References

AAS. (2009, April 25). USA suicide: 2006 final data. Prepared for the American Association of Suicidology by J. L. McIntosh (www.suicidology.org). (p. 392)

Abbey, A. (1991). Acquaintance rape and alcohol consumption on college campuses: How are they linked? Journal of American College Health, 39, 165–169. (p. 382)

Abel, K. M., Drake, R., & Goldstein, J. M. (2010). Sex differences in schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry, 22, 417–428. (p. 398)

Abrams, D. B. (1991). AIDS: What young people believe and what they do. Paper presented at the British Association for the Advancement of Science conference. (p. 294)

Abrams, D. B., & Wilson, G. T. (1983). Alcohol, sexual arousal, and self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 188–198. (p. 384)

Abrams, L. (2008). Tip-of-the-tongue states yield language insights. American Scientist, 96, 234–239. (p. 208)

Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype. Psychological Review, 96, 358–372. (pp. 291, 395)

Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., and Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74. (p. 291)

Acevedo, B. P., & Aron, A. (2009). Does a long-term relationship kill romantic love? Review of General Psychology, 13, 59–65. (p. 362)

ACHA. (2009). American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference group executive summary Fall 2008. Baltimore: American College Health Association. (p. 390)

Ackerman, D. (2004). An alchemy of mind: The marvel and mystery of the brain. New York: Scribner. (p. 30)

Adams, H. E., Wright, L. W., Jr., & Lohr, B. A. (1996). Is homophobia associated with homosexual arousal? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 440–446. (p. 318)

Adelmann, P. K., Antonucci, T. C., Crohan, S. F., & Coleman, L. M. (1989). Empty nest, cohort, and employment in the well-being of midlife women. Sex Roles, 20, 173–189. (p. 99)

Adelstein, J. S., Shehzad, Z., Mennes, M., DeYoung, C. G., Zuo, X-N., Kelly, C., Margulies, D. S., Bloomfield, A., Gray, J. R., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2011). Personality is reflected in the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture. PLoS ONE, 6, e27633. (p. 324)

Aderka, I. M., Nickerson, A., Bøe, H. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Sudden gains during psychological treatments of anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 93–101. (p. 422)

Affleck, G., Tennen, H., Urrows, S., & Higgins, P. (1994). Person and contextual features of daily stress reactivity: Individual differences in relations of undesirable daily events with mood disturbance and chronic pain intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 329–340. (p. 302)

Agerström, J., Björklund, F., Carlsson, R., & Rooth, D-O. (2012). Warm and competent Hassan = cold and incompetent Eric: A harsh equation of real-life hiring discrimination. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 34, 359–366. (p. 350)

Aiello, J. R., Thompson, D. D., & Brodzinsky, D. M. (1983). How funny is crowding anyway? Effects of room size, group size, and the introduction of humor. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 4, 193–207. (p. 347)

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1973). The development of infant-mother attachment. In B. Caldwell & H. Ricciuti (Eds.), Review of child development research (Vol. 3). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (p. 82)

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Infant-mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34, 932–937. (p. 82)

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709–716. (p. 82)

Aknin, L. B., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas-Diener, R., & Norton, M. I. (2013). Prosocial spending and well-being: Cross-cultural evidence for a psychological universal. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 104, 635–652. (p. 301)

Alanko, K., Santtila, P., Harlaar, N., Witting, K., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Johansson, A., von der Pahlen, B., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2010). Common genetic effects of gender atypical behavior in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: A study of Finnish twins. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 81–92. (p. 123)

Albee, G. W. (1986). Toward a just society: Lessons from observations on the primary prevention of psychopathology. American Psychologist, 41, 891–898. (p. 432)

Albee, G. W. (2006). Historical overview of primary prevention of psychopathology: Address to the 3rd world conference on the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental and behavioral disorders September 15–17, 2004, Auckland, New Zealand. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 27, 449–456. (p. 432)

Alcock, J. (2011, March/April). Back from the future: Parapsychology and the Bem affair. Skeptical Inquirer, pp. 31–39. (p. 162)

Aldrich, M. S. (1989). Automobile accidents in patients with sleep disorders. Sleep, 12, 487–494. (p. 59)

Aldridge-Morris, R. (1989). Multiple personality: An exercise in deception. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 402)

Alexander, L., & Tredoux, C. (2010). The spaces between us: A spatial analysis of informal segregation. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 367–386. (p. 366)

Allen, J. R., & Setlow, V. P. (1991). Heterosexual transmission of HIV: A view of the future. Journal of the American Medical Association, 266, 1695–1696. (p. 117)

Allen, K. (2003). Are pets a healthy pleasure? The influence of pets on blood pressure. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 236–239. (p. 295)

Allen, M., D’Alessio. D., & Emmers-Sommer, T. M. (2000). Reactions of criminal sexual offenders to pornography: A meta-analytic summary. In M. Roloff (Ed.), Communication yearbook 22 (pp. 139–169). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (p. 118)

Allen, M., Emmers, T. M., Gebhardt, L., & Giery, M. (1995). Pornography and rape myth acceptance. Journal of Communication, 45, 5–26. (p. 118)

Allen, M. W., Gupta, R., & Monnier, A. (2008). The interactive effect of cultural symbols and human values on taste evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research, 35, 294–308. (p. 158)

Allen, N. B., & Badcock, P. B. T. (2003). The social risk hypothesis of depressed mood: Evolutionary, psychosocial, and neurobiological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 887–913. (p. 390)

Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. New York: Addison-Wesley. (pp. 14, 352)

Alsharif, A. (2011, September 25). Saudi king gives women right to vote. Reuters. (p. 113)

Altamirano, L. J., Miyake, A., & Whitmer, A. J. (2010). When mental inflexibility facilitates executive control: Beneficial side effects of ruminative tendencies on goal maintenance. Psychological Science, 21, 1377–1382. (p. 395)

Alwin, D. F. (1990). Historical changes in parental orientations to children. In N. Mandell (Ed.), Sociological studies of child development (Vol. 3). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. (p. 84)

AMA. (2010, accessed 13 January). Women medical school applicants (Table 2 of Statistics History). ama-assn.org. (p. 128)

Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer-Verlag. (p. 330)

Amabile, T. M., & Hennessey, B. A. (1992). The motivation for creativity in children. In A. K. Boggiano & T. S. Pittman (Eds.), Achievement and motivation: A social-developmental perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 226)

Ambady, N. (2010). The perils of pondering: Intuition and thin slice judgments. Psychological Inquiry, 21, 271–278. (p. 326)

Ambrose, C. T. (2010). The widening gyrus. American Scientist, 98, 270–274. (p. 74)

Amedi, A., Merabet, L. B., Bermpohl, F., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2005). The occipital cortex in the blind: Lessons about plasticity and vision. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 306–311. (p. 47)

Amen, D. G., Stubblefield, M., Carmichael, B., & Thisted, R. (1996). Brain SPECT findings and aggressiveness. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 8, 129–137. (p. 355)

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2009). Policy statement—media violence. Pediatrics, 124, 1495–1503. (p. 188)

American Enterprise. (1992, January/February). Women, men, marriages & ministers, 106. (p. 332)

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. (pp. 372, 382, 391)

American Psychological Association. (2007). Answers to your questions about sexual orientation and homosexuality (www.apa.org. Accessed December 6, 2007). (p. 121)

Ames, D. R., & Flynn, F. J. (2007). What breaks a leader: The curvilinear relation between assertiveness and leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 307–324. (p. B-6)

Andersen, R. A., Burdick, J. W., Musallam, S., Pesaran, B., & Cham, J. G. (2004). Cognitive neural prosthetics. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 486–493. (p. 44)

Andersen, S. M. (1998). Service learning: A National Strategy for Youth Development. A position paper issued by the Task Force on Education Policy. Washington, DC: Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies, George Washington University. (p. 88)

Anderson, B. L. (2002). Biobehavioral outcomes following psychological interventions for cancer patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 590–610. (p. 289)

Anderson, C. A. (2004a). An update on the effects of playing violent video games. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 113–122. (pp. 357, 358)

Anderson, C. A., Anderson, K. B., Dorr, N., DeNeve, K. M., & Flanagan, M. (2000). Temperature and aggression. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. San Diego: Academic Press. (p. 356)

Anderson, C. A., Bushman, B. J., & Groom, R. W. (1997). Hot years and serious and deadly assault: Empirical tests of the heat hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1213–1223. (p. 356)

Anderson, C. A., & Delisi, M. (2011). Implications of global climate change for violence in developed and developing countries. In J. Forgas, A. Kruglanski., & K. Williams (eds.), The psychology of social conflict and aggression. New York: Psychology Press. (p. 356)

Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 772–790. (p. 358)

Anderson, C. A., & Gentile, D. A. (2008). Media violence, aggression, and public policy. In E. Borgida & S. Fiske (Eds.), Beyond common sense: Psychological science in the courtroom. Malden, MA: Blackwell. (p. 188)

Anderson, C. A., Lindsay, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (1999). Research in the psychological laboratory: Truth or triviality? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 3–9. (p. 21)

Anderson, C. A., Shibuya, A., Ihori, N., Swing, E. L., Bushman, B. J., Sakamoto, A., Rothstein, H. R., & Saleem, M. (2010). Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in Eastern and Western countries: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 151–173. (p. 357)

Anderson, C. A., & Warburton, W. A. (2012). The impact of violent video games: An overview. In W. Warburton & D. Braunstein (Eds.), Growing up fast and furious. Annandale, NSW, Australia: The Federation Press. (p. 358)

Anderson, J. R., Gillies, A., & Lock, L. (2010). Pan thanatology. Current Biology, 20, R349–R351. (p. 229)

Anderson, R. C., Pichert, J. W., Goetz, E. T., Schallert, D. L., Stevens, K. V., & Trollip, S. R. (1976). Instantiation of general terms. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15, 667–679. (p. 208)

Anderson, S. E., Dallal, G. E., & Must, A. (2003). Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: Results from two nationally representative surveys of U.S. girls studied 25 years apart. Pediatrics, 111, 844–850. (p. 111)

Anderson, S. R. (2004). Doctor Dolittle’s delusion: Animals and the uniqueness of human language. New Haven: Yale University Press. (p. 235)

Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., Bergström, J., Kaldo, V., Lindefors, N., Andersson, G., & Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 42, 2193–2203. (p. 419)

Andreasen, N. C. (1997). Linking mind and brain in the study of mental illnesses: A project for a scientific psychopathology. Science, 275, 1586–1593. (p. 398)

Andreasen, N. C. (2001). Brave new brain: Conquering mental illness in the era of the genome. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 398)

Andreasen, N. C. (2008, September 16). A conversation with Nancy C. Andreasen, by Claudia Dreifus. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 398)

Andrews, P. W., & Thomson, J. A., Jr. (2009a). The bright side of being blue: Depression as an adaptation for analyzing complex problems. Psychological Review, 116, 620–654. (pp. 390, 395)

Andrews, P. W., & Thomson, J. A., Jr. (2009b, January/February). Depression’s evolutionary roots. Scientific American Mind, pp. 57–61. (p. 395)

Annan, K. A. (2001). We can love what we are, without hating who—and what—we are not. Nobel Peace Prize lecture. (p. 366)

Antonaccio, O., Botchkovar, E. V., & Tittle, C. R. (2011). Attracted to crime: Exploration of criminal motivation among respondents in three European cities. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38, 1200–1221. (p. 109)

Antoni, M. H., & Lutgendorf, S. (2007). Psychosocial factors and disease progression in cancer. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 42–46. (p. 289)

Antony, M. M., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1992). Current perspectives on panic and panic disorder. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 79–82. (p. 380)

Antrobus, J. (1991). Dreaming: Cognitive processes during cortical activation and high afferent thresholds. Psychological Review, 98, 96–121. (p. 61)

AP. (2007). AP-Ipsos poll of 1,013 U.S. adults taken October 16–18, 2007, and distributed via Associated Press. (p. 161)

AP. (2009, May 9). AP-mtvU poll: Financial worries, stress and depression on college campus. www.hosted.ap.org. (pp. 57, 283)

APA. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 22)

APA. (2009). Stress in America 2009. American Psychological Association (apa.org). (p. 284)

APA. (2010, accessed April 28). Answers to your questions about transgender individuals and gender identity. American Psychological Association (apa.org). (pp. 114, 115)

Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 651–680. (p. 108)

Archer, J. (2004). Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings: A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8, 291–322. (p. 109)

Archer, J. (2007). A cross-cultural perspective on physical aggression between partners. Issues in Forensic Psychology, No. 6, 125–131. (p. 109)

Archer, J. (2009). Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 249–311. (p. 109)

Arent, S. M., Landers, D. M., & Etnier, J. L. (2000). The effects of exercise on mood in older adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 8, 407–430. (p. 297)

Ariely, D. (2010). Predictably irrational, revised and expanded edition: The hidden forces that shape our decisions. New York: Harper Perennial. (p. 318)

Ariely, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2006). The heat of the moment: The effect of sexual arousal on sexual decision making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19, 87–98. (p. 119)

Aries, E. (1987). Gender and communication. In P. Shaver & C. Henrick (Eds.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 149–176. (p. 109)

Arkowitz, H., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2006, April/May). Psychotherapy on trial. Scientific American: Mind, pp. 42–49. (p. 422)

Armony, J. L., Quirk, G. J., & LeDoux, J. E. (1998). Differential effects of amygdala lesions on early and late plastic components of auditory cortex spike trains during fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 2592–2601. (pp. 380, 381)

Arneson, J. J., Sackett, P. R., & Beatty, A. S. (2011). Ability-performance relationships in education and employment settings: Critical tests of the more-is-better and the good-enough hypotheses. Psychological Science, 22, 1336–1342. (p. 238)

Arnett, J. J. (2006). Emerging adulthood: Understanding the new way of coming of age. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 92)

Arnett, J. J. (2007). Socialization in emerging adulthood: From the family to the wider world, from socialization to self-socialization. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research. New York: Guilford Press. (p. 92)

Aron, A., Melinat, E., Aron, E. N., Vallone, R. D., & Bator, R. J. (1997). The experimental generation of interpersonal closeness: A procedure and some preliminary findings. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 363–377. (p. 363)

Aronson, E. (2001, April 13). Newsworthy violence. E-mail to SPSP discussion list, drawing from Nobody Left to Hate. New York: Freeman, 2000. (p. 90)

Artiga, A. I., Viana, J. B., Maldonado, C. R., Chandler-Laney, P. C., Oswald, K. D., & Boggiano, M. M. (2007). Body composition and endocrine status of long-term stress-induced binge-eating rats. Physiology and Behavior, 91, 424–431. (p. 260)

Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193, 31–35. (p. 342)

Asendorpf, J. B., Penke, L., & Back, M. D. (2011). From dating to mating and relating: Predictors of initial and long-term outcomes of speed-dating in a community sample. European Journal of Personality, 25, 16–30. (p. 126)

Aserinsky, E. (1988, January 17). Personal communication. (p. 53)

Askay, S. W., & Patterson, D. R. (2007). Hypnotic analgesia. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7, 1675–1683. (p. 156)

Aspinwall, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2010). The value of positive psychology for health psychology: Progress and pitfalls in examining the relation of positive phenomena to health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 39, 4–15. (p. 294)

ASPS. (2010). 2010 report of the 2009 statistics: National Clearinghouse of Plastic Surgery Statistics. American Society of Plastic Surgeons (www.plasticsurgery.org). (p. 360)

Aspy, C. B., Vesely, S. K., Oman, R. F., Rodine, S., Marshall, L., & McLeroy, K. (2007). Parental communication and youth sexual behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 449–466. (p. 119)

Assanand, S., Pinel, J. P. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1998). Personal theories of hunger and eating. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 998–1015. (p. 260)

Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A control system and its control processes. In K. Spence (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press. (p. 194)

Atwell, R. H. (1986, July 28). Drugs on campus: A perspective. Higher Education & National Affairs, p. 5. (p. 383)

Austin, E. J., Deary, I. J., Whiteman, M. C., Fowkes, F. G. R., Pedersen, N. L., Rabbitt, P., Bent, N., & McInnes, L. (2002). Relationships between ability and personality: Does intelligence contribute positively to personal and social adjustment? Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1391–1411. (p. 242)

Auyeung, B., Baron-Cohen, S., Ashwin, E., Knickmeyer, R., Taylor, K., Hackett, G., & Hines, M. (2009). Fetal testosterone predicts sexually differentiated childhood behavior in girls and in boys. Psychological Science, 20, 144–148. (p. 78)

Averill, J. R. (1993). William James’s other theory of emotion. In M. E. Donnelly (Ed.), Reinterpreting the legacy of William James. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 270)

Aviezer, H., Hassin, R. R., Ryan, J., Grady, C., Susskind, J., Anderson, A., Moscovitch, M., & Bentin, S. (2008). Angry, disgusted, or afraid? Studies on the malleability of emotion perception. Psychological Science, 19, 724–732. (p. 278)

Ax, A. F. (1953). The physiological differentiation of fear and anger in humans. Psychosomatic Medicine, 15, 433–442. (p. 273)

Ayan, S. (2009, April/May). Laughing matters. Scientific American Mind, pp. 24–31. (p. 294)

Azar, B. (1998, June). Why can’t this man feel whether or not he’s standing up? APA Monitor (www.apa.org/monitor/jun98/touch.html). (p. 159)

Azevedo, F. A., Carvalho, L. R., Grinberg, L. T., Farfel, J. M., Ferretti, R. E., Leite, R. E., Jacob Filho, W., Lent, R., & Herculano-Houzel, S. (2009). Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 513, 532–541. (p. 35)

Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychological Bulletin, 134, 779–806. (p. 301)

Babyak, M., Blumenthal, J. A., Herman, S., Khatri, P., Doraiswamy, M., Moore, K., Craighead, W. W., Baldewics, T. T., & Krishnan, K. R. (2000). Exercise treatment for major depression: Maintenance of therapeutic benefit at ten months. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 633–638. (p. 430)

Bachman, J., O’Malley, P. M., Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., Freedman-Doan, P., & Messersmith, E. E. (2007). The education-drug use connection: How successes and failures in school relate to adolescent smoking, drinking, drug use, and delinquency. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 390)

Back, M. D., Stopfer, J. M., Vazire, S., Gaddis, S., Schmukle, S. C., Egloff, B., & Gosling, S. D. (2010). Facebook profiles reflect actual personality not self-idealization. Psychological Science, 21, 372–274. (pp. 268, 326)

Backman, L., & MacDonald, S. W. S. (2006). Death and cognition: Synthesis and outlook. European Psychologist, 11, 224–235. (p. 97)

Baddeley, A. D. (1982). Your memory: A user’s guide. New York: Macmillan. (pp. 202, 203)

Baddeley, A. D. (2002, June). Is working memory still working? European Psychologist, 7, 85–97. (p. 194, 195)

Baddeley, A. D., Thomson, N., & Buchanan, M. (1975). Word length and the structure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 575–589. (p. 196)

Baddeley, J. L., & Singer, J. A. (2009). A social interactional model of bereavement narrative disclosure. Review of General Psychology, 13, 202–218. (p. 101)

Bagemihl, B. (1999). Biological exuberance: Animal homosexuality and natural diversity. New York: St. Martins. (p. 122)

Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011). Insomnia as a predictor of depression: A meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 135, 10–19. (p. 58)

Bahrick, H. P. (1984). Semantic memory content in permastore: 50 years of memory for Spanish learned in school. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111, 1–29. (p. 207)

Bahrick, H. P., Bahrick, P. O., & Wittlinger, R. P. (1975). Fifty years of memory for names and faces: A cross-sectional approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 54–75. (p. 202)

Bailey, J. M., Dunne, M. P., & Martin, N. G. (2000). Genetic and environmental influences on sexual orientation and its correlates in an Australian twin sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 524–536. (p. 126)

Bailey, J. M., Gaulin, S., Agyei, Y., & Gladue, B. A. (1994). Effects of gender and sexual orientation on evolutionary relevant aspects of human mating psychology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1081–1093. (p. 125)

Bailey, R. E., & Gillaspy, J. A., Jr. (2005). Operant psychology goes to the fair: Marian and Keller Breland in the popular press, 1947–1966. The Behavior Analyst, 28, 143–159. (p. 167)

Bailine, S., & 10 others. (2010). Electroconvulsive therapy is equally effective in unipolar and bipolar depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 121, 431–436. (p. 427)

Baillargeon, R. (1995). A model of physical reasoning in infancy. In C. Rovee-Collier & L. P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in infancy research (Vol. 9). Stamford, CT: Ablex. (p. 77)

Baillargeon, R. (2008). Innate ideas revisited: For a principle of persistence in infants’ physical reasoning. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 3, 2–13. (p. 77)

Baker, M. & Maner, J. (2009). Male risk-taking as a context-sensitive signaling device. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 1136–1139. (p. 126)

Baker, T. B., McFall, R. M., & Shoham, V. (2008). Current status and future prospects of clinical psychology: Toward a scientifically principled approach to mental and behavioral health care. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9, 67–103. (p. 422)

Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004). Addiction motivation reformulated: An affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychological Review, 111, 33–51. (p. 176)

Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2003). Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 195–215. (p. 83)

Balcetis, E., & Dunning, D. (2010). Wishful seeing: More desired objects are seen as closer. Psychological Science, 21, 147–152. (p. 139)

Ballini, A., Cantore, S., Fatone, L., Montenegro, V., et al. (2012). Transmission of nonviral sexually transmitted infections and oral sex. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9, 372–384. (p. 118)

Balter, M. (2010). Animal communication helps reveal roots of language. Science, 328, 969–970. (p. 234)

Bancroft, J., Loftus, J., & Long, J. S. (2003). Distress about sex: A national survey of women in heterosexual relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 193–208. (p. 117)

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215. (p. 326)

Bandura, A. (1982). The psychology of chance encounters and life paths. American Psychologist, 37, 747–755. (p. 97)

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 326)

Bandura, A. (2005). The evolution of social cognitive theory. In K. G. Smith & M. A. Hitt (Eds.), Great minds in management: The process of theory development. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 97, 185)

Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 164–180. (p. 326)

Bandura, A. (2008). An agentic perspective on positive psychology. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), The science of human flourishing. Westport, CT: Praeger. (p. 326)

Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575–582. (p. 185)

Barash, D. P. (2012). Homo mysterius: Evolutionary puzzles of human nature. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 128)

Barbaresi. W. J., Katusic, S. KI., Colligan, R. C., Weaver, A. L., & Jacobsen, S. J. (2007). Modifiers of long-term school outcomes for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Does treatment with stimulant medication make a difference? Results from a population-based study. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 28, 274–287. (p. 373)

Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist, 54, 462–479. (p. 318)

Bargh, J. A., & McKenna, K. Y. A. (2004). The Internet and social life. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 573–590. (p. 359)

Bargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y. A., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can you see the real me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 33–48. (p. 359)

Barinaga, M. B. (1997). How exercise works its magic. Science, 276, 1325. (p. 297)

Barkley, R. A., & 74 others. (2002). International consensus statement (January 2002). Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5, 2. (p. 373)

Barnes, M. L., & Sternberg, R. J. (1989). Social intelligence and decoding of nonverbal cues. Intelligence, 13, 263–287. (p. 275)

Barnett, P. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (1988). Psychosocial functioning and depression: Distinguishing among antecedents, concomitants, and consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 97–126. (p. 396)

Barnier, A. J., & McConkey, K. M. (2004). Defining and identifying the highly hypnotizable person. In M. Heap, R. J. Brown, & D. A. Oakley (Eds.), High hypnotisability: Theoretical, experimental and clinical issues. London: Brunner-Routledge. (p. 156)

Baron-Cohen, S. (2008). Autism, hypersystemizing, and truth. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 64–75. (p. 78)

Baron-Cohen, S. (2009). Autism: The empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory. The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience, 1156, 68–80. (p. 78)

Barr, R. (2008, February 12). Stores use sonic devices to chase kids. Associated Press (news.yahoo.com). (p. 96)

Barrett, L. F. (2006). Are emotions natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 28–58. (pp. 270, 273)

Bashore, T. R., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & van der Molen, M. W. (1997). The decline of cognitive processing speed in old age. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, 163–169. (p. 95)

Baskind, D. E. (1997, December 14). Personal communication, from Delta College. (p. 416)

Bates, L. A., & Byrne, R. W. (2010, September/October). Imitation: What animal imitation tells us about animal cognition. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 1, 685–695. (p. 186)

Baum, A., & Posluszny, D. M. (1999). Health psychology: Mapping biobehavioral contributions to health and illness. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 137–163. (p. 288)

Baumann, J., & DeSteno, D. (2010). Emotion guided threat detection: Expecting guns where there are none. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 595–610. (p. 139)

Baumeister, H., & Härter, M. (2007). Prevalence of mental disorders based on general population surveys. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, 537–546. (p. 371)

Baumeister, R. F. (1989). The optimal margin of illusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8, 176–189. (p. 223)

Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Gender differences in erotic plasticity: The female sex drive as socially flexible and responsive. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 347–374. (p. 121)

Baumeister, R. F. (2001, April). Violent pride: Do people turn violent because of self-hate, or self-love? Scientific American, 96–101. (p. 330)

Baumeister, R. F. (2006, August/September). Violent pride. Scientific American Mind, pp. 54–59. (p. 329)

Baumeister, R. F. (2010). Is there anything good about men? How cultures flourish by exploiting men. New York: Oxford. (p. 109)

Baumeister, R. F., & Bratslavsky, E. (1999). Passion, intimacy, and time: Passionate love as a function of change in intimacy. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 49–67. (p. 363)

Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1252–1265. (p. 319)

Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1–44. (p. 331)

Baumeister, R. F., Catanese, K. R., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 242–273. (p. 125)

Baumeister, R. F., Dale, K., & Sommer, K. L. (1998). Freudian defense mechanisms and empirical findings in modern personality and social psychology: Reaction formation, projection, displacement, undoing, isolation, sublimation, and denial. Journal of Personality, 66, 1081–1125. (p. 293)

Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., & Vohs, K. D. (2009). Social rejection, control, numbness, and emotion: How not to be fooled by Gerber and Wheeler (2009). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 489–493. (p. 266)

Baumeister, R. F., & Exline, J. J. (2000). Self-control, morality, and human strength. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 29–42. (p. 293)

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529. (p. 263)

Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1986). How adolescence became the struggle for self: A historical transformation of psychological development. In J. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 3). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 92)

Baumeister, R. F., Twenge, J. M., & Nuss, C. K. (2002). Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 817–827. (p. 266)

Baumgardner, A. H., Kaufman, C. M., & Levy, P. E. (1989). Regulating affect interpersonally: When low esteem leads to greater enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 907–921. (p. 330)

Baumrind, D. (1996). The discipline controversy revisited. Family Relations, 45, 405–414. (p. 84)

Baumrind, D., Larzelere, R. E., & Cowan, P. A. (2002). Ordinary physical punishment: Is it harmful? Comment on Gershoff (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128, 602–611. (p. 179)

Bavelier, D., Newport, E. L., & Supalla, T. (2003). Children need natural languages, signed or spoken. Cerebrum, 5(1), 19–32. (p. 231)

BBC. (2008, February 26). Anti-depressants ‘of little use.’ BBC News (www.news.bbc.co.uk). (p. 427)

Beaman, A. L., & Klentz, B. (1983). The supposed physical attractiveness bias against supporters of the women’s movement: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 544–550. (p. 361)

Beardsley, L. M. (1994). Medical diagnosis and treatment across cultures. In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and culture. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. (p. 374)

Beardsley, T. (1996, July). Waking up. Scientific American, pp. 14, 18. (p. 57)

Beauchamp, G. K. (1987). The human preference for excess salt. American Scientist, 75, 27–33. (p. 261)

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press. (p. 417)

Beck, H. P., Levinson, S., & Irons, G. (2009). Finding Little Albert: A journey to John B. Watson’s infant laboratory. American Psychologist, 64, 605–614. (p. 173)

Beck, H. P., Levinson, S., & Irons, G. (2010). The evidence supports Douglas Merritte as Little Albert. American Psychologist, 65, 301–303. (p. 173)

Becker, D. V., Kenrick, D. T., Neuberg, S. L., Blackwell, K. C., & Smith, D. M. (2007). The confounded nature of angry men and happy women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 179–190. (p. 275)

Becker, S., & Wojtowicz, J. M. (2007). A model of hippocampal neurogenesis in memory and mood disorders. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 70–76. (p. 426)

