSpin, Inc/Alamy; p. 283 bottom, © D. Hurst/Alamy; pp. xiii bottom right, 310 center, Aurora Open/SuperStock; p. 310 top, © VStock/Alamy; p. 310 bottom, Image Source/Getty Images; p. 311 left, Craig Greenhill/Newspix/Getty Images; p. 311 right, Timothy Large/Shutterstock; Trinity Mirror/Mirrorpix/Alamy; pp. xiv left, 336, Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Getty Images; p. 337, © Hero Images/Corbis; pp. xiv right, 370 center, alberto gagna/E+/Getty Images; p. 370 top, © mikeledray/Shutterstock; p. 370 bottom, Hemera Technologies/Jupiterimages/Getty; p. 371, Martin Harvey/Jupiterimages; pp. xv, 408 bottom, Colin Hawkins/Cultura/Getty images; p. 408 top, jaroon/iStockphoto; p. 408 center, Tetra Images/Getty Images; p. 409 left, William Britten/iStock; p. 409 right, Rubberball/Nicole Hill/Jupiterimages