Becklen, R., & Cervone, D. (1983). Selective looking and the noticing of unexpected events. Memory and Cognition, 11, 601–608. (p. 51)

Beckman, M. (2004). Crime, culpability, and the adolescent brain. Science, 305, 596–599. (p. 87)

Beeman, M. J., & Chiarello, C. (1998). Complementary right- and left-hemisphere language comprehension. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 2–8. (p. 50)

Bègue, L., Subra, B., Arvers, P., Muller, D., Bricout, V., & Zorman, M. (2009). A message in a bottle: Extrapharmacological effects of alcohol on aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 137–142. (p. 355)

Bell, A. P., Weinberg, M. S., & Hammersmith, S. K. (1981). Sexual preference: Its development in men and women. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. (p. 122)

Belot, M., & Francesconi, M. (2006, November). Can anyone be ‘the one’? Evidence on mate selection from speed dating. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research (www.cepr.org). (p. 360)

Belsky, J., Houts, R. M., & Fearon, R. M. P. (2010). Infant attachment security and the timing of puberty: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis. Psychological Science, 21, 1195–1201. (p. 111)

Bem, D. J. (1984). Quoted in The Skeptical Inquirer, 8, 194. (p. 162)

Bem, D. J. (2011). Feeling the future: Experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 407–425. (p. 162)

Bem, S. L. (1987). Masculinity and femininity exist only in the mind of the perceiver. In J. M. Reinisch, L. A. Rosenblum, & S. A. Sanders (Eds.), Masculinity/femininity: Basic perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 114)

Bem, S. L. (1993). The lenses of gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (p. 114)

Ben-Shakhar, G., & Elaad, E. (2003). The validity of psychophysiological detection of information with the guilt knowledge test: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 131–151. (p. 274)

Bennett, W. I. (1995). Beyond overeating. New England Journal of Medicine, 332, 673–674. (p. 264)

Benson, P. L., Sharma, A. R., & Roehlkepartain, E. C. (1994). Growing up adopted: A portrait of adolescents and their families. Minneapolis: Search Institute. (p. 91)

Berger, B. G., & Motl, R. W. (2000). Exercise and mood: A selective review and synthesis of research employing the profile of mood states. Journal of Applied Sports Psychology, 12, 69–92. (p. 297)

Bergin, A. E. (1980). Psychotherapy and religious values. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 95–105. (p. 424)

Bergsholm, P., Larsen, J. L., Rosendahl, K., & Holsten, F. (1989). Electro-convulsive therapy and cerebral computed tomography. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 80, 566–572. (p. 427)

Berk, L. S., Felten, D. L., Tan, S. A., Bittman, B. B., & Westengard, J. (2001). Modulation of neuroimmune parameters during the eustress of humor-associated mirthful laughter. Alternative Therapies, 7, 62–76. (p. 294)

Berkowitz, L. (1983). Aversively stimulated aggression: Some parallels and differences in research with animals and humans. American Psychologist, 38, 1135–1144. (p. 355)

Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59–73. (p. 355)

Berman, M., Gladue, B., & Taylor, S. (1993). The effects of hormones, Type A behavior pattern, and provocation on aggression in men. Motivation and Emotion, 17, 125–138. (p. 354)

Berman, M. G., Jonides, J., & Kaplan, S. (2008). The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychological Science, 19, 1207–1212. (p. 268)

Bernieri, F., Davis, J., Rosenthal, R., & Knee, C. (1994). Interactional synchrony and rapport: Measuring synchrony in displays devoid of sound and facial affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 303–311. (p. 186)

Bernstein, D. M., & Loftus, E. F. (2009). The consequences of false memories for food preferences and choices. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 135–139. (p. 210)

Berscheid, E. (1981). An overview of the psychological effects of physical attractiveness and some comments upon the psychological effects of knowledge of the effects of physical attractiveness. In G. W. Lucker, K. Ribbens, & J. A. McNamara (Eds.), Psychological aspects of facial form (Craniofacial growth series). Ann Arbor: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan. (p. 360)

Berscheid, E. (2010). Love in the fourth dimension. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 1–25. (p. 362)

Berscheid, E., Gangestad, S. W., & Kulakowski, D. (1984). Emotion in close relationships: Implications for relationship counseling. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology. New York: Wiley. (p. 362)

Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2003). Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, Working Paper 03–22. (p. 350)

Bhatt, R. S., Wasserman, E. A., Reynolds, W. F., Jr., & Knauss, K. S. (1988). Conceptual behavior in pigeons: Categorization of both familiar and novel examples from four classes of natural and artificial stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 14, 219–234. (p. 175)

Bianchi, S. M., Milkie, M. A., Sayer, L. C., & Robinson, J. P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of household labor. Social Forces, 79, 191–228. (p. 128)

Bianchi, S. M., Robinson, J. P., & Milkie, M. A. (2006). Changing rhythms of American family life. New York: Russell Sage. (p. 128)

Bickman, L. (1999). Practice makes perfect and other myths about mental health services. American Psychologist, 54, 965–978. (p. 421)

Biederman, I., & Vessel, E. A. (2006). Perceptual pleasure and the brain. American Scientist, 94, 247–253. (p. 256)

Bienvenu, O. J., Davydow, D. S., & Kendler, K. S. (2011). Psychiatric ‘diseases’ versus behavioral disorders and degree of genetic influence. Psychological Medicine, 41, 33–40. (p. 394)

Bilefsky, D. (2009, March 11). Europeans debate castration of sex offenders. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 116)

Bird, C. D., & Emery, N. J. (2009). Rooks use stones to raise the water level to reach a floating worm. Current Biology, 19, 1410–1414. (p. 229)

Birnbaum, G. E., Reis, H. T., Mikulincer, M., Gillath, O., & Orpaz, A. (2006). When sex is more than just sex: Attachment orientations, sexual experience, and relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 929–943. (pp. 83, 361)

Birnbaum, S. G., Yuan, P. X., Wang, M., Vijayraghavan, S., Bloom, A. K., Davis, D. J., Gobeski, K. T., Sweatt, J. D., Manhi, H. K., & Arnsten, A. F. T. (2004). Protein kinase C overactivity impairs prefrontal cortical regulation of working memory. Science, 306, 882–884. (p. 200)

Biro, D., Humle, T., Koops, K., Sousa, C., Hayashi, M., & Matsuzawa, T. (2010). Chimpanzee mothers at Bossou, Guinea carry the mummified remains of their dead infants. Current Biology, 20, R351–R352. (p. 229)

Biro, F. M., & 9 others. (2010). Pubertal assessment method and base-line characteristics in a mixed longitudinal study of girls. Pediatrics, 126, e583–e590. (p. 111)

Bishop, G. D. (1991). Understanding the understanding of illness: Lay disease representations. In J. A. Skelton & R. T. Croyle (Eds.), Mental representation in health and illness. New York: Springer-Verlag. (p. 220)

Bisson, J., & Andrew, M. (2007). Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No. CD003388. (p. 422)

Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. In M. A. Gernsbacher, M. A. Pew, L. M. Hough, & J. R. Pomerantz (eds.), Psychology and the real world. New York: Worth Publishers. (p. 24)

Bjork, R. (2011, January 20). Quoted by P. Belluck, To really learn, quit studying and take a test. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 198)

Bjorklund, D. F., & Green, B. L. (1992). The adaptive nature of cognitive immaturity. American Psychologist, 47, 46–54. (p. 80)

Blakemore, S-J. (2008). Development of the social brain during adolescence. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 40–49. (p. 86)

Blakemore, S-J., Wolpert, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (1998). Central cancellation of self-produced tickle sensation. Nature Neuroscience, 1, 635–640. (p. 154)

Blakeslee, S. (2006, January 10). Cells that read minds. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 186)

Blanchard-Fields, F. (2007). Everyday problem solving and emotion: An adult developmental perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 26–31. (p. 246)

Blanchard, R. (1997). Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual versus heterosexual males and females. Annual Review of Sex Research, 8, 27–67. (p. 124)

Blanchard, R. (2008). Review and theory of handedness, birth order, and homosexuality in men. Laterality, 13, 51–70. (p. 124)

Blanton, H., Jaccard, J., Christie, C., & Gonzales, P. M. (2007). Plausible assumptions, questionable assumptions and post hoc rationalizations: Will the real IAT please stand up? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 399–409. (p. 351)

Blanton, H., Jaccard, J., Gonzales, P. M., & Christie, C. (2006). Decoding the implicit association test: Implications for criterion prediction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 192–212. (p. 351)

Blanton, H., Jaccard, J., Klick, J., Mellers, B., Mitchell, G., & Tetlock, P. E. (2009). Strong claims and weak evidence: Reassessing the predictive validity of the IAT. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 567–582. (p. 351)

Blascovich, J. & Mendes, W. B. (2010). Social psychophysiology and embodiment. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (5th ed., pp. 194–227). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. (p. 284)

Blass, T. (1999). The Milgram paradigm after 35 years: Some things we now know about obedience to authority. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 955–978. (p. 344)

Blatt, S. J., Sanislow, C. A., III, Zuroff, D. C., & Pilkonis, P. (1996). Characteristics of effective therapists: Further analyses of data from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1276–1284. (p. 423)

Bloom, B. C. (Ed.). (1985). Developing talent in young people. New York: Ballantine. (p. B-3)

Bloom, P. (2000). How children learn the meanings of words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (p. 230)

Bogaert, A. F. (2003). Number of older brothers and sexual orientation: New texts and the attraction/behavior distinction in two national probability samples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 644–652. (p. 124)

Bogaert, A. F. (2004). Asexuality: Prevalence and associated factors in a national probability sample. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 279–287. (p. 115)

Bogaert, A. F. (2006). Biological versus nonbiological older brothers and men’s sexual orientation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 10771–10774. (pp. 115, 124)

Bogaert, A. F. (2010). Physical development and sexual orientation in men and women: An analysis of NATSAL-2000. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 110–116. (p. 124)

Boggiano, A. K., Harackiewicz, J. M., Bessette, M. M., & Main, D. S. (1985). Increasing children’s interest through performance-contingent reward. Social Cognition, 3, 400–411. (p. 184)

Boggiano, M. M., Chandler, P. C., Viana, J. B., Oswald, K. D., Maldonado, C. R., & Wauford, P. K. (2005). Combined dieting and stress evoke exaggerated responses to opioids in binge-eating rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 119, 1207–1214. (p. 260)

Bolger, D. (2010). The dynamics of gender in early agricultural societies of the Near East. Signs, 35, 503–531. (p. 82)

Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Schilling, E. A. (1989). Effects of daily stress on negative mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 808–818. (p. 302)

Bolwig, T. G., & Madsen, T. M. (2007). Electroconvulsive therapy in melancholia: The role of hippocampal neurogenesis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115, 130–135. (p. 427)

Boly, M., Garrido, M. I., Gosseries, O., Bruno, M-A., Boveroux, P., Schnakers, C., Massimini, M., Litvak, V., Laureys, S., & Friston, K. (2011). Preserved feed-forward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state. Science, 332, 858–862. (p. 50)

Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59, 20–28. (p. 379)

Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Adult resilience to potential trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 135–137. (p. 379)

Bonanno, G. A. (2009). The other side of sadness: What the new science of bereavement tells us about life after loss. New York: Basic Books. (p. 101)

Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2006). Psychological resilience after disaster. Psychological Science, 17, 181–186. (p. 379)

Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2007). What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 671–682. (p. 432)

Bonanno, G. A., & Kaltman, S. (1999). Toward an integrative perspective on bereavement. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 760–777. (p. 101)

Bonanno, G. A., Kennedy, P., Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Lude, P., & Elfström, M. L. (2012). Trajectories of resilience, depression, and anxiety following spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 57, 236–247. (p. 432)

Bonanno, G. A., Westphal, M., & Mancini, A. D. (2011). Resilience to loss and potential trauma. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 511–535. (p. 379)

Bond, C. F., Jr., & DePaulo, B. M. (2006). Accuracy of deception judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 214–234. (p. 275)

Bond, C. F., Jr., & DePaulo, B. M. (2008). Individual differences in detecting deception: Accuracy and bias. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 477–492. (p. 275)

Bond, M. H., Lun, V. M-C., Chan, J., Chan, W. W-Y., & Wong, D. (2012). Enacting modesty in Chinese culture: The joint contribution of personal characteristics and contextual features. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 15, 14–25. (p. 333)

Bond, R., & Smith, P. B. (1996). Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch’s (1952b, 1956) line judgment task. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 111–137. (p. 343)

Bonetti, L., Campbell, M. A., & Gilmore, L. (2010). The relationship of loneliness and social anxiety with children’s and adolescents’ online communication. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13, 279–285. (p. 267)

Bonezzi, A., Brendl, C. M., & DeAngelis, M. (2011). Stuck in the middle: The psychophysics of goal pursuit. Psychological Science, 22, 607–612. (p. B-3)

Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 901–910. (p. B-6)

Boos, H. B. M., Aleman, A., Cahn, W., Hulshoff, H., & Kahn, R. S. (2007). Brain volumes in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 297–304. (p. 398)

Bornstein, M. H., Cote, L. R., Maital, S., Painter, K., Park, S-Y., Pascual, L., Pecheux, M-G., Ruel, J., Venute, P., & Vyt, A. (2004). Cross-linguistic analysis of vocabulary in young children: Spanish, Dutch, French, Hebrew, Italian, Korean, and American English. Child Development, 75, 1115–1139. (p. 231)

Bornstein, M. H., Tal, J., Rahn, C., Galperin, C. Z., Pecheux, M-G., Lamour, M., Toda, S., Azuma, H., Ogino, M., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (1992a). Functional analysis of the contents of maternal speech to infants of 5 and 13 months in four cultures: Argentina, France, Japan, and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 28, 593–603. (p. 85)

Bornstein, M. H., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Tal, J., Ludemann, P., Toda, S., Rahn, C. W., Pecheux, M-G., Azuma, H., & Vardi, D. (1992b). Maternal responsiveness to infants in three societies: The United States, France, and Japan. Child Development, 63, 808–821. (p. 85)

Bornstein, R. F. (1989). Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968–1987. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 265–289. (p. 359)

Bornstein, R. F. (1999). Source amnesia, misattribution, and the power of unconscious perceptions and memories. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 16, 155–178. (p. 359)

Bornstein, R. F., Galley, D. J., Leone, D. R., & Kale, A. R. (1991). The temporal stability of ratings of parents: Test-retest reliability and influence of parental contact. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 641–649. (p. 205)

Boroditsky, L. (2009, June 12). How does our language shape the way we think? www.edge.org. (p. 230)

Boron, J. B., Willis, S. L., & Schaie, K. W. (2007). Cognitive training gain as a predictor of mental status. Journal of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62B(1), 45–52. (p. 97)

Bostwick, J. M., & Pankratz, V. S. (2000). Affective disorders and suicide risk: A re-examination. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1925–1932. (p. 392)

Both, S., Everaerd, W., & Laan, E. (2005). Modulation of spinal reflexes by sexual films of increasing intensity. Psychophysiology, 42, 726–731. (p. 118)

Bothwell, R. K., Brigham, J. C., & Malpass, R. S. (1989). Cross-racial identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 19–25. (p. 353)

Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (2004). Genetic influence on human psychological traits. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 148–151. (p. 72)

Bowden, E. M., & Beeman, M. J. (1998). Getting the right idea: Semantic activation in the right hemisphere may help solve insight problems. Psychological Science, 9, 435–440. (p. 50)

Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T. M., Chawla, N., Simpson, T. L., Ostafin, B. D., Larimer, M. E., Blume, A. W., Parks, G. A., & Marlatt, G. A. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 343–347. (p. 299)

Bower, B. (2009, February 14). The dating go round. Science News, pp. 22–25. (p. 359)

Bower, G. H. (1986). Prime time in cognitive psychology. In P. Eelen (Ed.), Cognitive research and behavior therapy: Beyond the conditioning paradigm. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishers. (p. 204)

Bower, G. H., & Morrow, D. G. (1990). Mental models in narrative comprehension. Science, 247, 44–48. (p. 198)

Bower, J. M., & Parsons, L. M. (2003, August). Rethinking the “lesser brain.” Scientific American, pp. 50–57. (p. 40)

Bowers, J. S., Mattys, S. L., & Gage, S. H. (2009). Preserved implicit knowledge of a forgotten childhood language. Psychological Science, 20, 1064–1069. (p. 75)

Bowers, T. G., & Clum, G. A. (1988). Relative contribution of specific and nonspecific treatment effects: Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled behavior therapy research. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 315–323. (p. 422)

Bowler, M. C., & Woehr, D. J. (2006). A meta-analytic evaluation of the impact of dimension and exercise factors on assessment center ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1114–1124. (p. 328)

Boxer, P., Huesmann, L. R., Bushman, B. J., O’Brien, M., & Moceri, D. (2009). The role of violent media preference in cumulative developmental risk for violence and general aggression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 417–428. (p. 188)

Boyatzis, C. J., Matillo, G. M., & Nesbitt, K. M. (1995). Effects of the “Mighty Morphin Power Rangers” on children’s aggression with peers. Child Study Journal, 25, 45–55. (p. 188)

Braden, J. P. (1994). Deafness, deprivation, and IQ. New York: Plenum. (p. 248)

Bradley, D. R., Dumais, S. T., & Petry, H. M. (1976). Reply to Cavonius. Nature, 261, 78. (p. 145)

Bradley, R. B., & 15 others. (2008). Influence of child abuse on adult depression: Moderation by the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 190–200. (p. 83)

Brainerd, C. J. (1996). Piaget: A centennial celebration. Psychological Science, 7, 191–195. (p. 76)

Branas, C. C., Richmond, T. S., Culhane, D. P., Ten Have, Thomas, R., & Wiebe, D. J. (2009). Investigating the link between gun possession and gun assault. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 2034–2040. (p. 355)

Brandon, S., Boakes, J., Glaser, & Green, R. (1998). Recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: Implications for clinical practice. British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 294–307. (p. 213)

Brang, D., Edwards, L., Ramachandran, V. S., & Coulson, S. (2008). Is the sky 2? Contextual priming in grapheme-color synaesthesia. Psychological Science, 19, 421–428. (p. 161)

Brannon, L. A., & Brock, T. C. (1993). Comment on report of HIV infection in rural Florida: Failure of instructions to correct for gross underestimation of phantom sex partners in perception of AIDS risk. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 1351–1352. (p. 117)

Bransford, J. D., & Johnson, M. K. (1972). Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 717–726. (p. 198)

Braun, S. (1996). New experiments underscore warnings on maternal drinking. Science, 273, 738–739. (p. 71)

Braun, S. (2001, Spring). Seeking insight by prescription. Cerebrum, pp. 10–21. (p. 386)

Braunstein, G. D., Sundwall, D. A., Katz, M., Shifren, J. L., Buster, J. E., Simon, J. A., Bachman, G., Aguirre, O. A., Lucas, J. D., Rodenberg, C., Buch, A., & Watts, N. B. (2005). Safety and efficacy of a testosterone patch for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in surgically menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165, 1582–1589. (p. 115)

Bray, D. W., & Byham, W. C. (1991, Winter). Assessment centers and their derivatives. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, pp. 8–11. (p. 328)

Bray, D. W., & Byham, W. C., interviewed by Mayes, B. T. (1997). Insights into the history and future of assessment centers: An interview with Dr. Douglas W. Bray and Dr. William Byham. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 3–12. (p. 328)

Brayne, C., Spiegelhalter, D. J., Dufouil, C., Chi, L-Y., Dening, T. R., Paykel, E. S., O’Connor, D. W., Ahmed, A., McGee, M. A., & Huppert, F.A. (1999). Estimating the true extent of cognitive decline in the old old. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 1283–1288. (p. A-7)

Breedlove, S. M. (1997). Sex on the brain. Nature, 389, 801. (p. 123)

Breen, G., & 27 others. (2011, May). A genome-wide significant linkage for severe depression on chromosome 3: The depression network study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 949–957. (p. 395)

Brehm, S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control. New York: Academic Press. (p. 346)

Breslin, C. W. & Safer, M. A. (2011). Effects of event valence on long-term memory for two baseball championship games. Psychological Science, 22, 1408–1412. (p. 201)

Brewer, J. A., Malik, S., Babuscio, T. A., Nich, C., Johnson, H. E., Deleone, C. M., Minnix-Cotton, C. A., Byrne, S. A., Kober, H., Weinstein, A. J., Carroll, K. M., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2011). Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 119, 72–80. (p. 299)

Brewer, W. F. (1977). Memory for the pragmatic implications of sentences. Memory & Cognition, 5, 673–678. (p. 198)

Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., Rose, S., & Kirk, M. (1999). Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violent crime. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 360–366. (p. 379)

Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279–307. (p. B-4)

Briñol, P., Petty, R. E., & Barden, J. (2007). Happiness versus sadness as a determinant of thought confidence in persuasion: A self-validation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 711–727. (p. 301)

Briscoe, D. (1997, February 16). Women lawmakers still not in charge. Grand Rapids Press, p. A23. (p. 113)

Brislin, R. W. (1988). Increasing awareness of class, ethnicity, culture, and race by expanding on students’ own experiences. In I. Cohen (Ed.), The G. Stanley Hall Lecture Series. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 84)

Broadbent, E., Kahokehr, A., Booth, R. J., Thomas, J., Windsor, J. A., Buchanan, C. M., Wheeler, B. R. L., Sammour, T., & Hill, A. G. (2012). A brief relaxation intervention reduces stress and improves surgical wound healing response: A randomized trial. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 26, 212–217. (p. 298)

Brody, J. E. (2002, November 26). When the eyelids snap shut at 65 miles an hour. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 57)

Brody, J. E. (2003, September). Addiction: A brain ailment, not a moral lapse. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 385)

Brody, S., & Tillmann, H. C. (2006). The post-orgasmic prolactin increase following intercourse is greater than following masturbation and suggests greater satiety. Biological Psychology, 71, 312–315. (p. 120)

Brodzinsky, D. M., & Schechter, M. D. (Eds.) (1990). The psychology of adoption. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 91)

Bromet, E., & 21 others. (2011). Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Medicine, 9, 91. (p. 393)

Brown, A. S. (2003). A review of the déjà vu experience. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 394–413. (p. 211)

Brown, A. S. (2004). The déjà vu experience. East Sussex, England: Psychology Press. (p. 211)

Brown, A. S., Begg, M. D., Gravenstein, S., Schaefer, C. A., Wyatt, R. J., Bresnahan, M., Babulas, V. P., & Susser, E. S. (2004). Serologic evidence of prenatal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 774–780. (p. 399)

Brown, A. S., Schaefer, C. A., Wyatt, R. J., Goetz, R., Begg, M. D., Gorman, J. M., & Susser, E. S. (2000). Maternal exposure to respiratory infections and adult schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A prospective birth cohort study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 287–295. (p. 399)

Brown, E. L., & Deffenbacher, K. (1979). Perception and the senses. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 154)

Brown, J. A. (1958). Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10, 12–21. (p. 197)

Brown, J. D., Steele, J. R., & Walsh-Childers, K. (2002). Sexual teens, sexual media: Investigating media’s influence on adolescent sexuality. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 119)

Brown, K. W., Goodman, R. J., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Dispositional mindfulness and the attenuation of neural responses to emotional stimuli. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8, 93–99. (p. 299)

Brown, S. L., Brown, R. M., House, J. S., & Smith, D. M. (2008). Coping with spousal loss: Potential buffering effects of self-reported helping behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 849–861. (p. 101)

Brown, S. W., Garry, M., Loftus, E., Silver, B., DuBois, K., & DuBreuil, S. (1996). People’s beliefs about memory: Why don’t we have better memories? Paper presented at the American Psychological Society convention. (p. 209)

Browning, C. (1992). Ordinary men: Reserve police battalion 101 and the final solution in Poland. New York: HarperCollins. (p. 345)

Bruce-Keller, A. J., Keller, J. N., & Morrison, C. D. (2009). Obesity and vulnerability of the CNS. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1792, 395–400. (p. 262)

Bruck, M., & Ceci, S. J. (1999). The suggestibility of children’s memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 419–439. (p. 212)

Bruck, M., & Ceci, S. J. (2004). Forensic developmental psychology: Unveiling four common misconceptions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 229–232. (p. 212)

Bruer, J. T. (1999). The myth of the first three years: A new understanding of early brain development and lifelong learning. New York: Free Press. (p. 245)

Brunwasser, S. M., Gillham, J. E., & Kim, E. S. (2009). A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Program’s effect on depressive symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1042–1054. (p. 418)

Buchanan, R. W., & 10 others. (2010). The 2009 schizophrenia PORT psychopharmacological treatment recommendations and summary statements. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36, 71–93. (p. 425)

Buchanan, T. W. (2007). Retrieval of emotional memories. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 761–779. (p. 200)

Buckholtz, J. W., & 13 others. (2010). Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 419–421. (p. 404)

Buckingham, M. (2007). Go put your strengths to work: 6 powerful steps to achieve outstanding performance. New York: Free Press. (p. B-2)

Buckingham, M., & Clifton, D. O. (2001). Now, discover your strengths. New York: Free Press. (p. B-2)

Buckley, C. (2007, January 3). Man is rescued by stranger on subway tracks. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 363)

Buckley, K. E., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Perceived acceptance as a predictor of social, emotional, and academic outcomes. Paper presented at the Society of Personality and Social Psychology annual convention. (p. 266)

Buday, S. K., Stake, J. E., & Peterson, Z. D. (2012). Gender and the choice of a science career: The impact of social support and possible selves. Sex Roles, 66, 197–209. (p. 328)

Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (1994). Exploring the “planning fallacy”: Why people underestimate their task completion times. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 366–381. (p. 223)

Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (2002). Inside the planning fallacy: The causes and consequences of optimistic time predictions. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (p. 223)

Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303–1314. (p. 268)

Bugelski, B. R., Kidd, E., & Segmen, J. (1968). Image as a mediator in one-trial paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76, 69–73. (p. 197)

Buka, S. L., Goldstein, J. M., Seidman, L. J., Zornberg, G., Donatelli, J-A. A., Denny, L. R., & Tsuang, M. T. (1999). Prenatal complications, genetic vulnerability, and schizophrenia: The New England longitudinal studies of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Annals, 29, 151–156. (pp. 398, 399)

Burcusa, S. L., & Iacono, W. G. (2007). Risk for recurrence in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 959–985. (p. 393)

Burger, J. M. (2009). Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today? American Psychologist, 64, 1–11. (pp. 344, 345)

Burgess, M., Enzle, M. E., & Schmaltz, R. (2004). Defeating the potentially deleterious effects of externally imposed deadlines: Practitioners’ rules-of-thumb. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 868–877. (p. B-6)

Buri, J. R., Louiselle, P. A., Misukanis, T. M., & Mueller, R. A. (1988). Effects of parental authoritarianism and authoritativeness on self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 271–282. (p. 84)

Burish, T. G., & Carey, M. P. (1986). Conditioned aversive responses in cancer chemotherapy patients: Theoretical and developmental analysis. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 54, 593–600. (p. 173)

Burke, D. M., & Shafto, M. A. (2004). Aging and language production. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 21–24. (p. 96)

Burns, B. C. (2004). The effects of speed on skilled chess performance. Psychological Science, 15, 442–447. (p. 225)

Burns, J. M., & Swerdlow, R. H. (2003). Right orbitofrontal tumor with pedophilia symptom and constructional apraxia sign. Archives of Neurology, 60, 437–440. (p. 29)

Busby, D. M., Carroll, J. S., & Willoughby, B. J. (2010). Compatibility or restraint? The effects of sexual timing on marriage relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 766–774. (p. 120)

Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., Thomaes, S., Ryu, E., Begeer, S., & West, S. G. (2009). Looking again, and harder, for a link between low self-esteem and aggression. Journal of Personality, 77, 427–446. (p. 330)

Bushman, B. J., & Huesmann, L. R. (2010). Aggression. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Ch. 23, pp. 833–863). New York: John Wiley & Sons. (p. 108)

Bushman, B. J., Moeller, S. J., & Crocker, J. (2011). Sweets, sex, or self-esteem? Comparing the value of self-esteems boosts with other pleasant rewards. Journal of Personality, 79, 993–1012. (p. 329)

Bushman, B. J., Ridge, R. D., Das, E., Key, C. W., & Busath, G. L. (2007). When God sanctions killing: Effects of scriptural violence on aggression. Psychological Science, 18, 204–207. (p. 109)

Buss, A. H. (1989). Personality as traits. American Psychologist, 44, 1378–1388. (p. 326)

Buss, D. M. (1994). The strategies of human mating: People worldwide are attracted to the same qualities in the opposite sex. American Scientist, 82, 238–249. (p. 126)

Buss, D. M. (1995). Evolutionary psychology: A new paradigm for psychological science. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 1–30. (p. 126)

Buss, D. M. (2008). Female sexual psychology. World Question Center 2008 (edge.org). (p. 118)

Buster, J. E., Kingsberg, S. A., Aguirre, O., Brown, C., Breaux, J. G., Buch, A., Rodenberg, C. A., Wekselman, K., & Casson, P. (2005). Testosterone patch for low sexual desire in surgically menopausal women: A randomized trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 105(5), 944–952. (p. 115)

Butcher, L. M., Davis, O. S. P., Craig, I. W., & Plomin, R. (2008). Genome-wide quantitative trait locus association scan of general cognitive ability using pooled DNA and 500K single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 7, 435–446. (p. 241)

Butler, A., Oruc, I., Fox, C. J., & Barton, J. J. S. (2008). Factors contributing to the adaptation aftereffects of facial expression. Brain Research, 1191, 116–126. (p. 137)

Butler, R. A. (1954, February). Curiosity in monkeys. Scientific American, pp. 70–75. (p. 256)

Byne, W., Tobet, S., Mattiace, L. A., Lasco, M. S., Kemether, E., Edgar, M. A., Morgello, S., Buchsbaum, M. S., & Jones, L. B. (2001). The interstitial nuclei of the human anterior hypothalamus: An investigation of variation with sex, sexual orientation, and HIV status. Hormones and Behavior, 40, 86–92. (p. 123)

Byrne, D. (1982). Predicting human sexual behavior. In A. G. Kraut (Ed.), The G. Stanley Hall Lecture Series (Vol. 2). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (pp. 116, 171)

Byrne, R. W. (1991, May/June). Brute intellect. The Sciences, pp. 42–47. (p. 234)

Byrne, R. W., Bates, L. A., & Moss, C. J. (2009). Elephant cognition in primate perspective. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 1–15. (p. 229)

Byron, K., & Khazanchi, S. (2011). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship of state and trait anxiety to performance on figural and verbal creative tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 269–283. (p. 227)

Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 447–454. (p. 266)

Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, C. (2008). Loneliness. New York: W. W. Norton. (p. 295)

Caddick, A., & Porter, L. E. (2012). Exploring a model of professionalism in multiple perpetrator violent crime in the UK. Criminological & Criminal Justice: An International Journal, 12, 61–82. (p. 109)

Cahill, L. (1994). (Beta)-adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events. Nature, 371, 702–704. (p. 201)

Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking. New York: Crown. (p. 323)

Cale, E. M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2002). Sex differences in psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: A review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 1179–1207. (p. 403)

Call, K. T., Riedel, A. A., Hein, K., McLoyd, V., Petersen, A., & Kipke, M. (2002). Adolescent health and well-being in the twenty-first century: A global perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 69–98. (p. 118)

Callaghan, T., Rochat, P., Lillard, A., Claux, M. L., Odden, H., Itakura, S., Tapanya, S., & Singh, S. (2005). Synchrony in the onset of mental-state reasoning. Psychological Science, 16, 378–384. (p. 78)

Calvin, C. M., Deary, I. J., Fenton, C., Roberts, B. A., Der, G., Leckenby, N., & Batty, G. D. (2011). Intelligence in youth and all-cause-mortality: Systematic review with meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40, 626–644. (p. 245)

Calvo-Merino, B., Glaser, D. E., Grèzes, J., Passingham, R. E., & Haggard, P. (2004). Action observation and acquired motor skills: An fMRI study with expert dancers. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 1243–1249. (p. 233)

Cameron, L., & Rutland, A. (2006). Extended contact through story reading in school: Reducing children’s prejudice toward the disabled. Journal of Social Issues, 62, 469–488. (p. 366)

Campbell, D. T. (1975). On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and moral tradition. American Psychologist, 30, 1103–1126. (p. 304)

Campbell, D. T., & Specht, J. C. (1985). Altruism: Biology, culture, and religion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 3(1), 33–42. (p. 321)

Campbell, L., & Marshall, T. (2011). Anxious attachment and relationship processes: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Personality, 79, 1219–1249. (p. 327)

Campbell, S. (1986). The Loch Ness Monster: The evidence. Willingborough, Northamptonshire, U.K.: Acquarian Press. (p. 138)

Campbell, W. K., Foster, C. A., & Finkel, E. J. (2002). Does self-love lead to love for others? A story of narcissistic game-playing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 340–354. (p. 330)

Camperio-Ciani, A., Corna, F., & Capiluppi, C. (2004). Evidence for maternally inherited factors favouring male homosexuality and promoting female fecundity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 271, 2217–2221. (p. 127)

Campitelli, G., & Gobet, F. (2011). Deliberate practice: Necessary but not sufficient. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 280–285. (p. 238)

Campos, J. J., Bertenthal, B. I., & Kermoian, R. (1992). Early experience and emotional development: The emergence of wariness of heights. Psychological Science, 3, 61–64. (p. 146)

Canli, T., Desmond, J. E., Zhao, Z., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002). Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 10789–10794. (p. 276)

Cannon, W. B. (1929). Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage. New York: Branford. (p. 285)

Cannon, W. B., & Washburn, A. L. (1912). An explanation of hunger. American Journal of Physiology, 29, 441–454. (p. 258)

Cantor, N., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1987). Personality and social intelligence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 238)

Caplan, N., Choy, M. H., & Whitmore, J. K. (1992, February). Indochinese refugee families and academic achievement. Scientific American, pp. 36–42. (p. 91)

Carey, B. (2007, September 4). Bipolar illness soars as a diagnosis for the young. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 392)

Carey, B. (2009, November 27). Surgery for mental ills offers both hope and risk. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 430)

Carey, B. (2011, February 14). Wariness on surgery of the mind. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 430)

Carey, G. (1990). Genes, fears, phobias, and phobic disorders. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68, 628–632. (p. 380)

Carlson, M. (1995, August 29). Quoted by S. Blakeslee, In brain’s early growth, timetable may be crucial. New York Times, pp. C1, C3. (p. 83)

Carlson, M., Charlin, V., & Miller, N. (1988). Positive mood and helping behavior: A test of six hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 211–229. (p. 364)

Carnahan, T., & McFarland, S. (2007). Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: Could participant self-selection have led to the cruelty? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 603–614. (p. 340)

Carpusor, A., & Loges, W. E. (2006). Rental discrimination and ethnicity in names. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 934–952. (p. 20)

Carroll, J. (2007, August 10). Most Americans approve of interracial marriages. Gallup News Services (www.gallup.com). (pp. 350, 351)

Carroll, J. M., & Russell, J. A. (1996). Do facial expressions signal specific emotions? Judging emotion from the face in context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 205–218. (p. 277)

Carstensen, L. I., & Mikels, J. A. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 117–121. (pp. 100, 246)

Carter, T. J., & Gilovich, T. (2010). The relative relativity of material and experiential purchases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 146–159. (p. 306)

Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Joormann, J. (2008). Serotonergic function, two-mode models of self-regulation, and vulnerability to depression: What depression has in common with impulsive aggression. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 912–943. (p. 395)

Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 879–889. (p. 294)

CASA. (2003). The formative years: Pathways to substance abuse among girls and young women ages 8–22. New York: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Columbia University. (pp. 383, 389)

CASA. (2004). CASA 2004 teen survey. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Columbia University (www.casacolumbia.org). (p. 117)

Casey, B. J., Getz, S., & Galvan, A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Developmental Review, 28, 62–77. (p. 86)

Cash, T., & Janda, L. H. (1984, December). The eye of the beholder. Psychology Today, pp. 46–52. (p. 360)

Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T., Mill, J., Martin, J., Craig, I. W., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2002). Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science, 297, 851–854. (p. 327)

Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Handbook of attachment. New York: Guilford. (p. 83)

Castillo, R. J. (1997). Culture and mental illness: A client-centered approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. (p. 374)

Cattell, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 1–22. (p. 246)

Cavalli-Sforza, L., Menozzi, P., & Piazza, A. (1994). The history and geography of human genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (p. 248)

Cavigelli, S. A., & McClintock, M. K. (2003). Fear of novelty in infant rats predicts adult corticosterone dynamics and an early death. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 16131–16136. (p. 285)

Cawley, B. D., Keeping, L. M., & Levy, P. E. (1998). Participation in the performance appraisal process and employee reactions: A meta-analytic review of field investigations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 615–633. (pp. B-7, B-8)

CDC. (2007, accessed May 31). Basic statistics. www.cdc.gov/hib/topics/surveillance/basic.htm:hivaidsage. (p. 117)

CDC. (2013). ADHD, data and statistics. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov/NCBBDDD/adhd/data.html). (p. 373)

CDC. (2013, accessed June 8). Heart disease facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm). (p. 289)

CDC. (2013, August 22). Who should get vaccinated against influenza? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/whoshouldvax.htm:should-vaccinate). (p. 399)

Ceci, S. J. (1993). Cognitive and social factors in children’s testimony. Master lecture, American Psychological Association convention. (p. 212)

Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1993). Child witnesses: Translating research into policy. Social Policy Report (Society for Research in Child Development), 7(3), 1–30. (p. 212)

Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1995). Jeopardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of children’s testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 212)

Ceci, S. J., Huffman, M. L. C., Smith, E., & Loftus, E. F. (1994). Repeatedly thinking about a non-event: Source misattributions among preschoolers. Consciousness and Cognition, 3, 388–407. (p. 212)

Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 354–380. (p. 198)

Cepeda, N. J., Vul, E., Rohrer, D., Wixted, J. T., & Pashler, H. (2008). Spacing effects in learning: A temporal ridgeline of optimal retention. Psychological Science, 19, 1095–1102. (p. 198)

Cerella, J. (1985). Information processing rates in the elderly. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 67–83. (p. 95)

CFI. (2003, July). International developments. Report. Amherst, NY: Center for Inquiry International. (p. 162)

Chabris, C. F., & Simons, D. (2010). The invisible gorilla: And other ways our intuitions deceive us. New York: Crown. (p. 52)

Chamove, A. S. (1980). Nongenetic induction of acquired levels of aggression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 469–488. (p. 187)

Champagne, F. A. (2010). Early adversity and developmental outcomes: Interaction between genetics, epigenetics, and social experiences across the life span. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 564–574. (p. 70)

Chance News. (1997, 25 November). More on the frequency of letters in texts. Dart.Chance@Dartmouth.edu. (p. 15)

Chandra, A., Mosher, W. D., & Copen, C. (2011, March). Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity in the United States: Data from the 2006–2008 National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics Reports, Number 36 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (p. 121)

Chang, E. C. (2001). Cultural influences on optimism and pessimism: Differences in Western and Eastern construals of the self. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Optimism and pessimism. Washington, DC: APA Books. (p. 294)

Chang, P. P., Ford, D. E., Meoni, L. A., Wang, N-Y., & Klag, M. J. (2002). Anger in young men and subsequent premature cardiovascular disease: The precursors study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 901–90. (p. 290)

Chang, Y-T., Chen, Y-C., Hayter, M., & Lin, M-L. (2009). Menstrual and menarche experience among pubescent female students in Taiwan: Implications for health education and promotion service. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 2040–2048. (p. 111)

Chaplin, W. F., Phillips, J. B., Brown, J. D., Clanton, N. R., & Stein, J. L. (2000). Handshaking, gender, personality, and first impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 110–117. (p. 275)

Charness, N., & Boot, W. R. (2009). Aging and information technology use. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 253–258. (p. 246)

Charpak, G., & Broch, H. (2004). Debunked! ESP, telekinesis, and other pseudoscience. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. (p. 162)

Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893–910. (p. 341)

Cheek, J. M., & Melchior, L. A. (1990). Shyness, self-esteem, and self-consciousness. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety. New York: Plenum. (p. 333)

Chen, A. W., Kazanjian, A., & Wong, H. (2009). Why do Chinese Canadians not consult mental health services: Health status, language or culture? Transcultural Psychiatry, 46, 623–640. (p. 423)

Chen, S-Y., & Fu, Y-C. (2008). Internet use and academic achievement: Gender differences in early adolescence. Adolescence, 44, 797–812. (p. 268)

Chen, X., Beydoun, M. A., & Wang, Y. (2008). Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity, 16, 265–274. (p. 58)

Cherkas, L. F., Hunkin, J. L., Kato, B. S., Richards, J. B., Gardner, J. P., Surdulescu, G. L., Kimura, M., Lu, X., Spector, T. D., & Aviv, A. (2008). The association between physical activity in leisure time and leukocyte telomere length. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168, 154–158. (p. 95)

Chess, S., & Thomas, A. (1987). Know your child: An authoritative guide for today’s parents. New York: Basic Books. (pp. 73, 82)

Cheung, B. Y., Chudek, M., & Heine, S. J. (2011). Evidence for a sensitive period for acculturation: Younger immigrants report acculturating at a faster rate. Psychological Science, 22, 147–152. (p. 232)

Chida, Y., & Hamer, M. (2008). Chronic psychosocial factors and acute physiological responses to laboratory-induced stress in healthy populations: A quantitative review of 30 years of investigations. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 829–885. (p. 290)

Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2009). The association of anger and hostility with future coronary heart disease: A meta-analytic review of prospective evidence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17, 936–946. (p. 290)

Chida, Y., Steptoe, A., & Powell, L. H. (2009). Religiosity/spirituality and mortality. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 81–90. (pp. 299, 301)

Chida, Y., & Vedhara, K. (2009). Adverse psychosocial factors predict poorer prognosis in HIV disease: A meta-analytic review of prospective investigations. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 23, 434–445. (p. 288)

Chisholm, K. (1998). A three-year follow-up of attachment and indiscriminate friendliness in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Child Development, 69, 1092–1106. (p. 83)

Chivers, M. L. (2005). A brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 20, 377–390. (p. 121)

Chivers, M. L., Rieger, G., Latty, E., & Bailey, J. M. (2004). A sex difference in the specificity of sexual arousal. Psychological Science, 15, 736–744. (p. 118)

Choi, I., & Choi, Y. (2002). Culture and self-concept flexibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1508–1517. (p. 332)

Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2007). The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 370–379. (p. 262)

Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2009). Connected: The surprising power of social networks and how they shape our lives. New York: Little, Brown. (p. 296)

Christensen, A., & Jacobson, N. S. (1994). Who (or what) can do psychotherapy: The status and challenge of nonprofessional therapies. Psychological Science, 5, 8–14. (p. 423)

Christophersen, E. R., & Edwards, K. J. (1992). Treatment of elimination disorders: State of the art 1991. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 1, 15–22. (p. 414)

Chua, H. F., Boland, J. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (2005). Cultural variation in eye movements during scene perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 12629–12633. (p. 338)

Chugani, H. T., & Phelps, M. E. (1986). Maturational changes in cerebral function in infants determined by 18FDG positron emission tomography. Science, 231, 840–843. (p. 74)

Church, T. S., Thomas, D. M., Tudor-Locke, C., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Earnest, C. P., Rodarte, R. Q., Martin, C. K., Blair, S. N., & Bouchard, C. (2011). Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS ONE, 6(5), e19657. (p. 262)

CIA. (2010). The World Fact Book: Literacy. Washington, D.C.: CIA (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html). (p. 351)

Cialdini, R. B. (1993). Influence: Science and practice (3rd ed.). New York: HarperCollins. (p. 340)

Cialdini, R. B., & Richardson, K. D. (1980). Two indirect tactics of image management: Basking and blasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 406–415. (p. 353)

Ciarrochi, J., Forgas, J. P., & Mayer, J. D. (2006). Emotional intelligence in everyday life (2nd ed.). New York: Psychology Press. (p. 238)

Cincotta, A. L., Gehrman, P., Gooneratne, N. S., & Baime, M. J. (2011). The effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction programme on presleep cognitive arousal and insomnia symptoms: A pilot study. Stress and Health, 27, e299–e305. (p. 299)

Clack, B., Dixon, J., & Tredoux, C. (2005). Eating together apart: Patterns of segregation in a multi-ethnic cafeteria. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 1–16. (p. 366)

Clancy, S. A. (2005). Abducted: How people come to believe they were kidnapped by aliens. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 54)

Clark, A., Seidler, A., & Miller, M. (2001). Inverse association between sense of humor and coronary heart disease. International Journal of Cardiology, 80, 87–88. (p. 294)

Clark, R. D., III, & Hatfield, E. (1989). Gender differences in receptivity to sexual offers. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 2, 39–55. (p. 127)

Cleary, A. M. (2008). Recognition memory, familiarity, and déjà vu experiences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 353–357. (p. 211)

Coan, J. A., Schaefer, H. S., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 17, 1032–1039. (p. 295)

Coffey, C. E. (Ed.) (1993). Clinical science of electroconvulsive therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. (p. 427)

Cohen, D. (1995, June 17). Now we are one, or two, or three. New Scientist, pp. 14–15. (p. 402)

Cohen, P. (2010, June 11). Long road to adulthood is growing even longer. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 92)

Cohen, R. (2011, March 12). The happynomics of life. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 305)

Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 59, 676–684. (p. 296)

Cohen, S., Alper, C. M., Doyle, W. J., Treanor, J. J., & Turner, R. B. (2006b). Positive emotional style predicts resistance to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or influenza A virus. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68, 809–815. (p. 287)

Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Alper, C. M., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Turner, R. B. (2009). Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169, 62–67. (p. 57)

Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., & Skoner, D. P. (1999). Psychological stress, cytokine production, and severity of upper respiratory illness. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 175–180. (pp. 287, 288)

Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Skoner, D. P., Rabin, B. S., & Gwaltney, J. M., Jr. (1997). Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1940–1944. (p. 296)

Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Turner, R., Alper, C. M., & Skoner, D. P. (2003). Sociability and susceptibility to the common cold. Psychological Science, 14, 389–395. (p. 287)

Cohen, S., Kaplan, J. R., Cunnick, J. E., Manuck, S. B., & Rabin, B. S. (1992). Chronic social stress, affiliation, and cellular immune response in non-human primates. Psychological Science, 3, 301–304. (p. 287)

Cohen, S., & Pressman, S. D. (2006a). Positive affect and health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 122–125. (p. 287)

Colapinto, J. (2000). As nature made him: The boy who was raised as a girl. New York: HarperCollins. (p. 112)

Colarelli, S. M., Spranger, J. L., & Hechanova, M. R. (2006). Women, power, and sex composition in small groups: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 163–184. (p. 109)

Colcombe, S. J., Kramer, A. F., Erickson, K. I., Scalf, P., McAuley, E., Cohen, N. J., Webb, A., Jerome, G. J., Marquex, D. X., & Elavsky, S. (2004). Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 3316–3321. (p. 95)

Collins, D. W., & Kimura, D. (1997). A large sex difference on a two-dimensional mental rotation task. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 845–849. (p. 247)

Collins, F. (2007, February 1). In the cathedral or the laboratory, it’s the same God, National Prayer Breakfast told. www.newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith. (p. 69)

Collins, G. (2009, March 9). The rant list. New York Times (nytimes.com). (p. 22)

Collins, R. L., Elliott, M. N., Berry, S. H., Danouse, D. E., Kunkel, D., Hunter, S. B., & Miu, A. (2004). Watching sex on television predicts adolescent initiation of sexual behavior. Pediatrics, 114, 280–289. (p. 16)

Collinson, S. L., MacKay, C. E., James, A. C., Quested, D. J., Phillips, T., Roberts, N., & Crow, T. J. (2003). Brain volume, asymmetry and intellectual impairment in relation to sex in early-onset schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 114–120. (p. 398)

Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., Natarajan, L., & Maughan, B. (2007, June). 20-year trends in depression and anxiety in England. Paper presented at the Thirteenth Scientific Meeting on The Brain and the Developing Child, London. (p. 394)

Confer, J. C., Easton, J. A., Fleischman, D. S., Goetz, C. D., Lewis, D. M. G., Perilloux, C., & Buss, D. M. (2010). Evolutionary psychology: Controversies, questions, prospects, and limitations. American Psychologist, 65, 110–126. (p. 128)

Conley, C. S., & Rudolph, K. D. (2009). The emerging sex difference in adolescent depression: Interacting contributions of puberty and peer stress. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 593–620. (p. 86)

Conley, K. M. & Lehman, B. J. (2012). Test anxiety and cardiovascular responses to daily academic stressors. Stress and Health, 28, 41–50. (p. 289)

Conley, T. D. (2011). Perceived proposer personality characteristics and gender differences in acceptance of casual sex offers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 309–329. (p. 127)

Connor, C. E. (2010). A new viewpoint on faces. Science, 330, 764–765. (p. 142)

Consumer Reports. (1995, November). Does therapy help? Pp. 734–739. (p. 420)

Conway, A. R. A., Skitka, L. J., Hemmerich, J. A., & Kershaw, T. C. (2009). Flashbulb memory for 11 September 2001. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 605–623. (p. 201)

Conway, M. A., Wang, Q., Hanyu, K., & Haque, S. (2005). A cross-cultural investigation of autobiographical memory: On the universality and cultural variation of the reminiscence bump. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 739–749. (p. 96)

Cooke, L. J., Wardle, J., & Gibson, E. L. (2003). Relationship between parental report of food neophobia and everyday food consumption in 2–6-year-old children. Appetite, 41, 205–206. (p. 157)

Cooper, M. (2010, October 18). From Obama, the tax cut nobody heard of. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 352)

Cooper, W. H., & Withey, M. J. (2009). The strong situation hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13, 62–72. (p. 326)

Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman. (p. 84)

Copeland, W., Shanahan, L., Miller, S., Costello, E. J., Angold, A., & Maughan, B. (2010). Outcomes of early pubertal timing in young women: A prospective population-based study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1218–1225. (p. 86)

Corcoran, D. W. J. (1964). The relation between introversion and salivation. The American Journal of Psychology, 77, 298–300. (p. 323)

Coren, S. (1996). Sleep thieves: An eye-opening exploration into the science and mysteries of sleep. New York: Free Press. (pp. 55, 57)

Corey, D. P., & 15 others. (2004). TRPA1 is a candidate for the mechanosensitive transduction channel of vertebrate hair cells. Nature (advance online publication, October 13, at www.nature.com). (p. 153)

Corina, D. P. (1998). The processing of sign language: Evidence from aphasia. In B. Stemmer & H. A. Whittaker (Eds.), Handbook of neurolinguistics. San Diego: Academic Press. (p. 50)

Corina, D. P., Vaid, J., & Bellugi, U. (1992). The linguistic basis of left hemisphere specialization. Science, 255, 1258–1260. (p. 50)

Corkin, S., quoted by R. Adelson. (2005, September). Lessons from H. M. Monitor on Psychology, p. 59. (p. 193)

Correll, J., Park, B., Judd, C. M., & Wittenbrink, B. (2002). The police officer’s dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1314–1329. (p. 351)

Correll, J., Park, B., Judd, C. M., Wittenbrink, B., Sadler, M. S., & Keesee, T. (2007). Across the thin blue line: Police officers and racial bias in the decision to shoot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1006–1023. (p. 351)

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (2011). The five-factor model, five-factor theory, and interpersonal psychology. In L. M. Horowitz & S. Strack (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal psychology: Theory, research, assessment, and therapeutic interventions (pp. 91–104). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. (p. 324)

Costa, P. T., Jr., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322–331. (p. 275)

Costa, P. T., Jr., Zonderman, A. B., McCrae, R. R., Cornoni-Huntley, J., Locke, B. Z., & Barbano, H. E. (1987). Longitudinal analyses of psychological well-being in a national sample: Stability of mean levels. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 50–55. (p. 100)

Costello, E. J., Compton, S. N., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: A natural experiment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 2023–2029. (p. 16)

Courneya, K. S., & Carron, A. V. (1992). The home advantage in sports competitions: A literature review. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14, 13–27. (p. 347)

Courtney, J. G., Longnecker, M. P., Theorell, T., & de Verdier, M. G. (1993). Stressful life events and the risk of colorectal cancer. Epidemiology, 4, 407–414. (p. 288)

Covin, R., Ouimet, A. J., Seeds, P. M., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of CBT for pathological worry among clients with GAD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 108–116. (p. 419)

Cowan, N. (2010). The magical mystery four: How is working memory capacity limited, and why? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 51–57. (p. 194)

Cowart, B. J. (1981). Development of taste perception in humans: Sensitivity and preference throughout the life span. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 43–73. (p. 158)

Cowart, B. J. (2005). Taste, our body’s gustatory gatekeeper. Cerebrum, 7(2), 7–22. (p. 157)

Cox, J. J., & 18 others. (2006). An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature, 444, 894–898. (p. 155)

Coyne, J. C. (1976a). Toward an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39, 28-40. (p. 327)

Coyne, J. C. (1976b). Depression and the response of others. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 186–193. (pp. 327, 417)

Crabbe, J. C. (2002). Genetic contributions to addiction. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 435–462. (p. 388)

Crabtree, S. (2005, January 13). Engagement keeps the doctor away. Gallup Management Journal (gmj.gallup.com). (p. B-5)

Crabtree, S. (2010, July 14). Personal correspondence (Gallup Organization). (p. 99)

Crabtree, S. (2011, December 12). U.S. seniors maintain happiness highs with less social time. www.gallup.com. (p. 100)

Crary, D. (2009, May 9). 5 years on, gay marriage debate fades in Mass. AP article in The Guardian (guardian.co.uk). (p. 125)

Credé, M., & Kuncel, N. R. (2008). Study habits, skills, and attitudes: The third pillar supporting collegiate academic performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 425–453. (p. 238)

Creswell, J. D., Way, B. M., Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Neural correlates of dispositional mindfulness during affect labeling. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 560–565. (p. 299)

Crews, F. T., He, J., & Hodge, C. (2007). Adolescent cortical development: A critical period of vulnerability for addiction. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 86, 189–199. (p. 383)

Crews, F. T., Mdzinarishvilli, A., Kim, D., He, J., & Nixon, K. (2006). Neurogenesis in adolescent brain is potently inhibited by ethanol. Neuroscience, 137, 437–445. (p. 383)

Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004). The costly pursuit of self-esteem. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 392–414. (p. 331)

Crocker, J., Thompson, L. L., McGraw, K. M., & Ingerman, C. (1987). Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluation of others: Effects of self-esteem and threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 907–916. (p. 353)

Croft, R. J., Klugman, A., Baldeweg, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2001). Electro-physiological evidence of serotonergic impairment in long-term MDMA (“Ecstasy”) users. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1687–1692. (p. 386)

Crook, T. H., & West, R. L. (1990). Name recall performance across the adult life-span. British Journal of Psychology, 81, 335–340. (p. 96)

Crosier, B. S., Webster, G. D., & Dillon, H. M. (2012). Wired to connect: Evolutionary psychology and social networks. Review of General Psychology, 16, 230–239. (p. 359)

Cross, S., & Markus, H. (1991). Possible selves across the life span. Human Development, 34, 230–255. (p. 328)

Cross-National Collaborative Group. (1992). The changing rate of major depression. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 3098–3105. (p. 394)

Crowell, J. A., & Waters, E. (1994). Bowlby’s theory grown up: The role of attachment in adult love relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 1–22. (p. 83)

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row. (p. B-1)

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). If we are so rich, why aren’t we happy? American Psychologist, 54, 821–827. (p. B-1)

Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Hunter, J. (2003). Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 185–199. (p. 90)

Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Schuurmans, J., van Oppen, P., Hollon, S. D., & Andersson, G. (2010). Psychotherapy for chronic major depression and dysthymia: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 51–62. (p. 426)

Culbert, K. M., Burt, S. A., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G., & Klump, K. L. (2009). Puberty and the genetic diathesis of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 788–796. (p. 401)

Cullum, J., & Harton, H. C. (2007). Cultural evolution: Interpersonal influence, issue importance, and the development of shared attitudes in college residence halls. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1327–1339. (p. 342)

Cunningham, W. A., Johnson, M. K., Raye, C. L., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., & Banaji, M. R. (2004). Separable neural components in the processing of Black and White faces. Psychological Science, 15, 806–813. (p. 351)

Currie, T. E., & Little, A. C. (2009). The relative importance of the face and body in judgments of human physical attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30, 409–416. (p. 361)

Curtis, R. C., & Miller, K. (1986). Believing another likes or dislikes you: Behaviors making the beliefs come true. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 284–290. (p. 361)

Custers, R., & Aarts, H. (2010). The unconscious will: How the pursuit of goals operates outside of conscious awareness. Science, 329, 47–50. (p. 226)

Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008). Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: Positive and negative urgency. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 807–828. (p. 269)

Dabbs, J. M., Jr., Bernieri, F. J., Strong, R. K., Campo, R., & Milun, R. (2001). Going on stage: Testosterone in greetings and meetings. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 27–40. (p. 354)

Dabbs, J. M., Jr., & Morris, R. (1990). Testosterone, social class, and anti-social behavior in a sample of 4,462 men. Psychological Science, 1, 209–211. (p. 354)

Dalenberg, C. J., Brand, B. L., Gleaves, D. H., Dorahy, M. J., Loewenstein, R. J., Cardeña, E., Frewen, P. A., Carlson, E. B., & Spiegel, D. (2012). Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 550–588. (p. 402)

Daley, J. (2011, July/August). What you don’t know can kill you. Discover (www.discovermagazine.com). (p. 223)

Damasio, A. R. (2003). Looking for Spinoza: Joy, sorrow, and the feeling brain. New York: Harcourt. (p. 270)

Danner, D. D., Snowdon, D. A., & Friesen, W. V. (2001). Positive emotions in early life and longevity: Findings from the Nun Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 804–813. (p. 294)

Danso, H., & Esses, V. (2001). Black experimenters and the intellectual test performance of white participants: The tables are turned. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 158–165. (p. 250)

Darley, J. M., & Alter, A. (2011). Behavioral issues of punishment and deterrence. In E. Shafir (Ed.), The behavioral foundations of policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press and the Russell Sage Foundation. (p. 178)

Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968a). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377–383. (p. 364)

Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968b, December). When will people help in a crisis? Psychology Today, pp. 54–57, 70–71. (p. 363)

Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. (p. 277)

Daskalakis, Z. J., Levinson, A. J., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2008). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 555–564. (p. 429)

Daum, I., & Schugens, M. M. (1996). On the cerebellum and classical conditioning. Psychological Science, 5, 58–61. (p. 200)

Davey, G., & Rato, R. (2012). Subjective well-being in China: A review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 333–346. (p. 304)

Davey, G. C. L. (1995). Preparedness and phobias: Specific evolved associations or a generalized expectancy bias? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 289–297. (p. 381)

Davidson, J. R. T., Connor, K. M., & Swartz, M. (2006). Mental illness in U.S. presidents between 1776 and 1974: A review of biographical sources. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 47–51. (p. 404)

Davidson, R. J., & Begley, S. (2012). The emotional life of your brain: How its unique patterns affect the way you think, feel, and live—and how you can change them. New York: Hudson Street Press. (p. 274)

Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., Urbanowski, F., Harrington, A., Bonus, K., & Sheridan, J. F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564–570. (p. 299)

Davidson, R. J., Pizzagalli, D., Nitschke, J. B., & Putnam, K. (2002). Depression: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 545–574. (p. 395)

Davidson, R. J., Putnam, K. M., & Larson, C. L. (2000). Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation—a possible prelude to violence. Science, 289, 591–594. (p. 355)

Davies, G., & 31 others. (2011). Genome-wide association studies establish that human intelligence is highly heritable and polygenic. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 996–1005. (p. 241)

Davies, P. (1992). The mind of God: The scientific basis for a rational world. New York: Simon & Schuster. (p. 129)

Davies, P. (1999). The fifth miracle: The search for the origin and meaning of life. New York: Simon & Schuster. (p. 129)

Davies, P. (2004, April 14). Into the 21st century. Metaviews (www.metanexus.net). (p. 129)

Davis, B. E., Moon, R. Y., Sachs, H. C., & Ottolini, M. C. (1998). Effects of sleep position on infant motor development. Pediatrics, 102, 1135–1140. (p. 74)

Davis, J. O., & Phelps, J. A. (1995a). Twins with schizophrenia: Genes or germs? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 13–18. (p. 400)

Davis, J. O., Phelps, J. A., & Bracha, H. S. (1995b). Prenatal development of monozygotic twins and concordance for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 357–366. (p. 400)

Davis, K., Christodoulou, J., Seider, S., & Gardner, H. (2011). The theory of multiple intelligences. In R. J. Sternberg & S. B. Kaufman (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (pp. 485–503). Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 236)

Davison, S. L., & Davis, S. R. (2011). Androgenic hormones and aging—The link with female function. Hormones and Behavior, 59, 745–753. (p. 115)

Dawes, R. M. (1994). House of cards: Psychology and psychotherapy built on myth. New York: Free Press. (p. 329)

Dawkins, L., Shahzad, F-Z., Ahmed, S. S., & Edmonds, C. J. (2011). Expectation of having consumed caffeine can improve performance and moods. Appetite, 57, 597–600. (p. 18)

Deary, I. J. (2008). Why do intelligent people live longer? Nature, 456, 175–176. (p. 246)

Deary, I. J., Penke, L., & Johnson, W. (2009). The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 11, 201–211. (p. 246)

Deary, I. J., Thorpe, G., Wilson, V., Starr, J. M., & Whalley, L. J. (2003). Population sex differences in IQ at age 11: The Scottish mental survey 1932. Intelligence, 31, 533–541. (p. 246)

Deary, I. J., Weiss, A., & Batty, G. D. (2010) Intelligence and personality as predictors of illness and death: How researchers in differential psychology and chronic disease epidemiology are collaborating to understand and address health inequalities. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 11, 53–79. (p. 245)

Deary, I. J., Whalley, L. J., & Starr, J. M. (2009). A lifetime of intelligence: Follow-up studies of the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (pp. 241, 243, 245)

Deary, I. J., Whiteman, M. C., Starr, J. M., Whalley, L. J., & Fox, H. C. (2004). The impact of childhood intelligence on later life: Following up the Scottish mental surveys of 1932 and 1947. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 130–147. (pp. 241, 245)

de Boysson-Bardies, B., Halle, P., Sagart, L., & Durand, C. (1989). A cross-linguistic investigation of vowel formats in babbling. Journal of Child Language, 16, 1–17. (p. 230)

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.) (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. (p. 264)

de Courten-Myers, G. M. (2005, February 4). Personal correspondence (estimating total brain neurons, extrapolating from her carefully estimated 20 to 23 billion cortical neurons). (p. 43)

de Dios, M. A., Herman, D. S., Britton, W. B., Hagerty, C. E., Anderson, B. J., & Stein, M. D. (2012). Motivational and mindfulness intervention for young adult female marijuana users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 42, 56–64. (p. 299)

De Dreu, C. K. W., Greer, L. L., Handgraaf, M. J. J., Shalvi, S., Van Kleef, G. A., Baas, M., Ten Velden, F. S., Van Dijk, E., & Feith, S. W. W. (2010). The neuropeptide oxytocin regulated parochial altruism in intergroup conflict among humans. Science, 328, 1409–1411. (p. 37)

de Gonzales, A. B., & 33 others. (2010). Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 2211–2219. (p. 262)

Dehne, K. L., & Riedner, G. (2005). Sexually transmitted infections among adolescents: The need for adequate health services. Geneva: World Health Organization. (p. 117)

de Hoogh, A. H. B., den Hartog, D. N., Koopman, P. L., Thierry, H., van den Berg, P. T., van der Weide, J. G., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2004). Charismatic leadership, environmental dynamism, and performance. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology, 13, 447–471. (p. B-6)

De Koninck, J. (2000). Waking experiences and dreaming. In M. Kryger, T. Roth, & W. Dement (Eds.), Principles and practice of sleep medicine (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. (p. 60)

DeLamater, J. D. (2012). Sexual expression in later life: A review and synthesis. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 125–141. (p. 96)

DeLamater, J. D., & Sill, M. (2005). Sexual desire in later life. Journal of Sex Research, 42, 138–149. (p. 96)

Delaney, H. D., Miller, W. R., & Bisonó, A. M. (2007). Religiosity and spirituality among psychologists: A survey of clinician members of the American Psychological Association. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 538–546. (p. 423)

de Lange, M., Debets, L., Ruitenberg, K., & Holland, R. (2012). Making less of a mess: Scent exposure as a tool for behavioral change. Social Influence, 7, 90–97. (p. 159)

Delaunay-El Allam, M., Soussignan, R., Patris, B., Marlier, L., & Schaal, B. (2010). Long-lasting memory for an odor acquired at the mother’s breast. Developmental Science, 13, 849–863. (p. 73)

DeLoache, J. S., & Brown, A. L. (1987, October-December). Differences in the memory-based searching of delayed and normally developing young children. Intelligence, 11(4), 277–289. (p. 77)

DeLoache, J. S., Chiong, C., Sherman, K., Islam, N., Vanderborght, M., Troseth, G. L., Strouse, G. A., & O’Doherty, K. (2010). Do babies learn from baby media? Psychological Science, 21, 1570–1574. (p. 245)

DeLoache, J. S., Uttal, D. H., & Rosengren, K. S. (2004). Scale errors offer evidence for a perception-action dissociation early in life. Science, 304, 1027–1029. (p. 76)

Dement, W. C. (1978). Some must watch while some must sleep. New York: Norton. (pp. 53, 59)

Dement, W. C. (1999). The promise of sleep. New York: Delacorte Press. (pp. 55, 56, 59)

Dement, W. C., & Wolpert, E. A. (1958). The relation of eye movements, body mobility, and external stimuli to dream content. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 543–553. (p. 60)

Demicheli, V., Rivetti, A., Debalini, M. G., & Di Pietrantonj, C. (2012, February 15). Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2, CD004407. (p. 78)

Demir, E., & Dickson, B. J. (2005). Fruitless splicing specifies male courtship behavior in Drosophila. Cell, 121, 785–794. (p. 123)

de Moraes, L. (2010, March 18). Reality show contestants willing to kill in French experiment. Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com). (p. 344)

DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197–229. (p. 305)

Denollet, J. (2005). DS14: Standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 89–97. (p. 290)

Denollet, J., Sys, S. U., Stroobant, N., Rombouts, H. Gillebert, T. C., & Brutsaert, D. L. (1996). Personality as independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Lancet, 347, 417–421. (p. 290)

Denson, T. F. (2011). A social neuroscience perspective on the neurobiological bases of aggression. In P. R. Shaver & M. Mikulincer (Eds.), Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences. Washington, DC: U. S. American Psychological Association. (p. 355)

Denson, T. F., von Hippel, W., Kemp, R. I., & Teo, L. S. (2010). Glucose consumption decreases impulsive aggression in response to provocation in aggressive individuals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 1023–1028. (p. 293)

Denton, K., & Krebs, D. (1990). From the scene to the crime: The effect of alcohol and social context on moral judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 242–248. (p. 383)

Depla, M. F. I. A., ten Have, M. L., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & de Graaf, R. (2008). Specific fears and phobias in the general population: Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 200–208. (p. 378)

Dermer, M., Cohen, S. J., Jacobsen, E., & Anderson, E. A. (1979). Evaluative judgments of aspects of life as a function of vicarious exposure to hedonic extremes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 247–260. (p. 305)

DeSteno, D., Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Rucker, D. D. (2000). Beyond valence in the perception of likelihood: The role of emotion specificity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 397–416. (p. 205)

Dettman, S. J., Pinder, D., Briggs, R. J. S., Dowell, R. C., & Leigh, J. R. (2007). Communication development in children who receive the cochlear implant younger than 12 months: Risk versus benefits. Ear and Hearing, 28(2), Supplement 11S–18S. (p. 153)

Deutsch, J. A. (1972, July). Brain reward: ESP and ecstasy. Psychology Today, 46–48. (p. 42)

DeValois, R. L., & DeValois, K. K. (1975). Neural coding of color. In E. C. Carterette & M. P. Friedman (Eds.), Handbook of perception: Vol. V. Seeing. New York: Academic Press. (p. 144)

Devilly, G. J., Gist, R., & Cotton, P. (2006). Ready! Fire! Aim! The status of psychological debriefing and therapeutic interventions: In the work place and after disasters. Review of General Psychology, 10, 318–345. (p. 379)

de Waal, F. (2011). Back cover quote for D. Blum, Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the science of affection. New York: Basic Books. (p. 82)

DeWall, C. N., Baumeister, R. F., Stillman, T. F., & Gaillot, M. T. (2007). Violence restrained: Effects of self-regulation and its depletion on aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 62–76. (p. 293)

DeWall, C. N., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Hot under the collar in a lukewarm environment: Words associated with hot temperature increase aggressive thoughts and hostile perceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 1045–1047. (p. 355)

DeWall, C. N., MacDonald, G., Webster, G. D., Masten, C. L., Baumeister, R. F., Powell, C., Combs, D., Schurtz, D. R., Stillman, T. F., Tice, D. M., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2010). Acetaminophen reduces social pain: Behavioral and neural evidence. Psychological Science, 21, 931–937. (p. 266)

de Wit, L., Luppino, F., van Straten, A., Penninx, B., Zitman, F., & Cuijpers, P. (2010). Depression and obesity: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Psychiatry Research, 178, 230–235. (p. 261)

De Wolff, M. S., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68, 571–591. (p. 82)

DeYoung, C. G., Hirsch, J. B., Shane, M. S., Papademetris, X., Rajeevan, N., & Gray, J. R. (2010). Testing predictions from personality neuroscience: Brain structure and the Big Five. Psychological Science, 21, 820–828. (p. 324)

Diaconis, P. (2002, August 11). Quoted by L. Belkin, The odds of that. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 11)

Diaconis, P., & Mosteller, F. (1989). Methods for studying coincidences. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84, 853–861. (p. 11)

Diamond, L. (2008). Sexual fluidity: Understanding women’s love and desire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 121)

Dickens, W. T., & Flynn, J. R. (2006). Black Americans reduce the racial IQ gap: Evidence from standardization samples. Psychological Science, 17, 913–920. (p. 248)

Dickler, J. (2007, January 18). Best employers, great returns. CNNMoney.com. (p. B-4)

Dickson, B. J. (2005, June 3). Quoted in E. Rosenthal, For fruit flies, gene shift tilts sex orientation. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 123)

Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010). The memory function of sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 114–126. (p. 208)

Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines of national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 397–404. (p. 305)

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., & Sandvik, E. (1986). The dual nature of happiness: Independence of positive and negative moods. Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois. (p. 100)

Diener, E., Ng, W., Harter, J., & Arora, R. (2009). Wealth and happiness across the world: Material prosperity predicts life evaluation, while psychosocial prosperity predicts positive feeling. Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois and the Gallup Organization. (p. 305)

Diener, E., Nickerson, C., Lucas, R. E., & Sandvik, E. (2002). Dispositional affect and job outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 59, 229–259. (p. 301)

Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2000). Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations. In E. Diener & E. M. Suh (Eds.), Subjective well-being across cultures. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (p. 304)

Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403–425. (p. 305)

Diener, E., Tay, L., & Myers, D. G. (2011). The religion paradox: If religion makes people happy, why are so many dropping out? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 1278–1290. (p. 15)

Diener, E., Wolsic, B., & Fujita, F. (1995). Physical attractiveness and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 120–129. (p. 360)

DiFranza, J. R. (2008, May). Hooked from the first cigarette. Scientific American, pp. 82–87. (p. 384)

DiLalla, D. L., Carey, G., Gottesman, I. I., & Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (1996). Heritability of MMPI personality indicators of psychopathology in twins reared apart. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 491–499. (p. 394)

Dimberg, U., Thunberg, M., & Elmehed, K. (2000). Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Psychological Science, 11, 86–89. (pp. 271, 278)

Dingfelder, S. F. (2010, November). A second chance for the Mexican wolf. Monitor on Psychology, pp. 20–21. (p. 182)

Dion, K. K., & Dion, K. L. (1993). Individualistic and collectivistic perspectives on gender and the cultural context of love and intimacy. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 53–69. (p. 332)

DiSalvo, D. (2010, January/February). Are social networks messing with your head? Scientific American Mind, pp. 48–55. (p. 267)

Di Tella, R., Haisken-De New, J., & MacCulloch, R. (2010). Happiness adaptation to income and to status in an individual panel. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76, 834–852. (p. 304)

Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., & Tredoux, C. (2007). Intergroup contact and attitudes toward the principle and practice of racial equality. Psychological Science, 18, 867–872. (p. 366)

Dobbs, D. (2009, April). The post-traumatic stress trap. Scientific American, pp. 64–69. (p. 379)

Dodman, N. H., Karlsson, E. K., Moon-Fanelli, A., Galdzicka, M., Perloski, M., Shuster, L., Lindblad-Toh, K., & Ginns, E. I. (2010). A canine chromosome 7 locus confers compulsive disorder susceptibility. Molecular Psychiatry 15, 8–10. (p. 380)

Dohrenwend, B. S., Pearlin, L., Clayton, P., Hamburg, B., Dohrenwend, B. P., Riley, M., & Rose, R. (1982). Report on stress and life events. In G. R. Elliott & C. Eisdorfer (Eds.), Stress and human health: Analysis and implications of research (A study by the Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Sciences). New York: Springer. (p. 284)

Dolezal, H. (1982). Living in a world transformed. New York: Academic Press. (p. 151)

Domhoff, G. W. (1996). Finding meaning in dreams: A quantitative approach. New York: Plenum. (p. 60)

Domhoff, G. W. (2000). Moving dream theory beyond Freud and Jung. Paper presented to the symposium, “Beyond Freud and Jung?” Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, CA, 9/23/2000. (p. 61)

Domhoff, G. W. (2007). Realistic simulations and bizarreness in dream content: Past findings and suggestions for future research. In D. Barrett & P. McNamara (Eds.), The new science of dreaming: Content, recall, and personality characteristics. Westport, CT: Praeger. (p. 60)

Domhoff, G. W. (2010). The case for a cognitive theory of dreams. Unpublished manuscript: University of California at Santa Cruz (dreamresearch.net/Library/domhoff_2010.html). (p. 61)

Domhoff, G. W. (2011). The neural substrate for dreaming: Is it a subsystem of the default network? Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1163–74. (p. 61)

Domjan, M. (1992). Adult learning and mate choice: Possibilities and experimental evidence. American Zoologist, 32, 48–61. (p. 171)

Domjan, M. (1994). Formulation of a behavior system for sexual conditioning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 421–428. (p. 171)

Domjan, M. (2005). Pavlovian conditioning: A functional perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 56. (p. 171)

Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16, 328–335. (p. 331)

Donnerstein, E. (1998). Why do we have those new ratings on television? Invited address to the National Institute on the Teaching of Psychology. (pp. 187, 188)

Donnerstein, E. (2011). The media and aggression: From TV to the Internet. In J. Forgas, A. Kruglanski, & K. Williams (eds.), The psychology of social conflict and aggression. New York: Psychology Press. (p. 187)

Donohue, J., & Gebhard, P. (1995). The Kinsey Institute/Indiana University report on sexuality and spinal cord injury. Sexuality and Disability, 13, 7–85. (p. 118)

Donvan, J., & Zucker, C. (2010, October). Autism’s first child. The Atlantic (www.theatlantic.com). (p. 79)

Douglas, K. S., Guy, L. S., & Hart, S. D. (2009). Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 679–706. (p. 376)

Douthat, R. (2010, November 28). The partisan mind. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 352)

Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1999). Reducing prejudice: Combating intergroup biases. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 101–105. (p. 366)

Downs, E., & Smith, S. L. (2010). Keeping abreast of hypersexuality: A video game character content analysis. Sex Roles, 62, 721–733. (p. 119)

Doyle, R. (2005, March). Gay and lesbian census. Scientific American, p. 28. (p. 125)

Draguns, J. G. (1990a). Normal and abnormal behavior in cross-cultural perspective: Specifying the nature of their relationship. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1989, 37, 235–277. (p. 371)

Draguns, J. G. (1990b). Applications of cross-cultural psychology in the field of mental health. In R. W. Brislin (Ed.), Applied cross-cultural psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (p. 371)

Draguns, J. G. (1997). Abnormal behavior patterns across cultures: Implications for counseling and psychotherapy. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 21, 213–248. (p. 371)

Driessen, E., Cuijpers, P., de Maat, S. C. M., Abbas, A. A., de Jonghe, F., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2010). The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 25–36. (p. 422)

Druckman, D., & Bjork, R. A. (Eds.) (1994). Learning, remembering, believing: Enhancing human performance. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. (p. 156)

Drydakis, N. (2009). Sexual orientation discrimination in the labour market. Labour Economics, 16, 364–372. (p. 350)

Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2009). Positive predictors of teacher effectiveness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 540–547. (p. B-3)

Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Discipline outdoes talent: Self-discipline predicts academic performance in adolescents. Psychological Science, 12, 939–944. (pp. 293, B-3)

Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). Self-discipline gives girls the edge: Gender in self-discipline, grades, and achievement tests. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 198–208. (p. B-3)

Duclos, S. E., Laird, J. D., Sexter, M., Stern, L., & Van Lighten, O. (1989). Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 100–108. (p. 278)

Duggan, J. P., & Booth, D. A. (1986). Obesity, overeating, and rapid gastric emptying in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Science, 231, 609–611. (p. 259)

Dumont, K. A., Widom, C. S., & Czaja, S. J. (2007). Predictors of resilience in abused and neglected children grown-up: The role of individual and neighborhood characteristics. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 255–274. (p. 83)

Duncan, B. L. (1976). Differential social perception and attribution of intergroup violence: Testing the lower limits of stereotyping of blacks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 590–598. (p. 350)

Dunn, A. L., Trivedi, M. H., Kampert, J. B., Clark, C. G., & Chambliss, H. O. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression: Efficacy and dose response. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28, 1–8. (p. 297)

Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science, 319, 1687–1688. (p. 364)

Dunn, M., & Searle, R. (2010). Effect of manipulated prestige-car ownership on both sex attractiveness ratings. British Journal of Psychology, 101, 69–80. (p. 126)

Dunson, D. B., Colombo, B., & Baird, D. D. (2002). Changes with age in the level and duration of fertility in the menstrual cycle. Human Reproduction, 17, 1399–1403. (p. 95)

Durante, K., Griskevicius, V., Hill, S. E., Perilloux, C., & Li, N. P. (2011). Ovulation, female competition, and product choice: Hormonal influences on consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 37, 921–934. (p. 115)

Dutton, D. G., & Aron, A. P. (1974). Some evidence for heightened sexual attraction under conditions of high anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 510–517. (p. 362)

Dutton, D. G., & Aron, A. P. (1989). Romantic attraction and generalized liking for others who are sources of conflict-based arousal. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 21, 246–257. (p. 362)

Dutton, K. (2012). The wisdom of psychopaths: What saints, spies, and serial killers can teach us about success. New York: Scientific American/Farrar, Straus and Giroux. (p. 403)

Dweck, C. S. (2012). In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (Vol 2), pp. 43–61. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd. (p. 250)

Dye, M. W. G., Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2009). Increasing speed of processing with action video games. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 321–326. (p. 358)

Eagly, A. H. (2007). Female leadership advantage and disadvantage: Resolving the contradictions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 1–12. (p. B-6)

Eagly, A. H. (2009). The his and hers of prosocial behavior: An examination of the social psychology of gender. American Psychologist, 64, 644–658. (p. 110)

Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Kennedy, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but …: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109–128. (p. 360)

Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 109)

Eagly, A. H., Eaton, A., Rose, S. M., Riger, S., & McHugh, M. C. (2012). Feminism and psychology: Analysis of a half-century of research on women and gender. American Psychologist, 67, 211–230. (p. 108)

Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2013). The nature-nurture debates: 25 years of challenges in understanding the psychology of gender. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 340–357. (p. 110)

Easterlin, R. A., Morgan, R., Switek, M., & Wang, F. (2012). China’s life satisfaction, 1990–2010. PNAS, 109, 9670–9671. (p. 304)

Eastwick, P. W., & Finkel, E. J. (2008a). Speed-dating as a methodological innovation. The Psychologist, 21, 402–403. (p. 359)

Eastwick, P. W., & Finkel, E. J. (2008b). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 245–264. (p. 359)

Eberhardt, J. L. (2005). Imaging race. American Psychologist, 60, 181–190. (p. 351)

Eckensberger, L. H. (1994). Moral development and its measurement across cultures. In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and culture. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. (p. 88)

Eckert, E. D., Heston, L. L., & Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (1981). MZ twins reared apart: Preliminary findings of psychiatric disturbances and traits. In L. Gedda, P. Paris, & W. D. Nance (Eds.), Twin research: Vol. 3. Pt. B. Intelligence, personality, and development. New York: Alan Liss. (p. 380)

Economist. (2001, December 20). An anthropology of happiness. The Economist (www.economist.com/world/asia). (p. 265)

Edelman, S., & Kidman, A. D. (1997). Mind and cancer: Is there a relationship? A review of the evidence. Australian Psychologist, 32, 1–7. (p. 288)

Edwards, R. R., Campbell, C., Jamison, R. N., & Wiech, K. (2009). The neurobiological underpinnings of coping with pain. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 237–241. (p. 155)

Ehrlichman, H., & Halpern, J. N. (1988). Affect and memory: Effects of pleasant and unpleasant odors on retrieval of happy and unhappy memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 769–779. (p. 158)

Eisenberg, N., & Lennon, R. (1983). Sex differences in empathy and related capacities. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 100–131. (p. 276)

Eisenberger, N. I. (2012a). Broken hearts and broken bones: A neural perspective on the similarities between social and physical pain. Psychological Science, 21, 42–47. (p. 266)

Eisenberger, N. I. (2012b). The neural bases of social pain: Evidence for shared representations with physical pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74, 126–135. (p. 266)

Eisenberger, N. I., Master, S. L., Inagaki, T. K., Taylor, S. E., Shirinyan, D., Lieberman, M. D., & Nalifoff, B. D. (2011). Attachment figures activate a safety signal-related neural region and reduce pain experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 11721–11726. (p. 266)

Eisenberger, R., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Incremental effects of reward on creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 728–741. (p. 184)

Ekman, P. (1994). Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell’s mistaken critique. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 268–287. (p. 276)

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 276)

Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O’Sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., Krause, R., LeCompte, W. A., Pitcairn, T., Ricci-Bitti, P. E., Scherer, K., Tomita, M., & Tzavaras, A. (1987). Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 712–717. (p. 276)

Elbogen, E. B., & Johnson, S. C. (2009). The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 152–161. (p. 376)

Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (1999). Does it take one to know one? A meta-analysis of the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University. (p. 276)

Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 203–235. (p. 276)

Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2003a). When familiarity breeds accuracy: Cultural exposure and facial emotion recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 276–290. (p. 276)

Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2003b). Universals and cultural differences in recognizing emotions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 159–164. (p. 276)

Elkind, D. (1970). The origins of religion in the child. Review of Religious Research, 12, 35–42. (p. 87)

Elkind, D. (1978). The child’s reality: Three developmental themes. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 87)

Ellenbogen, J. M., Hu, P. T., Payne, J. D., Titone, D., & Walker, M. P. (2007). Human relational memory requires time and sleep. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 7723–7728. (p. 56)

Ellin, A. (2009, February 12). The recession. Isn’t it romantic? New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 359)

Elliot, A. J., & Niesta, D. (2008). Romantic red: Red enhances men’s attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1150–1164. (p. 183)

Elliot, A. J., Tracy, J. L., Pazda, A. D., & Beall, A. T. (2013). Red enhances women’s attractiveness to men: First evidence suggesting universality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 165–168. (p. 182)

Ellis, A. (1980). Psychotherapy and atheistic values: A response to A. E. Bergin’s “Psychotherapy and religious values.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 635–639. (p. 423)

Ellis, B. J., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Fergusson, D. M., John, H. L., Pettit, G. S., & Woodward, L. (2003). Does father absence place daughters at special risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy? Child Development, 74, 801–821. (p. 119)

Ellis, B. J., & Boyce, W. T. (2008). Biological sensitivity to context. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 183–187. (p. 380)

Ellis, L., & Ames, M. A. (1987). Neurohormonal functioning and sexual orientation: A theory of homosexuality-heterosexuality. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 233–258. (p. 123)

Else-Quest, N. M., Hyde, J. S., & Linn, M. C. (2010). Cross-national patterns of gender differences in mathematics: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 103–127. (p. 246)

Elzinga, B. M., Ardon, A. M., Heijnis, M. K., De Ruiter, M. B., Van Dyck, R., & Veltman, D. J. (2007). Neural correlates of enhanced working-memory performance in dissociative disorder: A functional MRI study. Psychological Medicine, 37, 235–245. (p. 402)

Emerging Trends. (1997, September). Teens turn more to parents than friends on whether to attend church. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Religion Research Center. (p. 91)

Emery, G., Jr. (2004). Psychic predictions 2004. Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (www.csicop.org). (p. 161)

Emery, G., Jr. (2006, January 17). Psychic predictions 2005. Skeptical Inquirer (www.csicop.org). (p. 161)

Emmons, R. A. (2007). Thanks! How the new science of gratitude can make you happier. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. (p. 306)

Emmons, S., Geisler, C., Kaplan, K. J., & Harrow, M. (1997). Living with schizophrenia. Muncie, IN: Taylor and Francis (Accelerated Development). (pp. 371, 397)

Endler, N. S. (1982). Holiday of darkness: A psychologist’s personal journey out of his depression. New York: Wiley. (pp. 395, 428)

Engemann, K. M., & Owyang, M. T. (2005, April). So much for that merit raise: The link between wages and appearance. Regional Economist (www.stlouisfed.org). (p. 360)

Engen, T. (1987). Remembering odors and their names. American Scientist, 75, 497–503. (p. 158)

England, P. (2010). The gender revolution: Uneven and stalled. Gender & Society, 24, 149–166. (p. 107)

English, T., & Chen, S. (2011) Self-concept consistency and culture: The differential impact of two forms of consistency. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 838–849. (p. 333)

Entringer, S., Buss, C., Andersen, J., Chicz-DeMet, A., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2011). Ecological momentary assessment of maternal cortisol profiles over a multiple-day period predicts the length of human gestation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 469–474. (p. 284)

Epel, E. S. (2009). Telomeres in a life-span perspective: A new “psychobiomarker”? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 6–9. (p. 96)

Epley, N., Keysar, B., Van Boven, L., & Gilovich, T. (2004). Perspective taking as egocentric anchoring and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 327–339. (p. 78)

Epley, N., Savitsky, K., & Gilovich, T. (2002). Empathy neglect: Reconciling the spotlight effect and the correspondence bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 300–312. (p. 329)

Epstein, J., Stern, E., & Silbersweig, D. (1998). Mesolimbic activity associated with psychosis in schizophrenia: Symptom-specific PET studies. In J. F. McGinty (Ed.), Advancing from the ventral striatum to the extended amygdala: Implications for neuropsychiatry and drug use: In honor of Lennart Heimer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 877, 562–574. (p. 398)

Epstein, K. (2006, Spring). Crisis mentality: Why sudden emergencies attract more funds than do chronic conditions, and how nonprofits can change that. Stanford Social Innovation Review, pp. 48–57. (p. 225)

Epstein, S. (1983a). Aggregation and beyond: Some basic issues on the prediction of behavior. Journal of Personality, 51, 360–392. (p. 325)

Epstein, S. (1983b). The stability of behavior across time and situations. In R. Zucker, J. Aronoff, & A. I. Rabin (Eds.), Personality and the prediction of behavior. San Diego: Academic Press. (p. 325)

Erdberg, P. (1990). Rorschach assessment. In G. Goldstein & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of psychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York: Pergamon. (p. 317)

Erdelyi, M. H. (1985). Psychoanalysis: Freud’s cognitive psychology. New York: Freeman. (p. 318)

Erdelyi, M. H. (1988). Repression, reconstruction, and defense: History and integration of the psychoanalytic and experimental frameworks. In J. Singer (Ed.), Repression: Defense mechanism and cognitive style. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (p. 318)

Erdelyi, M. H. (2006). The unified theory of repression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 499–551. (p. 318)

Erickson, K. I. (2009). Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans. Hippocampus, 19, 1030–1039. (p. 95)

Erickson, K. I., & 9 others. (2010). Physical activity predicts gray matter volume in late adulthood: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology, 75, 1415–1422. (p. 95)

Erickson, M. F., & Aird, E. G. (2005). The motherhood study: Fresh insights on mothers’ attitudes and concerns. New York: The Motherhood Project, Institute for American Values. (p. 99)

Ericsson, K. A. (2001). Attaining excellence through deliberate practice: Insights from the study of expert performance. In M. Ferrari (Ed.), The pursuit of excellence in education. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. B-3)

Ericsson, K. A. (2002). Attaining excellence through deliberate practice: Insights from the study of expert performance. In C. Desforges & R. Fox (Eds.), Teaching and learning: The essential readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. (p. 238)

Ericsson, K. A. (2006). The influence of experience and deliberate practice on the development of superior expert performance. In K. A. Ericsson, N. Charness, P. J. Feltovich, & R. R. Hoffman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (p. B-3)

Ericsson, K. A. (2007). Deliberate practice and the modifiability of body and mind: Toward a science of the structure and acquisition of expert and elite performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 38, 4–34. (p. 238)

Ericsson, K. A., Roring, R. W., & Nandagopal, K. (2007). Giftedness and evidence for reproducibly superior performance: An account based on the expert performance framework. High Ability Studies, 18, 3–56. (pp. 250, B-3)

Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. New York: Norton. (p. 89)

Erol, R. Y., & Orth, U. (2011). Self-esteem development from age 14 to 30 years: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 607–619. (pp. 90, 329)

Ertmer, D. J., Young, N. M., & Nathani, S. (2007). Profiles of focal development in young cochlear implant recipients. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 393–407. (p. 231)

Escobar-Chaves, S. L., Tortolero, S. R., Markham, C. M., Low, B. J., Eitel, P., & Thickstun, P. (2005). Impact of the media on adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors. Pediatrics, 116, 303–326. (p. 119)

Esser, J. K., & Lindoerfer, J. S. (1989). Groupthink and the space shuttle Challenger accident: Toward a quantitative case analysis. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2, 167–177. (p. 349)

Esterling, B. A., L’Abate, L., Murray, E. J., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1999). Empirical foundations for writing in prevention and psychotherapy: Mental and physical health outcomes. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 79–96. (p. 296)

Esterson, A. (2001). The mythologizing of psychoanalytic history: Deception and self-deception in Freud’s accounts of the seduction theory episode. History of Psychiatry, 12, 329–352. (p. 317)

Eurich, T. L., Krause, D. E., Cigularov, K., & Thornton, G. C., III. (2009). Assessment centers: Current practices in the United States. Journal of Business Psychology, 24, 387–407. (p. 328)

Evans, C. R., & Dion, K. L. (1991). Group cohesion and performance: A meta-analysis. Small Group Research, 22, 175–186. (p. B-7)

Evans, N., & Levinson, S. C. (2009). The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 429–492. (p. 231)

Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., Campbell, W. K., & Finkel, E. J. (2004). Too proud to let go: Narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 894–912. (p. 330)

Exner, J. E. (2003). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. (p. 317)

Eysenck, H. J. (1952). The effects of psychotherapy: An evaluation. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 16, 319–324. (p. 421)

Eysenck, H. J. (1990, April 30). An improvement on personality inventory. Current Contents: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 22(18), 20. (p. 323)

Eysenck, H. J. (1992). Four ways five factors are not basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 667–673. (p. 323)

Eysenck, H. J., & Grossarth-Maticek, R. (1991). Creative novation behaviour therapy as a prophylactic treatment for cancer and coronary heart disease: Part II—Effects of treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 17–31. (p. 298)

Eysenck, H. J., Wakefield, J. A., Jr., & Friedman, A. F. (1983). Diagnosis and clinical assessment: The DSM-III. Annual Review of Psychology, 34, 167–193. (p. 375)

Eysenck, S. B. G., & Eysenck, H. J. (1963). The validity of questionnaire and rating assessments of extraversion and neuroticism, and their factorial stability. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 51–62. (p. 322)

Fabiano, G. A., Pelham, W. E., Jr., Coles, E. K., Gnagy, E. M., Chronis-Tuscano, A., & O’Connor, B. C. (2008). A meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 129–140. (p. 373)

Fagan, J. F., & Holland, C. R. (2007). Equal opportunity and racial differences in IQ. Intelligence, 30, 361–387. (p. 249)

Fairfield, H. (2012, February 4). Girls lead in science exam, but not in the United States. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 247)

Falk, R., Falk, R., & Ayton, P. (2009). Subjective patterns of randomness and choice: Some consequences of collective responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 203–224. (p. 10)

Farah, M. J., Rabinowitz, C., Quinn, G. E., & Liu, G. T. (2000). Early commitment of neural substrates for face recognition. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17, 117–124. (p. 47)

Farb, N. A. S., Anderson, A. K., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., & Segal, Z. V. (2010). Minding one’s emotions: Mindfulness training alters the neural expression of sadness. Emotion, 10, 25–33. (p. 299)

Farina, A. (1982). The stigma of mental disorders. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), In the eye of the beholder. New York: Praeger. (pp. 372, 375)

Farley, M., Baral, I., Kiremire, M., & Sezgin, U. (1998). Prostitution in five countries: Violence and post-traumatic stress disorder. Feminism and Psychology, 8, 405–426. (p. 379)

Farrington, D. P. (1991). Antisocial personality from childhood to adulthood. The Psychologist: Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 4, 389–394. (p. 403)

Fazel, S., & Grann, M. (2006). The population impact of severe mental illness on violent crime. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1397–1403. (p. 376)

Fazel, S., Langstrom, N., Hjern, A., Grann, M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2009). Schizophrenia, substance abuse, and violent crime. JAMA, 301, 2016–2023. (p. 376)

Fazel, S., Lichtenstein, P., Grann, M., Goodwin, G. M., & Långström, N. (2010). bipolar disorder and violent crime: new evidence from population-based longitudinal studies and systematic review. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 931–938. (p. 376)

Feeney, J. A. (2008). Adult romantic attachment: Developments in the study of couple relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 456–481). New York: Guilford. (p. 83)

Feingold, A. (1990). Gender differences in effects of physical attractiveness on romantic attraction: A comparison across five research paradigms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 981–993. (p. 360)

Feingold, A. (1992). Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304–341. (p. 360)

Feingold, A., & Mazzella, R. (1998). Gender differences in body image are increasing. Psychological Science, 9, 190–195. (p. 401)

Feinstein, J. S., Duff, M. C., & Tranel, D. (2010, April 27). Sustained experiences of emotion after loss of memory in patients with amnesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 7674–7679. (pp. 41, 200)

Feng, J., Spence, I., & Pratt, J. (2007). Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition. Psychological Science, 18, 850–855. (p. 247)

Ferguson, C. J. (2009a). Media violence effects: Confirmed truth or just another X-file? Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 9, 103–126. (p. 188)

Ferguson, C. J. (2009b, June 14). Not every child is secretly a genius. The Chronicle Review (http://chronicle.com/article/Not-Every-Child-Is-Secretly/48001). (p. 237)

Ferguson, C. J. (2010). A meta-analysis of normal and disordered personality across the life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 659–667. (p. 102)

Ferguson, C. J., & Kilburn, J. (2010). Much ado about nothing: The misestimation and overinterpretation of violent video game effects in Eastern and Western nations: Comment on Anderson et al. (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 136, 174–178. (p. 358)

Ferguson, C. J., San Miguel, C., Garza, A., & Jerabeck, J. M. (2011). A longitudinal test of video game violence influences on dating and aggression: A 3-year longitudinal study of adolescents. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 141–146. (p. 358)

Ferguson, C. J., Winegard, B., & Winegard, B. M. (2011). Who is the fairest one of all? How evolution guides peer and media influences on female body dissatisfaction. Review of General Psychology, 15, 11–28. (p. 401)

Ferguson, M. J., & Zayas, V. (2009). Automatic evaluation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 362–366. (p. 136)

Fergusson, D. M., & Woodward, L. G. (2002). Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 225–231. (p. 393)

Fernández-Dols, J-M., & Ruiz-Belda, M-A. (1995). Are smiles a sign of happiness? Gold medal winners at the Olympic Games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1113–1119. (p. 277)

Fernyhough, C. (2008). Getting Vygotskian about theory of mind: Mediation, dialogue, and the development of social understanding. Developmental Review, 28, 225–262. (p. 80)

Ferriman, K., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (2009). Work preferences, life values, and personal views of top math/science graduate students and the profoundly gifted: Developmental changes and gender differences during emerging adulthood and parenthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 517–522. (p. 110)

Ferris, C. F. (1996, March). The rage of innocents. The Sciences, pp. 22–26. (p. 84)

Feynman, R. (1997). Quoted by E. Hutchings (Ed.), “Surely you’re joking, Mr. Feynman.” New York: Norton. (p. 9)

Fiedler, F. E. (1981). Leadership effectiveness. American Behavioral Scientist, 24, 619–632. (p. B-6)

Fiedler, F. E. (1987, September). When to lead, when to stand back. Psychology Today, pp. 26–27. (p. B-7)

Field, A. P. (2006). Is conditioning a useful framework for understanding the development and treatment of phobias? Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 857–875. (p. 379)

Field, T. (2010). Touch for socioemotional and physical well-being: A review. Developmental Review, 30, 367–383. (p. 74)

Fields, R. D. (2009). The other brain: From dementia to schizophrenia, how new discoveries about the brain are revolutionizing medicine and science. New York: Simon & Schuster. (p. 30)

Fikke, L. T., Melinder, A., & Landrø, N. I. (2011). Executive functions are impaired in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. Psychological Medicine, 41, 601–610. (p. 392)

Fincham, F. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (1993). Marital satisfaction, depression, and attributions: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 442–452. (p. 339)

Finchilescu, G., & Tredoux, C. (eds.) (2010). Intergroup relations in post apartheid South Africa: Change, and obstacles to change. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 223–236. (p. 366)

Fingelkurts, A. A., & Fingelkurts, A. A. (2009). Is our brain hardwired to produce God, or is our brain hardwired to perceive God? A systematic review on the role of the brain in mediating religious experience. Cognitive Processes, 10, 293–326. (p. 47)

Fingerman, K. L., & Charles, S. T. (2010). It takes two to tango: Why older people have the best relationships. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 172–176. (p. 100)

Fink, M. (2009). Electroconvulsive therapy: A guide for professionals and their patients. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 427)

Finkel, E. J., DeWall, C. N., Slotter, E. B., McNulty, J. K., Pond, R. S., Jr., & Atkins, D. C. (2012). Using I3 theory to clarify when dispositional aggressiveness predicts intimate partner violence perpetration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 533–549. (p. 293)

Finkel, E. J., & Eastwick, P. W. (2008). Speed-dating. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 193–197. (p. 360)

Finkel, E. J., & Eastwick, P. W. (2009). Arbitrary social norms influence sex differences in romantic selectivity. Psychological Science 20, 1290–1295. (p. 359)

Finkel, E. J., Eastwick, P. W., Karney, B. R., Reis, H. T., & Sprecher, S. (2012a, September/October). Dating in a digital world. Scientific American Mind, pp. 26–33. (pp. 322, 359)

Finkel, E. J., Eastwick, P. W., Karney, B. R., Reis, H. T., & Sprecher, S. (2012b). Online dating: A critical analysis from the perspective of psychological science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13, 3–66. (pp. 322, 359)

Fiore, M. C., & 23 others. (2008). Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical practice guideline. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (p. 385)

Fischer, P., & Greitemeyer, T. (2006). Music and aggression: The impact of sexual-aggressive song lyrics on aggression-related thoughts, emotions, and behavior toward the same and the opposite sex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1165–1176. (p. 357)

Fischer, P., Greitemeyer, T., Kastenmüller, A., Vogrincic, C., & Sauer, A. (2011). The effects of risk-glorifying media exposure on risk-positive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 367–390. (pp. 188, 357)

Fischer, R., & Boer, D. (2011). What is more important for national well-being: Money or autonomy? A meta-analysis of well-being, burnout, and anxiety across 63 societies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 164–184. (p. 303)

Fischhoff, B. (1982). Debiasing. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 223)

Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1977). Knowing with certainty: The appropriateness of extreme confidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 552–564. (p. 223)

Fishbach, A., Dhar, R., & Zhang, Y. (2006). Subgoals as substitutes or complements: The role of goal accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 232–242. (p. B-6)

Fisher, E. L., & Borgida, E. (2012). Intergroup disparities and implicit bias: A commentary. Journal of Social Issues, 68, 385–398. (p. 351)

Fisher, H. E. (1993, March/April). After all, maybe it’s biology. Psychology Today, pp. 40–45. (p. 97)

Fisher, H. T. (1984). Little Albert and Little Peter. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 37, 269. (p. 414)

Fitzgerald, P. B., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2008). The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation in the treatment of depression. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 25–29. (p. 428)

Flack, W. F. (2006). Peripheral feedback effects of facial expressions, bodily postures, and vocal expressions on emotional feelings. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 177–195. (p. 278)

Flaherty, D. K. (2011). The vaccine-autism connection: a public health crisis caused by unethical medical practices and fraudulent science. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 45, 1302–1304. (p. 78)

Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., Ogden, C. L. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999–2010. JAMA, 307, 491–497. (p. 262)

Fleming, I., Baum, A., & Weiss, L. (1987). Social density and perceived control as mediator of crowding stress in high-density residential neighborhoods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 899–906. (p. 292)

Fleming, J. H. (2001, Winter/Spring). Introduction to the special issue on linkage analysis. The Gallup Research Journal, pp. i–vi. (p. B-5)

Fleming, J. H., & Scott, B. A. (1991). The costs of confession: The Persian Gulf War POW tapes in historical and theoretical perspective. Contemporary Social Psychology, 15, 127–138. (p. 276)

Fletcher, G. J. O., Fitness, J., & Blampied, N. M. (1990). The link between attributions and happiness in close relationships: The roles of depression and explanatory style. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 243–255. (p. 339)

Flora, S. R. (2004). The power of reinforcement. Albany, NJ: SUNY Press. (p. 180)

Flora, S. R., & Bobby, S. E. (2008, September/October). The bipolar bamboozle. Skeptical Inquirer, pp. 41–45. (p. 392)

Flynn, J. R. (2003). Movies about intelligence: The limitations of g. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 95–99. (p. 244)

Flynn, J. R. (2007). What is intelligence? New York: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 244, 249)

Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20–35. (p. 415)

Food and Drug Administration. (2011). FDA Executive Summary. Prepared for the January 27–28, 2011 meeting of the Neurological Devices Panel (www.fda.gov). (p. 428)

Ford, E. S. (2002). Does exercise reduce inflammation? Physical activity and B-reactive protein among U.S. adults. Epidemiology, 13, 561–569. (p. 297)

Ford, M. T., Cerasoli, C. P., Higgins, J. A., & Deccesare, A. L. (2011). Relationships between psychological, physical, and behavioural health and work performance: A review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 25, 185–204. (p. B-5)

Foree, D. D., & LoLordo, V. M. (1973). Attention in the pigeon: Differential effects of food-getting versus shock-avoidance procedures. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 85, 551–558. (p. 183)

Forgas, J. P. (2008). Affect and cognition. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 94–101. (p. 301)

Forgas, J. P. (2009, November/December). Think negative! Australian Science, pp. 14–17. (p. 390)

Forgas, J. P., Bower, G. H., & Krantz, S. E. (1984). The influence of mood on perceptions of social interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 497–513. (p. 205)

Forhan, S. E., Gottlieb, S. L., Sternberg, M. R., Xu, F., Datta, D., Berman, S., & Markowitz, L. (2008). Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among female adolescents in the United States: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004. Paper presented to the 2008 National STD Prevention Conference, Chicago, Illinois. (p. 117)

Forsyth, D. R., Lawrence, N. K., Burnette, J. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2007). Attempting to improve academic performance of struggling college students by bolstering their self-esteem: An intervention that backfired. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 447–459. (p. 330)

Foss, D. J., & Hakes, D. T. (1978). Psycholinguistics: An introduction to the psychology of language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 317)

Foster, R. G. (2004). Are we trying to banish biological time? Cerebrum, 6(2), 7–26. (p. 55)

Foubert, J. D., Brosi, M. W., & Bannon, R. S. (2011). Pornography viewing among fraternity men: Effects on bystander intervention, rape myth acceptance, and behavioral intent to commit sexul assault. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 18, 212–231. (p. 118)

Foulkes, D. (1999). Children’s dreaming and the development of consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 61)

Fournier, J. C., DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Dimidjian, S., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., & Fawcett, J. (2010). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 47–53. (p. 427)

Fouts, R. S. (1992). Transmission of a human gestural language in a chimpanzee mother-infant relationship. Friends of Washoe, 12/13, pp. 2–8. (p. 235)

Fouts, R. S. (1997). Next of kin: What chimpanzees have taught me about who we are. New York: Morrow. (p. 235)

Fowles, D. C., & Dindo, L. (2009). Temperament and psychopathy: A dual-pathway model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 179–183. (p. 403)

Fox, B. H. (1998). Psychosocial factors in cancer incidence and prognosis. In P. M. Cinciripini & others (Eds.), Psychological and behavioral factors in cancer risk. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 288)

Fox, E., Lester, V., Russo, R., Bowles, R. J., Pichler, A., & Dutton, K. (2000). Facial expression of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? Cognition and Emotion, 14, 61–92. (p. 275)

Fox, J. L. (1984). The brain’s dynamic way of keeping in touch. Science, 225, 820–821. (p. 47)

Fox, M. L., Dwyer, D. J., & Ganster, D. C. (1993). Effects of stressful job demands and control on physiological and attitudinal outcomes in a hospital setting. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 289–318. (p. 291)

Fracassini, C. (2000, August 27). Holidaymakers led by the nose in sales quest. Scotland on Sunday. (p. 159)

Fraley, R. C., Roisman, G. I., Booth-LaForce, C., Owen, M. T., & Holland, A. S. (2013). Interpersonal and genetic origins of adult attachment styles: A longitudinal study from infancy to early adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 817–838. (p. 83)

Fraley, R. C., Vicary, A. M., Brumbaugh, C. C., & Roisman, G. I. (2011). Patterns of stability in adult attachment: An empirical test of two models of continuity and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 974–992. (p. 83)

Frances, A. J. (2012, December 2). DSM 5 is guide not Bible—Ignore its ten worst changes. www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dsm5-in-distress/201212/dsm-5-is-guide-not-bible-ignore-its-ten-worst-changes. (pp. 373, 375)

Frances, A. J. (2013). Saving normal: An insider’s revolt against out-of-control psychiatric diagnosis, DSM-5, big pharma, and the medicalization of ordinary life. New York: HarperCollins. (p. 375)

Frank, J. D. (1982). Therapeutic components shared by all psychotherapies. In J. H. Harvey & M. M. Parks (Eds.), The Master Lecture Series: Vol. 1. Psychotherapy research and behavior change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (pp. 422, 423)

Frankenburg, W., Dodds, J., Archer, P., Shapiro, H., & Bresnick, B. (1992). The Denver II: A major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Pediatrics, 89, 91–97. (p. 74)

Frankl, V. E. (1962). Man’s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. Boston: Beacon Press. (p. 296)

Franklin, M., & Foa, E. B. (2011). Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 229–243. (p. 380)

Frasure-Smith, N., & Lesperance, F. (2005). Depression and coronary heart disease: Complex synergism of mind, body, and environment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 39–43. (p. 290)

Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 823–865. (p. 296)

Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. S. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), A life worth living: Contributions to positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 301)

Freedman, D. H. (2011, February). How to fix the obesity crisis. Scientific American, pp. 40–47. (p. 264)

Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. K. (2001). Categorical representation of visual stimuli in the primate prefrontal cortex. Science, 291, 312–316. (p. 228)

Freedman, J. L. (1988). Television violence and aggression: What the evidence shows. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Television as a social issue. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (p. 188)

Freedman, J. L., & Perlick, D. (1979). Crowding, contagion, and laughter. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 295–303. (p. 347)

Freedman, R., & 12 others. (2013). The initial field trials of DSM-5: New blooms and old thorns. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 1–5. (p. 375)

Freeman, E. C., & Twenge, J. M. (2010, January). Using MySpace increases the endorsement of narcissistic personality traits. Poster presented at the annual conference of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Las Vegas, NV. (p. 268)

Freeman, W. J. (1991, February). The physiology of perception. Scientific American, pp. 78–85. (p. 151)

Freud, S. (1935: reprinted 1960). A general introduction to psychoanalysis. New York: Washington Square Press. (p. 97)

Freyd, J. J., DePrince, A. P., & Gleaves, D. H. (2007). The state of betrayal trauma theory: Reply to McNally—Conceptual issues and future directions. Memory, 15, 295–311. (p. 213)

Freyd, J. J., Putnam, F. W., Lyon, T. D., Becker-Blease, K. A., Cheit, R. E., Siegel, N. B., & Pezdek, K. (2005). The science of child sexual abuse. Science, 308, 501. (p. 84)

Frick, L. R., Barreiro Arcos, M. L., Rapanelli, M., Zappia, M. P., Brocco, M., Mongini, C., Genaro, A. M., & Cremaschi, G. A. (2009). Chronic restraint stress impairs T-cell immunity and promotes tumor progression in mice. Stress, 12, 134–143. (p. 288)

Fridlund, A. J., Beck, H. P., Goldie, W. D., & Irons, G. (2012a). Little Albert: A neurologically impaired child. History of Psychology, 15(4), 302–327. (p. 173)

Fridlund, A. J., Beck, H. P., Goldie, W. D., & Irons, G. (2012b). Little Albert: Answering the criticism. The Psychologist, 25, 258. (p. 173)

Friedman, H. S., & Rosenman, R. (1974). Type A behavior and your heart. New York: Knopf. (p. 289)

Friedman, M., & Ulmer, D. (1984). Treating Type A behavior—And your heart. New York: Knopf. (pp. 289, 298)

Friedman, R., & James, J. W. (2008). The myth of the sages of dying, death and grief. Skeptic, 14(2), 37–41. (p. 101)

Friedman, R. A. (2012, December 17). In gun debate, a misguided focus on mental illness. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 376)

Friend, T. (2004). Animal talk: Breaking the codes of animal language. New York: Free Press. (p. 235)

Frisch, M., & Zdravkovic, S. (2010). Body size at birth and same-sex marriage in young adulthood. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 117–123. (p. 124)

Frisell, T., Pawitan, Y., Långström, N., & Lichtenstein, P. (2012). Heritability, assortative mating and gender differences in violent crime: Results from a total population sample using twin, adoption, and sibling models. Behavior Genetics, 42, 3–18. (pp. 109, 403)

Frith, U., & Frith, C. (2001). The biological basis of social interaction. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 151–155. (p. 78)

Fritz, T., Jentschke, S., Gosselin, N., Sammler, D., Peretz, I., Turner, R., Friederici, A., & Koelsch, S. (2009). Universal recognition of three basic emotions in music. Current Biology, 19, 573–576. (p. 277)

Fromkin, V., & Rodman, R. (1983). An introduction to language (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. (p. 231)

Fry, A. F., & Hale, S. (1996). Processing speed, working memory, and fluid intelligence: Evidence for a developmental cascade. Psychological Science, 7, 237–241. (p. 95)

Fry, R., & Cohn, D. (2010, January 19). Women, men and the new economics of marriage. Pew Research Center (pewresearch.org). (p. 113)

Fuhriman, A., & Burlingame, G. M. (1994). Group psychotherapy: Research and practice. In A. Fuhriman & G. M. Burlingame (Eds.), Handbook of group psychotherapy. New York: Wiley. (p. 419)

Fujita, F., & Diener, E. (2005). Life satisfaction set point: Stability and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 158–164. (p. 305)

Fuller, M. J., & Downs, A. C. (1990). Spermarche is a salient biological marker in men’s development. Poster presented at the American Psychological Society convention. (p. 112)

Fuller, T. D., Edwards, J. N., Sermsri, S., & Vorakitphokatorn, S. (1993). Housing, stress, and physical well-being: Evidence from Thailand. Social Science & Medicine, 36, 1417–1428. (p. 292)

Funder, D. C., & Block, J. (1989). The role of ego-control, ego-resiliency, and IQ in delay of gratification in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1041–1050. (p. 88)

Furlow, F. B., & Thornhill, R. (1996, January/February). The orgasm wars. Psychology Today, pp. 42–46. (p. 116)

Furnham, A. (1982). Explanations for unemployment in Britain. European Journal of Social Psychology, 12, 335–352. (p. 339)

Furnham, A., & Baguma, P. (1994). Cross-cultural differences in the evaluation of male and female body shapes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15, 81–89. (p. 262)

Furnham, A., & Wu, J. (2008). Gender differences in estimates of one’s own and parental intelligence in China. Individual Differences Research, 6, 1–12. (p. 351)

Furr, R. M., & Funder, D. C. (1998). A multimodal analysis of personal negativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1580–1591. (p. 396)

Gaillard, R., Dehaene, S., Adam, C., Clémenceau, S., Hasboun, D., Baulac, M., Cohen, L., & Naccache, L. (2009). Converging intracranial markers of conscious access. PLoS Biology, 7(e): e1000061. (p. 50)

Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., Brewer, L. E., & Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 325–336. (p. 293)

Gaissmaier, W., & Gigerenzer, G. (2012). 9/11, Act II: A fine-grained analysis of regional variations in traffic fatalities in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks. Psychological Science, 23, 1449–1454. (p. 224)

Galambos, N. L. (1992). Parent-adolescent relations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 146–149. (p. 90)

Galanter, E. (1962). Contemporary psychophysics. In R. Brown, E. Galanter, E. H. Hess, & G. Mandler (Eds.), New directions in psychology. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston. (p. 135)

Gale, C. R., Batty, G. D., & Deary, I. J. (2008). Locus of control at age 10 years and health outcomes and behaviors at age 30 years: The 1970 British Cohort Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 397–403. (p. 293)

Gallese, V., Gernsbacher, M. A., Heyes, C., Hickok, G., & Iacoboni, M. (2011). Mirror neuron forum. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 369–407. (p. 186)

Gallup. (2010, accessed June 28). Gallup daily: U.S. mood. Based on the Gallup-Healthways well-being index. www.gallup.com. (p. 15)

Gallup Brain. (2008, accessed February 20). Woman for president: Question qn2f, March, 2007 wave. Brain.Gallup.com. (p. 350)

Gallup Organization. (2004, August 16). 65% of Americans receive NO praise or recognition in the workplace. E-mail from Tom Rath: bucket-book Self-recognition. Science, 167, 86–87. (p. B-6)

Gallup, G. G., Jr., & Frederick, D. A. (2010). The science of sex appeal: An evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 14, 240–250. (pp. 360, 361)

Gallup, G. H. (1972). The Gallup poll: Public opinion 1935–1971 (Vol. 3). New York: Random House. (p. 366)

Gangestad, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (2000). The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 573–587. (p. 126)

Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Garver-Apgar, C. E. (2010). Men’s facial masculinity predicts changes in their female partners’ sexual interests across the ovulatory cycle, whereas men’s intelligence does not. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 412–424. (p. 361)

Gangwisch, J. E., Babiss, L. A., Malaspina, D., Turner, J. B., Zammit, G. K., & Posner, K. (2010). Earlier parental set bedtimes as a protective factor against depression and suicidal ideation. Sleep, 33, 97–106. (p. 58)

Gao, Y., Raine, A., Venables, P. H., Dawson, M. E., & Mednick, S. A. (2010). Association of poor childhood fear conditioning and adult crime. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 56–60. (p. 403)

Garcia, J., & Gustavson, A. R. (1997, January). Carl R. Gustavson (1946–1996): Pioneering wildlife psychologist. APS Observer, pp. 34–35. (p. 182)

Garcia, J., & Koelling, R. A. (1966). Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning. Psychonomic Science, 4, 123–124. (p. 182)

Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books. (p. 236)

Gardner, H. (1998, March 19). An intelligent way to progress. The Independent (London), p. E4. (p. 236)

Gardner, H. (1998, November 5). Do parents count? New York Review of Books (www.nybooks.com). (p. 91)

Gardner, H. (2006). The development and education of the mind: The selected works of Howard Gardner. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis. (pp. 213, 236)

Gardner, H. (2011). The theory of multiple intelligences: As psychology, as education, as social science. Address on the receipt of an honorary degree from José Cela University in Madrid and the Prince of Asturias Prize for Social Science. (p. 236)

Gardner, J., & Oswald, A. J. (2007). Money and mental well-being: A longitudinal study of medium–sized lottery wins. Journal of Health Economics, 6, 49–60. (p. 304)

Gardner, R. A., & Gardner, B. I. (1969). Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science, 165, 664–672. (p. 234)

Garfield, C. (1986). Peak performers: The new heroes of American business. New York: Morrow. (p. 233)

Garon, N., Bryson, S. E., & Smith, I. M. (2008). Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 31–60. (p. 74)

Garrett, B. L. (2008). Judging innocence. Columbia Law Review, 108, 55–142. (p. 212)

Garry, M., Manning, C. G., Loftus, E. F., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Imagination inflation: Imagining a childhood event inflates confidence that it occurred. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 208–214. (p. 210)

Gartrell, N., & Bos, H. (2010). U.S. national longitudinal lesbian family study: Psychological adjustment of 17-year-old adolescents. Pediatrics, 126, 28–36. (p. 122)

Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 581–624. (p. 155)

Gates, G. J., & Newport, F. (2012, October 18). Special report: 3.4% of U.S. adults identify as LGBT. www.gallup.com. (p. 121)

Gazzaniga, M. S. (1967, August). The split brain in man. Scientific American, pp. 24–29. (pp. 48, 49)

Gazzaniga, M. S. (1989). Organization of the human brain. Science, 245, 947–952. (p. 49)

Gazzaniga, M. S. (2002, August 22). On “The brain: The final mystery.” Broadcast on BBC2. (p. 48)

Ge, X., & Natsuaki, M. N. (2009). In search of explanations for early pubertal timing effects on developmental psychopathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 327–441. (p. 86)

Geary, D. C. (1995). Sexual selection and sex differences in spatial cognition. Learning and Individual Differences, 7, 289–301. (p. 247)

Geary, D. C. (1996). Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 229–247. (p. 247)

Geary, D. C. (2010). Male, female: The evolution of human sex differences (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 110)

Geary, D. C., Salthouse, T. A., Chen, G-P., & Fan, L. (1996). Are East Asian versus American differences in arithmetical ability a recent phenomenon? Developmental Psychology, 32, 254–262. (p. 249)

Geen, R. G., & Thomas, S. L. (1986). The immediate effects of media violence on behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 42(3), 7–28. (p. 188)

Gehring, W. J., Wimke, J., & Nisenson, L. G. (2000). Action monitoring dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Science, 11(1), 1–6. (p. 381)

Geier, A. B., Rozin, P., & Doros, G. (2006). Unit bias: A new heuristic that helps explain the effects of portion size on food intake. Psychological Science, 17, 521–525. (p. 261)

Gentile, B., Grabe, S., Dolan-Pascoe, B., Wells, B. E., & Maitino, A. (2009). Gender differences in domain-specific self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Journal of General Psychology, 13, 34–45. (p. 357)

Gentile, D. A. (2009). Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: A national study. Psychological Science, 20, 594–602. (p. 358)

Gentile, D. A., Lynch, P. J., Linder, J. R., & Walsh, D. A. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 5–22. (p. 188)

George, L. K., Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., & McCullough, M. E. (2000). Spirituality and health: What we know, what we need to know. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 102–116. (p. 301)

George, M. S. (2003, September). Stimulating the brain. Scientific American, pp. 67–73. (p. 429)

George, M. S., & 12 others. (2010). Daily left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for major depressive disorder: A sham-controlled randomized trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 507–516. (p. 429)

Geraerts, E., Bernstein, D. M., Merckelbach, H., Linders, C., Raymaekers, L., & Loftus, E. F. (2008). Lasting false beliefs and their behavioral consequences. Psychological Science, 19, 749–753. (p. 210)

Geraerts, E., Schooler, J. W., Merckelbach, H., Jelicic, M., Hauer, B. J. A., & Ambadar, Z. (2007). The reality of recovered memories: Corroborating continuous and discontinuous memories of childhood sexual abuse. Psychological Science, 18, 564–568. (p. 213)

Gerber, J., & Wheeler, L. (2009). On being rejected: A meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 468–488. (p. 266)

Gerbner, G. (1990). Stories that hurt: Tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs in the mass media. In H. Resnik (Ed.), Youth and drugs: Society’s mixed messages. Rockville, MD: Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (p. 389)

Gerhart, K. A., Koziol-McLain, J., Lowenstein, S. R., & Whiteneck, G. G. (1994). Quality of life following spinal cord injury: Knowledge and attitudes of emergency care providers. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 23, 807–812. (p. 302)

Gerin, W., Chaplin, W., Schwartz, J. E., Holland, J., Alter, R., Wheeler, R., Duong, D., & Pickering, T. G. (2005). Sustained blood pressure increase after an acute stressor: The effects of the 11 September 2001 attack on New York City World Trade Center. Journal of Hypertension, 23, 279–284. (p. 289)

Gerrard, M., & Luus, C. A. E. (1995). Judgments of vulnerability to pregnancy: The role of risk factors and individual differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 160–171. (p. 119)

Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Parental corporal punishment and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 539–579. (p. 178)

Gershoff, E. T., Grogan-Kaylor, A., Lansford, J. E., Chang, L., Zelli, A., Deater-Deckard, K., & Dodge, K. A. (2010). Parent discipline practices in an international sample: Associations with child behaviors and moderation by perceived normativeness. Child Development, 81, 487–502. (p. 178)

Gertner, J. (2010, May 10). The rise and fall of the G.D.P. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 305)

Giancola, P. R. (2003). The moderating effects of dispositional empathy on alcohol-related aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 275–281. (p. 109)

Gibbons, F. X. (1986). Social comparison and depression: Company’s effect on misery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 140–148. (p. 305)

Gibson, E. J., & Walk, R. D. (1960, April). The “visual cliff.” Scientific American, pp. 64–71. (p. 146)

Giesbrecht, T., Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Merckelbach, H. (2008). Cognitive processes in dissociation: An analysis of core theoretical assumptions. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 617–647. (p. 402)

Giesbrecht, T., Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Merckelbach, H. (2010). Cognitive processes, trauma, and dissociation—Misconceptions and misrepresentations: Reply to Bremmer (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 136, 7–11. (p. 402)

Gigantesco, A., Stazi, M. A., Alessandri, G., Medda, E., Tarolla, E., & Fagnani, C. (2011). Psychological well-being (PWB): A natural life outlook? An Italian twin study of heritability on PWB in young adults. Psychological Medicine, 41, 2637–2649. (p. 305)

Gigerenzer, G. (2004). Dread risk, September 11, and fatal traffic accidents. Psychological Science, 15, 286–287. (p. 224)

Gigerenzer, G. (2006). Out of the frying pan into the fire: Behavioral reactions to terrorist attacks. Risk Analysis, 26, 347–351. (p. 224)

Gigerenzer, G. (2010). Rationality for mortals: How people cope with uncertainty. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. A-1)

Gigerenzer, G., Gaissmaier, W., Kurz-Milcke, E., Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2008). Helping doctors and patients make sense of health statistics. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 8, 53–96. (p. A-1)

Gigerenzer, G., Gaissmaier, W., Kurz-Milcke, E., Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2009, April/May). Knowing your chances. Scientific American Mind, pp. 44–51. (p. A-1)

Gilbert, D. T. (2006). Stumbling on happiness. New York: Knopf. (pp. 99, 209, 270, 330, 390)

Gildersleeve, K., DeBruine, L., Haselton, M. G., Frederick, D. A., Penton-Voak, I. S., Jones, B. C., & Perrett, D. L. (2013). Shifts in women’s mate preferences across the ovulatory cycle: A critique of Harris (2011) and Harris (2012). Sex Roles, 69(9-10), 516–524. (p. 115)

Gilestro, G. F., Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2009). Widespread changes in synaptic markers as a function of sleep and wakefulness in Drosophila. Science, 324, 109–112. (p. 56)

Gill, A. J., Oberlander, J., & Austin, E. (2006). Rating e-mail personality at zero acquaintance. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 497–507. (p. 326)

Gillison, M. L., Broutian, T., Pickard, R. K. L., Tong, Z-Y., Xiao, W., Kahle, L., Graubard, B. I., & Chaturvedi, A. K. (2012). Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009–2010. JAMA, 307(7), 693–703. (p. 118)

Gilovich, T. D. (1996). The spotlight effect: Exaggerated impressions of the self as a social stimulus. Unpublished manuscript, Cornell University. (p. 328)

Gilovich, T. D., & Medvec, V. H. (1995). The experience of regret: What, when, and why. Psychological Review, 102, 379–395. (p. 99)

Gilovich, T. D., & Savitsky, K. (1999). The spotlight effect and the illusion of transparency: Egocentric assessments of how we are seen by others. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 165–168. (p. 328)

Gilovich, T. D., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basket-ball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 295–314. (p. 11)

Giltay, E. J., Geleijnse, J. M., Zitman, F. G., Buijsse, B., & Kromhout, D. (2007). Lifestyle and dietary correlates of dispositional optimism in men: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63, 483–490. (p. 294)

Giltay, E. J., Geleijnse, J. M., Zitman, F. G., Hoekstra, T., & Schouten, E. G. (2004). Dispositional optimism and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a prospective cohort of elderly Dutch men and women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1126–1135. (p. 294)

Gingerich, O. (1999, February 6). Is there a role for natural theology today? The Real Issue (www.origins.org/real/n9501/natural.html). (p. 129)

Gladue, B. A. (1990). Hormones and neuroendocrine factors in atypical human sexual behavior. In J. R. Feierman (Ed.), Pedophilia: Biosocial dimensions. New York: Springer-Verlag. (p. 123)

Glasman, L. R., & Albarracin, D. (2006). Forming attitudes that predict future behavior: A meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 778–822. (p. 339)

Glass, R. I. (2004). Perceived threats and real killers. Science, 304, 927. (p. 225)

Glass, R. M. (2001). Electroconvulsive therapy: Time to bring it out of the shadows. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 1346–1348. (p. 427)

Gleaves, D. H. (1996). The sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder: A reexamination of the evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 42–59. (p. 402)

Gluszek, A., & Dovidio, J. F. (2010). The way they speak: A social psychological perspective on the stigma of nonnative accents in communication. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 214–237. (p. 352)

Godden, D. R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in two natural environments: On land and underwater. British Journal of Psychology, 66, 325–331. (p. 204)

Goff, D. C., & Simms, C. A. (1993). Has multiple personality disorder remained consistent over time? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 595–600. (p. 402)

Gold, M., & Yanof, D. S. (1985). Mothers, daughters, and girlfriends. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 654–659. (p. 90)

Gold, R. S. (2006). Unrealistic optimism about becoming infected with HIV: Different causes in different populations. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 17, 196–199. (p. 294)

Goldberg, J. (2007, accessed May 31). Quivering bundles that let us hear. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org/senses/c120.html). (p. 152)

Golder, S. A., & Macy, M. W. (2011). Diurnal and seasonal mood vary with work, sleep, and day-length across diverse cultures. Science, 333, 1878–1881. (p. 302)

Goldfried, M. R., Raue, P. J., & Castonguay, L. G. (1998). The therapeutic focus in significant sessions of master therapists: A comparison of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 803–810. (p. 422)

Goldman, A. L., Pezawas, L., Mattay, V. S., Fischl, B., Verchinski, B. A., Chen, Q., Weinberger, D. R., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2009). Widespread reductions of cortical thickness in schizophrenia and spectrum disorders and evidence of heritability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 467–477. (p. 398)

Goldstein, A. P., Glick, B., & Gibbs, J. C. (1998). Aggression replacement training: A comprehensive intervention for aggressive youth (rev. ed.). Champaign, IL: Research Press. (p. 356)

Goldstein, I. (2000, August). Male sexual circuitry. Scientific American, pp. 70–75. (p. 36)

Goldstein, I., Lue, T. F., Padma-Nathan, H., Rosen, R. C., Steers, W. D., & Wicker, P. A. (1998). Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 1397–1404. (p. 19)

Goleman, D. (1980, February). 1,528 little geniuses and how they grew. Psychology Today, pp. 28–53. (p. B-3)

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam. (p. 274)

Goleman, D. (2006). Social intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. (p. 238)

Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2012). Goal pursuit. In P. M. Gollwitzer & G. Oettingen (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of human motivation, pp. 208–231. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 181)

Goodale, M. A., & Milner, D. A. (2004). Sight unseen: An exploration of conscious and unconscious vision. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (p. 8)

Goodale, M. A., & Milner, D. A. (2006). One brain—two visual systems. The Psychologist, 19, 660–663. (p. 8)

Goode, E. (1999, April 13). If things taste bad, ‘phantoms’ may be at work. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 155)

Goode, E. (2012, June 19). Senators start a review of solitary confinement. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 265)

Goodhart, D. E. (1986). The effects of positive and negative thinking on performance in an achievement situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 117–124. (p. 294)

Goodman, G. S., Ghetti, S., Quas, J. A., Edelstein, R. S., Alexander, K. W., Redlich, A. D., Cordon, I. M., & Jones, D. P. H. (2003). A prospective study of memory for child sexual abuse: New findings relevant to the repressed-memory controversy. Psychological Science, 14, 113–118. (p. 213)

Goodman, G. S., & Quas, J. A. (2008). Repeated interviews and children’s memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 386–389. (p. 212)

Goodwin, P. Y., Mosher, W. D., & Chandra, A. (2010). Marriage and cohabitation in the United States: A statistical portrait based on Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics, 23(28). (p. 98)

Goranson, R. E. (1978). The hindsight effect in problem solving. Unpublished manuscript, cited by G. Wood (1984), Research methodology: A decision-making perspective. In A. M. Rogers & C. J. Scheirer (Eds.), The G. Stanley Hall Lecture Series (Vol. 4). Washington, DC. (p. 10)

Gorchoff, S. M., John, O. P., & Helson, R. (2008). Contextualizing change in marital satisfaction during middle age. Psychological Science, 19, 1194–1200. (p. 99)

Gordon, A. M., & Chen, S. (2010). When you accept me for me: The relational benefits of intrinsic affirmations from one’s relationship partner. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 1439–1453. (p. 321)

Gore-Felton, C., Koopman, C., Thoresen, C., Arnow, B., Bridges, E., & Spiegel, D. (2000). Psychologists’ beliefs and clinical characteristics: Judging the veracity of childhood sexual abuse memories. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 372–377. (p. 213)

Gorrese, A., & Ruggieri, R. (2012). Peer attachment: A meta-analytic review of gender and age differences and associations with parent attachment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 650–672. (p. 83)

Gosling, S. D. (2008). Snoop: What your stuff says about you. New York: Basic Books. (p. 326)

Gosling, S. D., Kwan, V. S. Y., & John, O. P. (2003). A dog’s got personality: A cross-species comparative approach to personality judgments in dogs and humans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1161–1169. (p. 323)

Gotlib, I. H., & Hammen, C. L. (1992). Psychological aspects of depression: Toward a cognitive-interpersonal integration. New York: Wiley. (p. 396)

Gottesman, I. I. (1991). Schizophrenia genesis: The origins of madness. New York: Freeman. (p. 400)

Gottesman, I. I. (2001). Psychopathology through a life span—genetic prism. American Psychologist, 56, 867–881. (p. 400)

Gottfredson, L. S. (2002a). Where and why g matters: Not a mystery. Human Performance, 15, 25–46. (p. 238)

Gottfredson, L. S. (2002b). g: Highly general and highly practical. In R. J. Sternberg & E. L. Grigorenko (Eds.), The general factor of intelligence: How general is it? Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 238)

Gottfredson, L. S. (2003a). Dissecting practical intelligence theory: Its claims and evidence. Intelligence, 31, 343–397. (p. 238)

Gottfredson, L. S. (2003b). On Sternberg’s “Reply to Gottfredson.” Intelligence, 31, 415–424. (p. 238)

Gow, A. J., Johnson, W., Pattie, A., Brett, C. E., Roberts, B., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2011). Stability and change in intelligence from age 11 to ages 70, 79, and 87: The Lothian birth cohorts of 1921 and 1936. Psychology and Aging, 26, 232–240. (p. 245)

Grady, C. L., McIntosh, A. R., Horwitz, B., Maisog, J. M., Ungeleider, L. G., Mentis, M. J., Pietrini, P., Schapiro, M. B., & Haxby, J. V. (1995). Age-related reductions in human recognition memory due to impaired encoding. Science, 269, 218–221. (p. 207)

Grande, G., Romppel, M., & Barth, J. (2012). Association between type D personality and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 43, 299–310. (p. 290)

Grant, A. M., Gino, F., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: The role of employee proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 528–550. (p. 323)

Gray, P. (2010, July 7). ADHD and school: The problem of assessing normalcy in an abnormal environment. Psychology Today Blog (www.psychologytoday.com). (p. 373)

Gray-Little, B., & Burks, N. (1983). Power and satisfaction in marriage: A review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 93, 513–538. (p. 362)

Green, C. S., Pouget, A., & Bavelier, D. (2010). Improved probabilistic inference as a general learning mechanism with action video games. Current Biology, 20, 1573–1579. (p. 358)

Green, J. D., Sedikides, C., & Gregg, A. P. (2008). Forgotten but not gone: The recall and recognition of self-threatening memories. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 547–561. (p. 318)

Green, J. T., & Woodruff-Pak, D. S. (2000). Eyeblink classical conditioning: Hippocampal formation is for neutral stimulus associations as cerebellum is for association-response. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 138–158. (p. 200)

Green, M. F., & Horan, W. P. (2010). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 243–248. (p. 398)

Greenberg, J. (2008). Understanding the vital human quest for self-esteem. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 48–55. (p. 329)

Greene, J. (2010). Remarks to an Edge conference: The new science of morality. www.edge.org. (p. 88)

Greene, J., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293, 2105. (p. 88)

Greenwald, A. G. (1992). Subliminal semantic activation and subliminal snake oil. Paper presented to the American Psychological Association Convention, Washington, DC. (p. 136)

Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480. (p. 351)

Greenwald, A. G., Oakes, M. A., & Hoffman, H. (2003). Targets of discrimination: Effects of race on responses to weapons holders. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 399. (p. 351)

Greenwald, A. G., Spangenberg, E. R., Pratkanis, A. R., & Eskenazi, J. (1991). Double-blind tests of subliminal self-help audiotapes. Psychological Science, 2, 119–122. (p. 136)

Greers, A. E. (2004). Speech, language, and reading skills after early cochlear implantation. Archives of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, 130, 634–638. (p. 232)

Gregory, A. M., Rijksdijk, F. V., Lau, J. Y., Dahl, R. E., & Eley, T. C. (2009). The direction of longitudinal associations between sleep problems and depression symptoms: A study of twins aged 8 and 10 years. Sleep, 32, 189–199. (p. 430)

Gregory, R. L. (1978). Eye and brain: The psychology of seeing (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. (p. 150)

Gregory, R. L., & Gombrich, E. H. (Eds.). (1973). Illusion in nature and art. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. (p. 139)

Greif, E. B., & Ulman, K. J. (1982). The psychological impact of menarche on early adolescent females: A review of the literature. Child Development, 53, 1413–1430. (pp. 111, 112)

Greist, J. H., Jefferson, J. W., & Marks, I. M. (1986). Anxiety and its treatment: Help is available. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. (p. 377)

Greitemeyer, T., & Osswald, S. (2010). Effects of prosocial video games on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 211–221. (p. 357)

Grèzes, J., & Decety, J. (2001). Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation, and verb generation of actions: A meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 12, 1–19. (p. 233)

Grilo, C. M., & Pogue-Geile, M. F. (1991). The nature of environmental influences on weight and obesity: A behavior genetic analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 520–537. (p. 262)

Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., Gangestad, S. W., Perea, E. F., Shapiro, J. R., & Kenrick, D. T. (2009). Aggress to impress: Hostility as an evolved context-dependent strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 980–994. (p. 126)

Groothuis, T. G. G., & Carere, C. (2005). Avian personalities: Characterization and epigenesis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 137–150. (p. 323)

Gross, A. E., & Crofton, C. (1977). What is good is beautiful. Sociometry, 40, 85–90. (p. 361)

Gruder, C. L. (1977). Choice of comparison persons in evaluating oneself. In J. M. Suls & R. L. Miller (Eds.), Social comparison processes. New York: Hemisphere. (p. 304)

Guéguen, N. (2011). Effects of solicitor sex and attractiveness on receptivity to sexual offers: A field study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 915–919. (p. 127)

Guerin, B. (1986). Mere presence effects in humans: A review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 38–77. (p. 347)

Guerin, B. (2003). Language use as social strategy: A review and an analytic framework for the social sciences. Review of General Psychology, 7, 251–298. (p. 229)

Guiso, L., Monte, F., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2008). Culture, gender, and math. Science, 320, 1164–1165. (p. 247)

Gunstad, J., Strain, G., Devlin, M. J., Wing, R., Cohen, R. A., Paul, R. H., Crosby, R. D., & Mitchell, J. E. (2011). Improved memory function 12 weeks after bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 7, 465–472. (p. 262)

Guo, X., & 19 others. (2010). Effect of antipsychotic medication alone vs combined with psychosocial intervention on outcomes of early-stage schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 895–904. (p. 425)

Gustavson, C. R., Garcia, J., Hankins, W. G., & Rusiniak, K. W. (1974). Coyote predation control by aversive conditioning. Science, 184, 581–583. (p. 182)

Gustavson, C. R., Kelly, D. J., & Sweeney, M. (1976). Prey lithium aversions I: Coyotes and wolves. Behavioral Biology, 17, 61–72. (p. 182)

Guttmacher Institute. (1994). Sex and America’s teenagers. New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute. (pp. 92, 117)

Guttmacher Institute. (2000). Fulfilling the promise: Public policy and U.S. family planning clinics. New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute. (p. 92)

Guttmacher Institute. (2012). Facts on American teens’ sexual and reproductive health. Retrieved from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-ATSRH.html. (p. 119)

H., Sally. (1979, August). Videotape recording number T–3, Fortunoff Video Archive of Holocaust Testimonies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Library. (p. 318)

Haase, C. M., Tomasik, M. J. H., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2008). Premature behavioral autonomy: Correlates in late adolescence and young adulthood. European Psychologist, 13, 255–266. (p. 84)

Habel, U., Koch, K., Kellerman, T., Reske, M., Frommann, N., Wolwer, W., Zilles, K., Shah, N. J., & Schneider, F. (2010). Training of affect recognition in schizophrenia: Neurobiological correlates. Social Neuroscience, 5, 92–104. (p. 430)

Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2010). Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 495–525. (p. 293)

Haidt, J. (2002). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 88)

Haidt, J. (2006). The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. New York: Basic Books. (p. 88)

Haidt, J. (2010). Moral psychology must not be based on faith and hope: Commentary on Narvaez. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 182–184. (p. 88)

Hakuta, K., Bialystok, E., & Wiley, E. (2003). Critical evidence: A test of the critical-period hypothesis for second-language acquisition. Psychological Science, 14, 31–38. (p. 232)

Halberstadt, J., Sherman, S. J., & Sherman, J. W. (2011). Why Barack Obama is black. Psychological Science, 22, 29–33. (p. 353)

Halberstadt, J. B., Niedenthal, P. M., & Kushner, J. (1995). Resolution of lexical ambiguity by emotional state. Psychological Science, 6, 278–281. (p. 139)

Haldeman, D. C. (1994). The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 221–227. (p. 121)

Haldeman, D. C. (2002). Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 260–264. (p. 121)

Hall, C. S., Dornhoff, W., Blick, K. A., & Weesner, K. E. (1982). The dreams of college men and women in 1950 and 1980: A comparison of dream contents and sex differences. Sleep, 5, 188–194. (p. 60)

Hall, C. S., & Lindzey, G. (1978). Theories of personality (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. (p. 317)

Hall, D. T., & Chandler, D. E. (2005). Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 155–176. (p. 319)

Hall, G. (1997). Context aversion, Pavlovian conditioning, and the psychological side effects of chemotherapy. European Psychologist, 2, 118–124. (p. 173)

Hall, J. A. (1984). Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (p. 275)

Hall, J. A. (1987). On explaining gender differences: The case of nonverbal communication. In P. Shaver & C. Hendrick (Eds.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 177–200. (p. 275)

Hall, W. (2006). The mental health risks of adolescent cannabis use. PloS Medicine, 3(2), e39. (pp. 387, 388)

Halpern, D. F. (2000). Sex-related ability differences: Changing perspectives, changing minds. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 247)

Halpern, D. F., Benbow, C. P., Geary, D. C., Gur, R. C., Hyde, J. S., & Gernsbacher, M. A. (2007). The science of sex differences in science and mathematics. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 8, 1–51. (pp. 246, 247)

Halsey, A., III. (2010, January 26). U.S. bans truckers, bus drivers from texting while driving. Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com). (p. 51)

Hamani, C., Mayberg, H., Snyder, B., Giacobbe, P., Kennedy, S., & Lozano, A. M. (2009). Deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulated gyrus for depression: Anatomical location of active contacts in clinical responders and a suggested guideline for targeting. Journal of Neurosurgery, 111, 1209–1215. (p. 428)

Hammer, E. (2003). How lucky you are to be a psychology major. Eye on Psi Chi, 4–5. (p. C-5)

Hammersmith, S. K. (1982, August). Sexual preference: An empirical study from the Alfred C. Kinsey Institute for Sex Research. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. (p. 122)

Hammond, D. C. (2008). Hypnosis as sole anesthesia for major surgeries: Historical and contemporary perspectives. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 51, 101–121. (p. 156)

Hampson, R. (2000, April 10). In the end, people just need more room. USA Today, p. 19A. (p. 263)

Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (2001). Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 773–796. (p. 395)

Hansen, C. H., & Hansen, R. D. (1988). Finding the face-in-the-crowd: An anger superiority effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 917–924. (p. 275)

Harbaugh, W. T., Mayr, U., & Burghart, D. R. (2007). Neural responses to taxation and voluntary giving reveal motives for charitable donations. Science, 316, 1622–1625. (p. 364)

Hardt, O., Einarsson, E. O., & Nader, K. (2010). A bridge over troubled water: Reconsolidation as a link between cognitive and neuroscientific memory research traditions. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 141–167. (p. 209)

Hare, R. D. (1975). Psychophysiological studies of psychopathy. In D. C. Fowles (Ed.), Clinical applications of psychophysiology. New York: Columbia University Press. (p. 403)

Harenski, C. L., Harenski, K. A., Shane, M. W., & Kiehl, K. A. (2010). Aberrant neural processing of moral violations in criminal psychopaths. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 863–874. (p. 404)

Harkins, S. G., & Szymanski, K. (1989). Social loafing and group evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 934–941. (p. 347)

Harlow, H. F., Harlow, M. K., & Suomi, S. J. (1971). From thought to therapy: Lessons from a primate laboratory. American Scientist, 59, 538–549. (p. 81)

Harmon-Jones, E., Abramson, L. Y., Sigelman, J., Bohlig, A., Hogan, M. E., & Harmon-Jones, C. (2002). Proneness to hypomania/mania symptoms or depression symptoms and asymmetrical frontal cortical responses to an anger-evoking event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 610–618. (p. 273)

Harms, P. D., Roberts, B. W., & Winter, D. (2006). Becoming the Harvard man: Person-environment fit, personality development, and academic success. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 851–865. (p. 327)

Harper, C., & McLanahan, S. (2004). Father absence and youth incarceration. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 369–397. (p. 356)

Harris Interactive. (2010). 2009 eHarmony® marriage metrics study: Methodological notes. www.eharmony.com/harrisinteractivepoll. (p. 359)

Harris, B. (1979). Whatever happened to Little Albert? American Psychologist, 34, 151–160. (p. 173)

Harris, J. R. (1998). The nurture assumption. New York: Free Press. (pp. 82, 90)

Harris, J. R. (2000). Beyond the nurture assumption: Testing hypotheses about the child’s environment. In J. G. Borkowski & S. L. Ramey (Eds.), Parenting and the child’s world: Influences on academic, intellectual, and social-emotional development. Washington, DC: APA Books. (p. 90)

Harris, J. R. (2007, August 8). Do pals matter more than parents? The Times (www.timesonline.co.uk). (p. 90)

Harris, R. J. (1994). The impact of sexually explicit media. In J. Brant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 357)

Harriston, K. A. (1993, December 24). 1 shakes, 1 snoozes: Both win $45 million. Washington Post release (in Tacoma News Tribune, pp. A1, A2). (p. 328)

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., Asplund, J. W., Killham, E. A., & Agrawal, S. (2010). Causal impact of employee work perceptions on the bottom line of organizations. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 378–389. (p. B-5)

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268–279. (p. 5)

Hartmann, E. (1981, April). The strangest sleep disorder. Psychology Today, pp. 14, 16, 18. (p. 59)

Hartwig, M., & Bond, C. F., Jr. (2011). Why do lie-catchers fail? A lens model meta-analysis of human lie judgments. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 643–659. (p. 275)

Harvey, A. G., & Tang, N. K. Y. (2012). (Mis)perception of sleep in insomnia: A puzzle and a resolution. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 77–101. (p. 58)

Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. (2007). Beyond the banality of evil: Three dynamics of an interactionist social psychology of tyranny. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 615–622. (p. 340)

Hassan, B., & Rahman, Q. (2007). Selective sexual orientation-related differences in object location memory. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 625–633. (p. 124)

Hatfield, E. (1988). Passionate and companionate love. In R. J. Sternberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology of love. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (pp. 361, 362)

Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (1986). Mirror, mirror … The importance of looks in everyday life. Albany: State University of New York Press. (p. 360)

Havas, D. A., Glenberg, A. M., Gutowski, K. A., Lucarelli, M. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2010). Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin-A affects processing of emotional language. Psychological Science, 21, 895–900. (p. 278)

Haworth, C. M. A., & 17 others. (2009). A twin study of the genetics of high cognitive ability selected from 11,000 twin pairs in sex studies from four countries. Behavior Genetics, 39, 359–370. (p. 241)

Haxby, J. V. (2001, July 7). Quoted by B. Bower, Faces of perception. Science News, pp. 10–12. See also J. V. Haxby, M. I. Gobbini, M. L. Furey, A. Ishai, J. L. Schouten & P. Pietrini, Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex. Science, 293, 2425–2430. (p. 142)

Headey, B., Muffels, R., & Wagner, G. G. (2010). Long-running German panel survey shows that personal and economic choices, not just genes, matter for happiness. PNAS,107, 17922–17926. (p. 305)

Heatherton, T. F., & Sargent, J. D. (2009). Does watching smoking in movies promote teenage smoking? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 63–67. (p. 389)

Heckert, J. (2012, November 15). The hazards of growing up painlessly. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 154)

Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley. (p. 338)

Heiman, J. R. (1975, April). The physiology of erotica: Women’s sexual arousal. Psychology Today, pp. 90–94. (p. 118)

Heine, S. J., & Buchtel, E. E. (2009). Personality: The universal and the culturally specific. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 369–394. (p. 333)

Heine, S. J., & Hamamura, T. (2007). In search of East Asian self-enhancement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 4–27. (p. 330)

Heine, S. J., Proulx, T., & Vohs, K. D. (2006). Meaning maintenance model: On the coherence of human motivations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 88–110. (p. 296)

Helfand, D. (2011, January 7). An assault on rationality. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 162)

Helmreich, W. B. (1992). Against all odds: Holocaust survivors and the successful lives they made in America. New York: Simon & Schuster. (p. 318)

Helmreich, W. B. (1994). Personal correspondence. Department of Sociology, City University of New York. (p. 318)

Helms, J. E., Jernigan, M., & Mascher, J. (2005). The meaning of race in psychology and how to change it: A methodological perspective. American Psychologist, 60, 27–36. (p. 248)

Helmuth, L. (2001). Boosting brain activity from the outside in. Science, 292, 1284–1286. (p. 429)

Hembree, R. (1988). Correlates, causes, effects, and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research, 58, 47–77. (p. 257)

Henderlong, J., & Lepper, M. R. (2002). The effects of praise on children’s intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 774–795. (p. 184)

Henig, R. M. (2010, August 18). What is it about 20-somethings? New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 92)

Henkel, L. A., Franklin, N., & Johnson, M. K. (2000, March). Cross-modal source monitoring confusions between perceived and imagined events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 26, 321–335. (p. 211)

Hennenlotter, A., Dresel, C., Castrop, F., Ceballos Baumann, A., Wohschlager, A., & Haslinger, B. (2008). The link between facial feedback and neural activity within central circuitries of emotion: New insights from botulinum toxin-induced denervation of frown muscles. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 537–542. (p. 278)

Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 569–598. (pp. 226, B-8)

Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010). Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14–94. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(suppl. 5), 255–265. (p. 121)

Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1980). Restrained eating. In A. J. Stunkard (Ed.), Obesity. Philadelphia: Saunders. (p. 264)

Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (2008). External cues in the control of food intake in humans: the sensory-normative distinction. Physiology and Behavior, 94, 722–728. (p. 261)

Herman, C. P., Roth, D. A., & Polivy, J. (2003). Effects of the presence of others on food intake: A normative interpretation. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 873–886. (p. 261)

Herman-Giddens, M. E., Wang, L., & Koch, G. (2001). Secondary sexual characteristics in boys: Estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 155, 1022–1028. (p. 111)

Hernandez, A. E., & Li, P. (2007). Age of acquisition: Its neural and computational mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 638–650. (p. 232)

Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernández-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360–1365. (p. 186)

Herrnstein, R. J., & Loveland, D. H. (1964). Complex visual concept in the pigeon. Science, 146, 549–551. (p. 175)

Hertenstein, M. J., Hansel, C., Butts, S., Hile, S. (2009). Smile intensity in photographs predicts divorce later in life. Motivation & Emotion, 33, 99–105. (p. 101)

Hertenstein, M. J., Keltner, D., App, B. Bulleit, B., & Jaskolka, A. (2006). Touch communicates distinct emotions. Emotion, 6, 528–533. (p. 82)

Hertzog, C., Kramer, A. F., Wilson, R. S., & Lindenberger, U. (2008). Enrichment effects on adult cognitive development: Can the functional capacity of older adults be preserved and enhanced? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9(1), 1–65. (p. 97)

Herz, R. (2007). The scent of desire: Discovering our enigmatic sense of smell. New York: Morrow/HarperCollins. (p. 158)

Hess, E. H. (1956, July). Space perception in the chick. Scientific American, pp. 71–80. (p. 150)

Hess, U., & Thibault, P. (2009). Darwin and emotion expression. American Psychologist, 64, 120–128. (p. 277)

Hetherington, M. M., Anderson, A. S., Norton, G. N. M., & Newson, L. (2006). Situational effects on meal intake: A comparison of eating alone and eating with others. Physiology and Behavior, 88, 498–505. (p. 261)

Hettema, J. M., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2001). A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1568–1578. (p. 380)

Hickok, G., Bellugi, U., & Klima, E. S. (2001, June). Sign language in the brain. Scientific American, pp. 58–65. (p. 50)

Hilgard, E. R. (1986). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action. New York: Wiley. (p. 157)

Hilgard, E. R. (1992). Dissociation and theories of hypnosis. In E. Fromm & M. R. Nash (Eds.), Contemporary hypnosis research. New York: Guilford. (p. 157)

Hill, C. E., & Nakayama, E. Y. (2000). Client-centered therapy: Where has it been and where is it going? A comment on Hathaway. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 961–875. (p. 413)

Hills, P. J., Werno, M. A., & Lewis, M. B. (2011). Sad people are more accurate at face recognition than happy people. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 1502–1517. (p. 390)

Hines, M. (2004). Brain gender. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 111)

Hingson, R. W., Heeren, T., & Winter M. R. (2006). Age at drinking onset and alcohol dependence. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160, 739–746. (pp. 383, 390)

Hingson, R. W., Heeren, T., Zakocs, R. C., Kopstein, A., & Wechsler, H. (2002). Magnitude of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18–24. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63, 136–144. (p. 382)

Hintzman, D. L. (1978). The psychology of learning and memory. San Francisco: Freeman. (p. 197)

Hinz, L. D., & Williamson, D. A. (1987). Bulimia and depression: A review of the affective variant hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 150–158. (p. 401)

Hirsh, J. B., Galinsky, A. D., & Zhong, C-B. (2011). Drunk, powerful, and in the dark: How general processes of disinhibition produce both prosocial and antisocial behavior. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 415–427. (p. 382)

Hirst, W., & 15 others (2009). Long-term memory for the terrorist attack of September 11: flashbulb memories, event memories, and the factors that influence their retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 138, 161–176. (p. 201)

HMHL. (2007, February). Electroconvulsive therapy. Harvard Mental Health Letter, Harvard Medical School, pp. 1–4. (p. 427)

Hobson, J. A. (2003). Dreaming: An introduction to the science of sleep. New York: Oxford. (p. 61)

Hobson, J. A. (2004). 13 dreams Freud never had: The new mind science. New York: Pi Press. (p. 61)

Hobson, J. A. (2009). REM sleep and dreaming: Towards a theory of proto-consciousness. Nature Reviews, 10, 803–814. (p. 61)

Hochberg, L. R., Bacher, D., Jarosiewicz, B., Masse, N. Y., Simeral, J. D., Vogel, J., Haddadin, S., Liu, J., Cash, S. S., van der Smagt, P., & Donoghue, J. P. (2012). Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neutrally controlled robotic arm. Nature, 485, 375–375. (p. 44)

Hoebel, B. G., & Teitelbaum, P. (1966). Effects of forcefeeding and starvation on food intake and body weight in a rat with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 61, 189–193. (p. 259)

Hoffman, B. M., Babyak, M. A., Craighead, W. E., Sherwood, A., Doraiswamy, P. M., Coons, M. J., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2011). Exercise and pharmacotherapy in patients with major depression: One-year follow-up of the SMILE study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 127–133. (p. 297)

Hoffman, C., & Hurst, N. (1990). Gender stereotypes: Perception or rationalization? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 197–208. (p. 352)

Hoffman, D. D. (1998). Visual intelligence: How we create what we see. New York: Norton. (p. 143)

Hoffman, H. G. (2004, August). Virtual-reality therapy. Scientific American, pp. 58–65. (pp. 155, 415)

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169–183. (p. 299)

Hoge, C. W., & Castro, C. A. (2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder in UK and U.S. forces deployed to Iraq. The Lancet, 368, 837. (p. 378)

Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 13–22. (p. 378)

Hoge, C. W., Terhakopian, A., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., & Engel, C. C. (2007). Association of posttraumatic stress disorder with somatic symptoms, health care visits, and absenteeism among Iraq War veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 150–153. (p. 378)

Hogg, M. A. (1996). Intragroup processes, group structure and social identity. In W. P. Robinson (Ed.), Social groups and identities: Developing the legacy of Henri Tajfel. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. (p. 352)

Hohmann, G. W. (1966). Some effects of spinal cord lesions on experienced emotional feelings. Psychophysiology, 3, 143–156. (p. 270)

Holahan, C. K., & Sears, R. R. (1995). The gifted group in later maturity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (p. 242)

Holden, C. (2008). Poles apart. Science, 321, 193–195. (p. 69)

Hollis, K. L. (1997). Contemporary research on Pavlovian conditioning: A “new” functional analysis. American Psychologist, 52, 956–965. (p. 171)

Hollon, S. D., Thase, M. E., & Markowitz, J. C. (2002). Treatment and prevention of depression. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 3, 39–77. (p. 426)

Holstege, G., Georgiadis, J. R., Paans, A. M. J., Meiners, L. C., van der Graaf, F. H. C. E., & Reinders, A. A. T. S. (2003a). Brain activation during male ejaculation. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 9185–9193. (p. 116)

Holstege, G., Reinders, A. A. T., Paans, A. M. J., Meiners, L. C., Pruim, J., & Georgiadis, J. R. (2003b). Brain activation during female sexual orgasm. Program No. 727.7. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience. (p. 116)

Holtgraves, T. (2011). Text messaging, personality, and the social context. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 92–99. (p. 326)

Hooper, J., & Teresi, D. (1986). The three-pound universe. New York: Macmillan. (p. 42)

Hopkins, E. D., & Cantalupo, C. (2008). Theoretical speculations on the evolutionary origins of hemispheric specialization. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 233–237. (p. 50)

Hopwood, C. J., Donnellan, M. B., Blonigen, D. M., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G., & Burt, S. A. (2011). Genetic and environmental influences on personality trait stability and growth during the transition to adulthood: A three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 545–556. (p. 102)

Hor, H., & Tafti, M. (2009). How much sleep do we need? Science, 325, 825–826. (p. 55)

Horn, J. L. (1982). The aging of human abilities. In J. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of developmental psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 246)

Horner, V., Whiten, A., Flynn, E., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2006). Faithful replication of foraging techniques along cultural transmission chains by chimpanzees and children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 13878–13883. (p. 229)

Horrey, W. J., & Wickens, C. D. (2006). Examining the impact of cell phone conversations on driving using meta-analytic techniques. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 48, 196–205. (p. 51)

Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (1998). Breastfeeding and later cognitive and academic outcomes. Pediatrics, 101(1). (p. 16)

Hou, W-H., Chiang, P-T, Hsu, T-Y, Chiu, S-Y, & Yen, Y-C. (2010). Treatment effects of massage therapy in depressed people: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71, 894–901. (p. 299)

House, R. J., & Singh, J. V. (1987). Organizational behavior: Some new directions for I/O psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 669–718. (p. B-6)

Houser-Marko, L., & Sheldon, K. M. (2008). Eyes on the prize or nose to the grindstone? The effects of level of goal evaluation on mood and motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1556–1569. (p. B-6)

Houts, A. C., Berman, J. S., & Abramson, H. (1994). Effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for nocturnal enuresis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 737–745. (p. 414)

Houts, R. M., Caspi, A., Pianta, R. C., Arseneault, L., & Moffitt, T. E. (2010). The challenging pupil in the classroom: The effect of the child on the teacher. Psychological Science, 21, 1802–1810. (p. 101)

Hovatta, I., Tennant, R. S., Helton, R., Marr, R. A., Singer, O., Redwine, J. M., Ellison, J. A., Schadt, E. E., Verma, I. M., Lockhart, D. J., & Barlow, C. (2005). Glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase 1 regulate anxiety in mice. Nature, 438, 662–666. (p. 380)

Howell, A. J. (2009). Flourishing: Achievement-related correlates of students’ well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 1–13. (p. 250)

Hsee, C. K., Yang, A. X., & Wang, L. (2010). Idleness aversion and the need for justifiable busyness. Psychological Science, 21, 926–930. (p. B-2)

Hu, X-Z., Lipsky, R. H., Zhu, G., Akhtar, L. A., Taubman, J., Greenberg, B. D., Xu, K., Arnold, P. D., Richter, M. A., Kennedy, J. L., Murphy, D. L., & Goldman, D. (2006). Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Human Genetics, 78, 815–826. (p. 380)

Huang, C. (2010). Mean-level change in self-esteem from childhood through adulthood: Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Review of General Psychology, 14, 251–260. (p. 99)

Huang, M-E., Wu, Z-Q., & Tang, G-Qi (2010). How does personality relate to mental health in service industry setting? The mediating effects of emotional labor strategies. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 42, 1175–1189. (p. 284)

Huang, X., Iun, J., Liu, A., & Gong, Y. (2010). Does participative leadership enhance work performance by inducing empowerment or trust? The differential effects on managerial and non-managerial subordinates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 122–143. (p. B-8)

Hubbard, E. M., Arman, A. C., Ramachandran, V. S., & Boynton, G. M. (2005). Individual differences among grapheme-color synesthetes: Brain-behavior correlations. Neuron, 45, 975–985. (p. 161)

Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1979, September). Brian mechanisms of vision. Scientific American, pp. 150–162. (p. 142)

Hublin, C., Kaprio, J., Partinen, M., Heikkila, K., & Koskenvuo, M. (1997). Prevalence and genetics of sleepwalking: A population-based twin study. Neurology, 48, 177–181. (p. 59)

Hublin, C., Kaprio, J., Partinen, M., & Koskenvuo, M. (1998). Sleeptalking in twins: Epidemiology and psychiatric comorbidity. Behavior Genetics, 28, 289–298. (p. 59)

Hucker, S. J., & Bain, J. (1990). Androgenic hormones and sexual assault. In W. Marshall, R. Law, & H. Barbaree (Eds.), The handbook on sexual assault. New York: Plenum. (p. 116)

Hudson, J. I., Hiripi, E., Pope, H. G., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 348–358. (p. 401)

Huey, E. D., Krueger, F., & Grafman, J. (2006). Representations in the human prefrontal cortex. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 167–171. (p. 46)

Hughes, H. C. (1999). Sensory exotica: A world beyond human experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (p. 135)

Hughes, J. R., Peters, E. N., & Naud, S. (2008). Relapse to smoking after 1 year of abstinence: A meta-analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 1516–1520. (p. 385)

Hugick, L. (1989, July). Women play the leading role in keeping modern families close. Gallup Report, No. 286, p. 27–34. (p. 110)

Hull, J. M. (1990). Touching the rock: An experience of blindness. New York: Vintage Books. (pp. 204, 360)

Hummer, R. A., Rogers, R. G., Nam, C. B., & Ellison, C. G. (1999). Religious involvement and U.S. adult mortality. Demography, 36, 273–285. (p. 299)

Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332–1356. (p. 292)

Hunsley, J., & Bailey, J. M. (1999). The clinical utility of the Rorschach: Unfulfilled promises and an uncertain future. Psychological Assessment, 11, 266–277. (p. 317)

Hunsley, J., & Di Giulio, G. (2002). Dodo bird, phoenix, or urban legend? The question of psychotherapy equivalence. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1, 11–22. (p. 422)

Hunt, C., Slade, T., & Andrews, G. (2004). Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder comorbidity in the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Depression and Anxiety, 20, 23–31. (p. 377)

Hunt, E., & Carlson, J. (2007). Considerations relating to the study of group differences in intelligence. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 194–213. (p. 249)

Hunt, J. M. (1982). Toward equalizing the developmental opportunities of infants and preschool children. Journal of Social Issues, 38(4), 163–191. (p. 244)

Hunt, M. (1990). The compassionate beast: What science is discovering about the humane side of humankind. New York: William Morrow. (p. 5)

Hunt, M. (1993). The story of psychology. New York: Doubleday. (pp. 2, 173, 242)

Hutchinson, R. (2006). Calum’s road. Edinburgh: Burlinn Limited. (p. B-4)

Hvistendahl, M. (2011). China’s population growing slowly, changing fast. Science, 332, 650–651. (p. 351)

Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581–592. (p. 108)

Hyde, J. S., & Mertz, J. E. (2009). Gender, culture, and mathematics performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 8801–8807. (p. 246)

Hyde, J. S., Mezulis, A. H., & Abramson, L. Y. (2008). The ABCs of depression: Integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression. Psychological Review, 115, 291–313. (p. 393)

Hyman, I. E., Jr., Boss, S. M., Wise, B. M., McKenzie, K. E., & Caggiano, J. M. (2010). Did you see the unicycling clown? Inattentional blindness while walking and talking on a cell phone. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(5), 597–607. (p. 51)

Iacoboni, M. (2009). Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 653–670. (p. 186)

Ickes, W., Snyder, M., & Garcia, S. (1997). Personality influences on the choice of situations. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.). Handbook of Personality Psychology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. (p. 327)

Idson, L. C., & Mischel, W. (2001). The personality of familiar and significant people: The lay perceiver as a social-cognitive theorist. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 585–596. (p. 338)

Iemmola, F., & Camperio Ciani, A. (2009). New evidence of genetic factors influencing sexual orientation in men: Female fecundity increase in the maternal line. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 393–399. (p. 127)

Igarashi, T., Takai, J., & Yoshida, T. (2005). Gender differences in social network development via mobile phone text messages: A longitudinal study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 691–713. (p. 109)

IJzerman, H., & Semin, G. R. (2009). The thermometer of social relations: Mapping social proximity on temperature. Psychological Science, 20, 1214–1220. (p. 161)

Ikonomidou, C. C., Bittigau, P., Ishimaru, M. J., Wozniak, D. F., Koch, C., Genz, K., Price, M. T., Stefovska, V., Hoerster, F., Tenkova, T., Dikranian, K., & Olney, J. W. (2000). Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome. Science, 287, 1056–1060. (p. 71)

Ilardi, S. S. (2009). The depression cure: The six-step program to beat depression without drugs. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Lifelong Books. (pp. 395, 430)

Inbar, Y., Cone, J., & Gilovich, T. (2010). People’s intuitions about intuitive insight and intuitive choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 232–247. (p. 226)

Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D., & Bloom, P. (2011). Disgusting smells cause decreased liking of gay men. Unpublished manuscript, Tilburg University. (p. 159)

Ingham, A. G., Levinger, G., Graves, J., & Peckham, V. (1974). The Ringelmann effect: Studies of group size and group performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 371–384. (p. 347)

Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (pp. 99, 265)

Inglehart, R., Foa, R., Peterson, C., & Welzel, C. (2008). Development, freedom, and rising happiness: A global perspective (1981–2007). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 264–285. (p. 292)

Insana, R. (2005, February 21). Coach says honey gets better results than vinegar (interview with Larry Brown). USA Today, p. 4B. (p. B-6)

Insel, T. R. (2010, April). Faulty circuits. Scientific American, pp. 44–51. (p. 381)

International Schizophrenia Consortium. (2009). Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature, 460, 748–752. (p. 400)

Inzlicht, M., & Ben-Zeev, T. (2000). A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problem-solving deficits in the presence of males. Psychological Science, 11, 365–371. (p. 250)

Inzlicht, M., & Gutsell, J. N. (2007). Running on empty: Neural signals for self-control failure. Psychological Science, 18, 933–937. (p. 293)

Inzlicht, M., & Kang, S. K. (2010). Stereotype threat spillover: How coping with threats to social identity affects aggression, eating, decision making, and attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 467–481. (p. 249)

IPSOS. (2010a, June 29). Online Canadians report a large 35% decline in the amount of email received. www.ipsos-na.com. (p. 266)

IPSOS. (2010b, April 8). One in five (20%) global citizens believe that alien beings have come down to earth and walk amongst us in our communities disguised as humans. www.ipsos-na.com. (p. 15)

IPU. (2011). Women in national parliaments: Situation as of 31 November 2011. International Parliamentary Union (www.ipu.org). (p. 109)

Ireland, M. E., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). Language style matching in writing: Synchrony in essays, correspondence, and poetry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 549–571. (p. 186)

Ironson, G., Solomon, G. F., Balbin, E. G., O’Cleirigh, C., George, A., Kumar, M., Larson, D., & Woods, T. E. (2002). The Ironson-Woods spiritual/religiousness index is associated with long survival, health behaviors, less distress, and low cortisol in people with HIV/AIDS. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 34–48. (p. 300)

Irwin, M., Mascovich, A., Gillin, J. C., Willoughby, R., Pike, J., & Smith, T. L. (1994). Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 493–498. (p. 57)

Islam, S. S., & Johnson, C. (2003). Correlates of smoking behavior among Muslim Arab-American adolescents. Ethnicity & Health, 8, 319–337. (p. 300)

ITU. (2010). The world in 2009: ICT facts and figures. International Telecommunication Union (www.itu.int/ict). (p. 266)

Ives-Deliperi, V. L., Solms, M., & Meintjes, E. M. (2011). The neural substrates of mindfulness: An fMRI investigation. Social Neuroscience, 6, 231–242. (p. 299)

Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 995–1006. (p. 292)

Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press. (pp. 272, 276)

Izard, C. E. (1994). Innate and universal facial expressions: Evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 288–299. (p. 276)

Jablensky, A. (1999). Schizophrenia: Epidemiology. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 12, 19–28. (p. 399)

Jackson, G. (2009). Sexual response in cardiovascular disease. Journal of Sex Research, 46, 233–236. (p. 116)

Jackson, J. M., & Williams, K. D. (1988). Social loafing: A review and theoretical analysis. Unpublished manuscript, Fordham University. (p. 347)

Jackson, S. W. (1992). The listening healer in the history of psychological healing. American Journal Psychiatry, 149, 1623–1632. (p. 423)

Jacobs, B. L. (1994). Serotonin, motor activity, and depression-related disorders. American Scientist, 82, 456–463. (p. 395)

Jacobs, B. L. (2004). Depression: The brain finally gets into the act. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 103–106. (p. 426)

Jacques, C., & Rossion, B. (2006). The speed of individual face categorization. Psychological Science, 17, 485–492. (p. 134)

Jaffe, E. (2004, October). Peace in the Middle East may be impossible: Lee D. Ross on naive realism and conflict resolution. APS Observer, pp. 9–11. (p. 139)

James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology (Vol. 2). New York: Holt. (pp. 214, 269, 277)

Jameson, D. (1985). Opponent-colors theory in light of physiological findings. In D. Ottoson & S. Zeki (Eds.), Central and peripheral mechanisms of color vision. New York: Macmillan. (p. 149)

Jamison, K. R. (1993). Touched with fire: Manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament. New York: Free Press. (p. 392)

Jamison, K. R. (1995). An unquiet mind. New York: Knopf. (pp. 392, 409, 427)

Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., Ando, J., Yamagata, S., Suzuki, A., Angleitner, A., Ostendorf, F., Riemann, R., & Spinath, F. (2006). Behavioral genetics of the higher-order factors of the Big Five. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 261–272. (p. 324)

Janis, I. L. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. (p. 349)

Janis, I. L. (1986). Problems of international crisis management in the nuclear age. Journal of Social Issues, 42(2), 201–220. (p. 221)

Jaremka, L. M., Gabriel, S., & Carvallo, M. (2011). What makes us feel the best also makes us feel the worst: The emotional impact of independent and interdependent experiences. Self and Identity, 10, 44–63. (p. 265)

Jarrett, B., Bloch, G. J., Bennett, D., Bleazard, B., & Hedges, D. (2010). The influence of body mass index, age and gender on current illness: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Obesity, 34, 429–436. (p. 262)

Jaynes, J. (1976) The origin of consciousness in the breakdown of the bicameral mind. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. (p. 50)

Jedrychowski, W., Perera, F., Jankowski, J., Butscher, M., Mroz, E., Flak, E., Kaim, I., Lisowska-Miszczyk, I., Skarupa, A., & Sowa, A. (2012). Effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the development of children’s cognitive function in the Krakow prospective birth cohort study. European Journal of Pediatrics, 171, 151–158. (p. 17)

Jenkins, J. G., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1924). Obliviscence during sleep and waking. American Journal of Psychology, 35, 605–612. (p. 208)

Jenkins, J. M., & Astington, J. W. (1996). Cognitive factors and family structure associated with theory of mind development in young children. Developmental Psychology, 32, 70–78. (p. 78)

Jensen, J. P., & Bergin, A. E. (1988). Mental health values of professional therapists: A national interdisciplinary survey. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 290–297. (p. 423)

Jensen, M. P. (2008). The neurophysiology of pain perception and hypnotic analgesia: Implications for clinical practice. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 51, 123–147. (p. 156)

Jepson, C., Krantz, D. H., & Nisbett, R. E. (1983). Inductive reasoning: Competence or skill. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 494–501. (p. A-8)

Ji, D., & Wilson, M. A. (2007). Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 100–107. (p. 200)

Job, D. E., Whalley, H. C., McIntosh, A. M., Owens, D. G. C., Johnstone, E. C., & Lawrie, S. M. (2006). Grey matter changes can improve the prediction of schizophrenia in subjects at high risk. BMC Medicine, 4, 29. (p. 398)

Job, V., Dweck, C.S., & Walton, G.M. (2010). Ego depletion—Is it all in your head? Implicit theories about willpower affect self-regulation. Psychological Science, 21(11), 1686–1693. (p. 293)

John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research. New York: Guilford. (p. 324)

John Paul II. (1995). Address of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to the Fiftieth General Assembly of the United Nations Organization. Available from http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1995/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_05101995_address-to-uno_en.html. (p. 350)

Johnson, D. L., Wiebe, J. S., Gold, S. M., Andreasen, N. C., Hichwa, R. D., Watkins, G. L., & Ponto, L. L. B. (1999). Cerebral blood flow and personality: A positron emission tomography study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 252–257. (p. 323)

Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. (2003). Do defaults save lives? Science, 302, 1338–1339. (p. 224)

Johnson, J. A. (2007, June 26). Not so situational. Commentary on the SPSP listserv (spsp-discuss@stolaf.edu). (p. 346)

Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kotler, L., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2002). Psychiatric disorders associated with risk for the development of eating disorders during adolescence and early adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1119–1128. (p. 401)

Johnson, J. S., & Newport, E. L. (1991). Critical period effects on universal properties of language: The status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language. Cognition, 39, 215–258. (p. 232)

Johnson, M. H., & Morton, J. (1991). Biology and cognitive development: The case of face recognition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. (p. 73)

Johnson, M. P. (2008). A typology of domestic violence: Intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. Boston: Northeastern University Press. (p. 108)

Johnson, R. E., Chang, C-H., & Lord, R. G. (2006). Moving from cognition to behavior: What the research says. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 381–415. (p. B-6)

Johnson, W. (2010). Understanding the genetics of intelligence: Can height help? Can corn oil? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 177–182. (p. 241)

Johnson, W., Carothers, A., & Deary, I. J. (2008). Sex differences in variability in general intelligence: A new look at the old question. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 518–531. (pp. 8, 238, 247)

Johnson, W., Carothers, A., & Deary, I. J. (2009). A role for the X chromosome in sex differences in variability in general intelligence? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 598–611. (p. 72)

Johnson, W., Gow, A. J., Corley, J., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2010). Location in cognitive and residential space at age 70 reflects a lifelong trait over parental and environmental circumstances: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Intelligence, 38, 403–411. (p. 245)

Johnson, W., Turkheimer, E., Gottesman, I. I., & Bouchard, Jr., T. J. (2009). Beyond heritability: Twin studies in behavioral research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 217–220. (p. 244)

Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2007). Monitoring the Future: National results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2006. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. (p. 389)

Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2013). Monitoring the future: National results on drug use: 2012 overview, key findings on adolescent drug use. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. (p. 389)

Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2006). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 392)

Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2010). Myths about suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 392)

Jones, A. C., & Gosling, S. D. (2005). Temperament and personality in dogs (Canis familiaris): A review and evaluation of past research. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 95, 1–53. (p. 323)

Jones, J. M. (2003, February 12). Fear of terrorism increases amidst latest warning. Gallup News Service (www.gallup.com/releases/pr030212.asp). (p. 377)

Jones, J. M. (2007, July 25). Latest Gallup update shows cigarette smoking near historical lows. Gallup Poll News Service (poll.gallup.com). (p. 385)

Jones, J. M., & Moore, D. W. (2003, June 17). Generational differences in support for a woman president. The Gallup Organization (www.gallup. com). (p. 350)

Jones, J. T., Pelham, B. W., Carvallo, M., & Mirenberg, M. C. (2004). How do I love thee? Let me count the Js: Implicit egotism and interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 665–683. (p. 359)

Jones, M. C. (1924). A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 31, 308–315. (p. 414)

Jones, M. V., Paull, G. C., & Erskine, J. (2002). The impact of a team’s aggressive reputation on the decisions of association football referees. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 991–1000. (p. 139)

Jones, S. S. (2007). Imitation in infancy: The development of mimicry. Psychological Science, 18, 593–599. (p. 186)

Jones, S. S., Collins, K., & Hong, H-W. (1991). An audience effect on smile production in 10–month-old infants. Psychological Science, 2, 45–49. (p. 277)

Jónsson, H., Hougaard, E., Bennedsen, B. E. (2011). Randomized comparative study of group versus individual cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123, 387–397. (p. 419)

Jorm, A. F., Reavley, N. J., & Ross, A. M. (2012). Belief in the dangerousness of people with mental disorders: A review. Australian and new Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46, 1029–1045. (p. 376)

Jose, A., O’Leary, D., & Moyer, A. (2010). Does premarital cohabitation predict subsequent marital stability and marital quality? A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 105–116. (p. 98)

Jost, J. T., Kay, A. C., & Thorisdottir, H. (eds.) (2009). Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 354)

Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction/job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376–407. (p. B-4)

Jung-Beeman, M., Bowden, E. M., Haberman, J., Frymiare, J. L., Arambel-Liu, S., Greenblatt, R., Reber, P. J., & Kounios, J. (2004). Neural activity when people solve verbal problems with insight. PloS Biology 2(4), e111. (pp. 220, 221)

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2001). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 144–156. (p. 298)

Kagan, J. (1976). Emergent themes in human development. American Scientist, 64, 186–196. (p. 83)

Kagan, J. (1984). The nature of the child. New York: Basic Books. (p. 81)

Kagan, J. (1995). On attachment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 3, 104–106. (p. 82)

Kagan, J. (1998). Three seductive ideas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 102)

Kagan, J. (2010). The temperamental thread: How genes, culture, time, and luck make us who we are. Washington, DC: Dana Press. (p. 323)

Kagan, J., Lapidus, D. R., & Moore, M. (December, 1978). Infant antecedents of cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 49(4), 1005–1023. (p. 102)

Kagan, J., & Snidman, N. (2004). The long shadow of temperament. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. (p. 73)

Kahneman, D. (1985, June). Quoted by K. McKean, Decisions, decisions. Discover, pp. 22–31. (p. A-6)

Kahneman, D. (1999). Assessments of objective happiness: A bottom-up approach. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), Understanding well-being: Scientific perspectives on enjoyment and suffering. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. (p. 156)

Kahneman, D. (2005, January 13). What were they thinking? Q&A with Daniel Kahneman. Gallup Management Journal (gmj.gallup.com). (p. 222)

Kahneman, D. (2005, February 10). Are you happy now? Gallup Management Journal interview (www.gmj.gallup.com). (p. 302)

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. (p. 49)

Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science, 4, 401–405. (p. 155)

Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science, 306, 1776–1780. (p. 302)

Kail, R. (1991). Developmental change in speed of processing during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 490–501. (p. 95)

Kail, R., & Hall, L. K. (2001). Distinguishing short-term memory from working memory. Memory & Cognition, 29, 1–9. (p. 194)

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2010, January). Generation M²: Media in the lives of 8- to 18-year-olds (by V. J. Rideout, U. G. Foeher, & D. F. Roberts). Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (pp. 16, 268)

Kamarck, T., & Jennings, J. R. (1991). Biobehavioral factors in sudden cardiac death. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 42–75. (p. 290)

Kamel, N. S., & Gammack, J. K. (2006). Insomnia in the elderly: Cause, approach, and treatment. American Journal of Medicine, 119, 463–469. (p. 54)

Kaminski, J., Cali, J., & Fischer, J. (2004). Word learning in a domestic dog: Evidence for “fast mapping.” Science, 304, 1682–1683. (p. 234)

Kandel, E R. (2012, March 5). Interview by Claudia Dreifus: A quest to understand how memory works. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 201)

Kandel, E. R., & Schwartz, J. H. (1982). Molecular biology of learning: Modulation of transmitter release. Science, 218, 433–443. (p. 201)

Kandler, C., Bleidorn, W., Riemann, R., Spinath, F. M., Thiel, W., & Angleitner, A. (2010). Sources of cumulative continuity in personality: A longitudinal multiple-rater twin study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 995–1008. (p. 102)

Kaplan, H. I., & Saddock, B. J. (Eds.). (1989). Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry, V. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins. (p. 425)

Kaplan, R. M., & Kronick, R. G. (2006). Marital status and longevity in the United States population. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 760–765. (p. 295)

Kaplan, S., Bradley, J. C., Luchman, J. N., & Haynes, D. (2009). On the role of positive and negative affectivity in job performance: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 162–176. (p. B-4)

Kaplan, T., & Hakim, D. (2013, January 14). New York has gun deal, with focus on mental ills. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 376)

Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., & Rita, H. (1987). Mortality after bereavement: A prospective study of 95,647 widowed persons. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 283–287. (p. 285)

Karacan, I., Goodenough, D. R., Shapiro, A., & Starker, S. (1966). Erection cycle during sleep in relation to dream anxiety. Archives of General Psychiatry, 15, 183–189. (p. 54)

Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1993). Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 681–706. (p. 347)

Kark, J. D., Shemi, G., Friedlander, Y., Martin, O., Manor, O., & Blondheim, S. H. (1996). Does religious observance promote health? Mortality in secular vs. religious kibbutzim in Israel. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 341–346. (p. 299)

Karo, A. (2012, February). Ruminations. Funny Times, p. 4. (p. 351)

Karpicke, J. D. (2012). Retrieval-based learning: Active retrieval promotes meaningful learning. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 157–163. (p. 198)

Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L., III. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319, 966–968. (p. 23)

Karremans, J. C., Frankenhis, W. E., & Arons, S. (2010). Blind men prefer a low waist-to-hip ratio. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 182–186. (pp. 127, 360)

Kasen, S., Chen, H., Sneed, J., Crawford, T., & Cohen, P. (2006). Social role and birth cohort influences on gender-linked personality traits in women: A 20-year longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 944–958. (p. 110)

Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Curious? Discover the missing ingredient to a fulfilling life. New York: William Morrow. (p. 319)

Katz-Wise, S. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2012). Victimization experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 142–167. (p. 350)

Katz-Wise, S. L., Priess, H. A., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). Gender-role attitudes and behavior across the transition to parenthood. Developmental Psychology, 46, 18–28. (p. 110)

Kaufman, J. C., & Baer, J. (2002). I bask in dreams of suicide: Mental illness, poetry, and women. Review of General Psychology, 6, 271–286. (p. 392)

Kaufman, L., & Kaufman, J. H. (2000). Explaining the moon illusion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 500–505. (p. 149)

Kawakami, K., Dunn, E., Karmali, F., & Dovidio, J. F. (2009). Mispredicting affective and behavioral responses to racism. Science, 323, 276–278. (p. 350)

Kay, A. C., Baucher, D., Peach, J. M., Laurin, K., Friesen, J., Zanna, M. P., & Spencer, S. J. (2009). Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 97, 421–434. (p. 354)

Kayser, C. (2007, April/May). Listening with your eyes. Scientific American Mind, pp. 24–29. (p. 160)

Kazantzis, N., & Dattilio, F. M. (2010b). Definitions of homework, types of homework and ratings of the importance of homework among psychologists with cognitive behavior therapy and psychoanalytic theoretical orientations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 758–773. (p. 418)

Kazantzis, N., Whittington, C., & Dattilio, F. M. (2010a). Meta-analysis of homework effects in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A replication and extension. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17, 144–156. (p. 418)

Kazdin, A. E., & Benjet, C. (2003). Spanking children: Evidence and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 99–103. (p. 178)

Keesey, R. E., & Corbett, S. W. (1983). Metabolic defense of the body weight set-point. In A. J. Stunkard & E. Stellar (Eds.), Eating and its disorders. New York: Raven Press. (p. 259)

Keith, S. W., & 19 others. (2006). Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 1585–1594. (p. 262)

Keller, J. (2007, March 9). As football players get bigger, more of them risk a dangerous sleep disorder. Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. A43–A44. (p. 59)

Keller, M. B., McCullough, J. P., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B., Dunner, D. L., Gelenberg, A. J., Markowitz, J. C., Nemeroff, C. B., Russell, J. M., Thase, M. E., Trivedi, M. H., & Zajecka J. (2000), A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1462–1470. (p. 426)

Kellerman, J., Lewis, J., & Laird, J. D. (1989). Looking and loving: The effects of mutual gaze on feelings of romantic love. Journal of Research in Personality, 23, 145–161. (p. 275)

Kellermann, A. L. (1997). Comment: Gunsmoke-changing public attitudes toward smoking and firearms. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 910–913. (p. 355)

Kellermann, A. L., Rivara, F. P., Rushforth, N. B., Banton, H. G., Feay, D. T., Francisco, J. T., Locci, A. B., Prodzinski, J., Hackman, B. B., & Somes, G. (1993). Gun ownership as a risk factor for homicide in the home. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1084–1091. (p. 355)

Kellermann, A. L., Somes, G. Rivara, F. P., Lee, R. K., & Banton, J. G. (1998). Injuries and deaths due to firearms in the home. Journal of Trauma, 45, 263-267. (p. 355)

Kelley, J., & De Graaf, N. D. (1997). National context, parental socialization, and religious belief: Results from 15 nations. American Sociological Review, 62, 639–659. (p. 91)

Kelling, S. T., & Halpern, B. P. (1983). Taste flashes: Reaction times, intensity, and quality. Science, 219, 412–414. (p. 157)

Kellner, C. H., & 15 others. (2005). Relief of expressed suicidal intent by ECT: A consortium for research in ECT study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 977–982. (p. 427)

Kellner, C. H., & 16 others. (2006). Continuation electroconvulsive therapy vs. pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in major depression: A multisite study from the Consortium for Research in Electroconvulsive Therapy (CORE). Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1337–1344. (p. 428)

Kelly, D. J., Quinn, P. C., Slater, A. M., Lee, K., Ge, L., & Pascalis, O. (2007). The other-race effect develops during infancy: Evidence of perceptual narrowing. Psychological Science, 18, 1084–1089. (p. 353)

Kelly, T. A. (1990). The role of values in psychotherapy: A critical review of process and outcome effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 171–186. (p. 423)

Kendall-Tackett, K. A. (Ed.) (2004). Health consequences of abuse in the family: A clinical guide for evidence-based practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 84)

Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 164–180. (pp. 84, 213)

Kendler, K. S. (1998, January). Major depression and the environment: A psychiatric genetic perspective. Pharmacopsychiatry, 31(1), 5–9. (p. 394)

Kendler, K. S. (2011). A statement from Kenneth S. Kendler, M.D., on the proposal to eliminate the grief exclusion criterion from major depression. www.dsm5.org. (p. 375)

Kendler, K. S., Jacobson, K. C., Myers, J., & Prescott, C. A. (2002a). Sex differences in genetic and environmental risk factors for irrational fears and phobias. Psychological Medicine, 32, 209–217. (p. 380)

Kendler, K. S., Myers, J., & Prescott, C. A. (2002b). The etiology of phobias: An evaluation of the stress-diathesis model. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 242–248. (p. 380)

Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., Thornton, L. M., Aggen, S. H., Gilman, S. E., & Kessler, R. C. (2002). Cannabis use in the last year in a U.S. national sample of twin and sibling pairs. Psychological Medicine, 32, 551–554. (p. 388)

Kendler, K. S., Thornton, L. M., & Gardner, C. O. (2001). Genetic risk, number of previous depressive episodes, and stressful life events in predicting onset of major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 582–586. (p. 393)

Kennedy, S., & Over, R. (1990). Psychophysiological assessment of male sexual arousal following spinal cord injury. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 19, 15–27. (p. 36)

Kenrick, D. T., Nieuweboer, S., & Bunnk, A. P. (2009). Universal mechanisms and cultural diversity: Replacing the blank slate with a coloring book. In M. Schaller, S. Heine, A. Norenzayan, T. Yamagishi, & T. Kameda (Eds.), Evolution, culture, and the human mind. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 74)

Kensinger, E. A. (2007). Negative emotion enhances memory accuracy: Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 213–218. (p. 200)

Keough, K. A., Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Who’s smoking, drinking, and using drugs? Time perspective as a predictor of substance use. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2, 149–164. (p. 313)

Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 1–26. (p. 331)

Kerr, N. L., & Bruun, S. E. (1983). Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: Free-rider effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 78–94. (p. 347)

Kessler, D., Lewis, G., Kaur, S., Wiles, N., King, M., Welch, S., Sharp, D. J., Araya, R., Hollinghurst, S., & Peters, T. J. (2009). Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression primary care: A randomized controlled trial. The Lancet, 374, 628–634. (p. 419)

Kessler, M., & Albee, G. (1975). Primary prevention. Annual Review of Psychology, 26, 557–591. (p. 432)

Kessler, R. C. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder: The burden to the individual and to society. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61(suppl. 5), 4–12. (p. 378)

Kessler, R. C. (2001). Epidemiology of women and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 74, 5–1. (p. 395)

Kessler, R. C., Foster, C., Joseph, J., Ostrow, D., Wortman, C., Phair, J., & Chmiel, J. (1991). Stressful life events and symptom onset in HIV infection. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 733–738. (p. 289)

Kessler, R. C., & 22 others. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 351–364. (p. 394)

Keynes, M. (1980, December 20/27). Handel’s illnesses. The Lancet, pp. 1354–1355. (p. 391)

Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H. L. (1950). The biology of human starvation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (p. 258)

Khera, M., Bhattacharya, R. K., Blick, G., Kushner, H., Nguyen, D., & Miner, M. M. (2011). Improved sexual function with testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men: Real-world data from the Testim Registry in the United States (TRiUS). Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8, 3204–3213. (p. 116)

Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2009). Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychology’s gateway to the biomedical future. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 367–369. (p. 286)

Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Page, G. G., Marucha, P. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Glaser, R. (1998). Psychological influences on surgical recovery: Perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. American Psychologist, 53, 1209–1218. (p. 287)

Kiehl, K. A., & Buckholtz, J. W. (2010, September/October). Inside the mind of a psychopath. Scientific American Mind, pp. 22–29. (p. 404)

Kihlstrom, J. F. (1990). Awareness, the psychological unconscious, and the self. Address to the American Psychological Association convention. (p. 318)

Kihlstrom, J. F. (2005). Dissociative disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 227–253. (p. 403)

Kihlstrom, J. F. (2006). Repression: A unified theory of a will-o’-the-wisp. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 523. (p. 318)

Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330, 932. (pp. 267, B-2)

Kilpatrick, L. A., Suyenobu, B. Y., Smith, S. R., Bueller, J. A., Goodman, T., Creswell, J. D., Tillisch, K., Mayer, E. A., & Naliboff, B. D. (2011). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on intrinsic brain activity. Neuroimage, 56, 290–298. (p. 299)

Kilpeläinen, T. O., & 116 others. (2012). Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: A meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children. PLoS Medicine. http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001116. (p. 297)

Kim, B. S. K., Ng, G. F., & Ahn, A. J. (2005). Effects of client expectation for counseling success, client-counselor worldview match, and client adherence to Asian and European American cultural values on counseling process with Asian Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 67–76. (p. 423)

Kim, G., & Tong, A. (2010, February 23). Airline passengers have grown, seats haven’t. Sacramento Bee (reprinted by Grand Rapids Press, pp. B1, B3). (p. 263)

Kimata, H. (2001). Effect of humor on allergen-induced wheal reactions. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 737. (p. 294)

Kingston, D. W., Malamuth, N. M., Fedoroff, N. M., & Marshall, W. L. (2009). The importance of individual differences in pornography use: Theoretical perspectives and implications for treating sexual offenders. Journal of Sex Research, 46, 216–232. (p. 357)

Kinnier, R. T., & Metha, A. T. (1989). Regrets and priorities at three stages of life. Counseling and Values, 33, 182–193. (p. 99)

Kinzler, K. D., Shutts, K., Dejesus, J., & Spelke, E. S. (2009). Accent trumps race in guiding children’s social preferences. Social Cognition, 27, 623–634. (p. 352)

Kirby, D. (2002). Effective approaches to reducing adolescent unprotected sex, pregnancy, and childbearing. Journal of Sex Research, 39, 51–57. (p. 119)

Kirsch, I. (2010). The emperor’s new drugs: Exploding the antidepressant myth. New York: Basic Books. (pp. 18, 426)

Kirsch, I., Deacon, B. J., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Scoboria, A., Moore, T. J., & Johnson, B. T. (2008) Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: A meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. Public Library of Science Medicine, 5, e45. (p. 427)

Kirsch, I., Moore, T. J., Scoboria, A., & Nicholls, S. S. (2002, July 15). New study finds little difference between effects of antidepressants and placebo. Prevention and Treatment (journals.apa.org/prevention). (p. 426)

Kirsch, I., & Sapirstein, G. (1998). Listening to Prozac but hearing placebo: A meta-analysis of antidepressant medication. Prevention and Treatment, 1, posted June 26 at (journals.apa.org/prevention/volume1). (p. 426)

Kitayama, S., Chua, H. F., Tompson, S., & Han, S. (2013). Neural mechanisms of dissonance: An fMRI investigation of choice justification. Neuro-Image, 69, 206–212. (p. 341)

Kitayama, S., Conway, L. G., III, Pietromonaci, P. R., Park, H., & Plaut, V. C. (2010). Ethos of independence across regions in the United States: The production-adoption model of cultural change. American Psychologist, 65, 559–574. (p. 332)

Klayman, J., & Ha, Y-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94, 211–228. (p. 221)

Klein, D. N., & 16 others. (2003). Therapeutic alliance in depression treatment: Controlling for prior change and patient characteristics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 997–1006. (p. 423)

Kleinke, C. L. (1986). Gaze and eye contact: A research review. Psychological Bulletin, 1000, 78–100. (p. 275)

Kleinmuntz, B., & Szucko, J. J. (1984). A field study of the fallibility of polygraph lie detection. Nature, 308, 449–450. (p. 274)

Kleitman, N. (1960, November). Patterns of dreaming. Scientific American, pp. 82–88. (p. 53)

Klemm, W. R. (1990). Historical and introductory perspectives on brainstem-mediated behaviors. In W. R. Klemm & R. P. Vertes (Eds.), Brainstem mechanisms of behavior. New York: Wiley. (p. 39)

Klimstra, T. A., Hale, W. W., III, Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). Maturation of personality in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 898–912. (p. 90)

Kline, D., & Schieber, F. (1985). Vision and aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. (p. 95)

Kline, N. S. (1974). From sad to glad. New York: Ballantine Books. (p. 396)

Klinke, R., Kral, A., Heid, S., Tillein, J., & Hartmann, R. (1999). Recruitment of the auditory cortex in congenitally deaf cats by long-term cochlear electrostimulation. Science, 285, 1729–1733. (p. 153)

Kluft, R. P. (1991). Multiple personality disorder. In A. Tasman & S. M. Goldfinger (Eds.), Review of Psychiatry (Vol. 10). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. (p. 402)

Klump, K. L., Suisman, J. L., Burt, S. A., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2009). Genetic and environmental influences on disordered eating: An adoption study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 797–805. (p. 401)

Klüver, H., & Bucy, P. C. (1939). Preliminary analysis of functions of the temporal lobes in monkeys. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 42, 979–1000. (p. 41)

Knapp, S., & VandeCreek, L. (2000, August). Recovered memories of childhood abuse: Is there an underlying professional consensus? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 365–371. (p. 213)

Knickmeyer, E. (2001, August 7). In Africa, big is definitely better. Seattle Times, p. A7. (p. 401)

Knight, R. T. (2007). Neural networks debunk phrenology. Science, 316, 1578–1579. (p. 47)

Knight, W. (2004, August 2). Animated face helps deaf with phone chat. NewScientist.com. (p. 160)

Knoblich, G., & Oellinger, M. (2006, October/November). The Eureka moment. Scientific American Mind, pp. 38–43. (p. 220)

Knutson, K. L., Spiegel, K., Penev, P., & Van Cauter, E. (2007). The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 11, 163–178. (p. 58)

Koch, C., & Greenfield, S. (2007, October). How does consciousness happen? Scientific American, pp. 76–83. (p. 50)

Koenen, K. C., Moffitt, T. E., Roberts, A. L., Martin, L. T., Kubzansky, L., Harrington, H., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2009). Childhood IQ and adult mental disorders: A test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 50–57. (p. 242)

Koenig, H. G., & Larson, D. B. (1998). Use of hospital services, religious attendance, and religious affiliation. Southern Medical Journal, 91, 925–932. (p. 300)

Koenig, L. B., McGue, M., Krueger, R. F., & Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (2005). Genetic and environmental influences on religiousness: Findings for retrospective and current religiousness ratings. Journal of Personality, 73, 471–488. (p. 91)

Koenig, L. B., & Vaillant, G. E. (2009). A prospective study of church attendance and health over the lifespan. Health Psychology, 28, 117–124. (p. 300)

Koenigs, M., Young, L., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Cushman, F., Hauser, M., & Damasio, A. (2007). Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgements. Nature, 446, 908–911. (p. 46)

Koestner, R., Lekes, N., Powers, T. A., & Chicoine, E. (2002). Attaining personal goals: Self-concordance plus implementation intentions equals success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 231–244. (p. B-6)

Kohlberg, L. (1981). The philosophy of moral development: Essays on moral development (Vol. I). San Francisco: Harper & Row. (p. 87)

Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: Essays on moral development (Vol. II). San Francisco: Harper & Row. (p. 87)

Kohler, C. G., Walker, J. B., Martin, E. A., Healey, K. M., & Moberg, P. J. (2010). Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: A meta-analytic review. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36, 1009–1019. (p. 398)

Kohler, I. (1962, May). Experiments with goggles. Scientific American, pp. 62–72. (p. 151)

Köhler, W. (1925; reprinted 1957). The mentality of apes. London: Pelican. (p. 228)

Kolata, G. (1987). Metabolic catch-22 of exercise regimens. Science, 236, 146–147. (p. 264)

Kolb, B. (1989). Brain development, plasticity, and behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 1203–1212. (p. 47)

Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I. Q. (1998). Brain plasticity and behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 43–64. (p. 74)

Kolker, K. (2002, December 8). Video violence disturbs some: Others scoff at influence. Grand Rapids Press, pp. A1, A12. (p. 357)

Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2006). Rediscovering the later version of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Self-transcendence and opportunities for theory, research, and unification. Review of General Psychology, 10, 302–317. (p. 257)

Konkle, T., Brady, T. F., Alvarez, G. A., & Oliva, A. (2010). Conceptual distinctiveness supports detailed visual long-term memory for real-world objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139, 558–578. (p. 193)

Koopmans, J. R., Slutske, W. S., van Baal, G. C. M., & Boomsma, D. I. (1999). The influence of religion on alcohol use initiation: Evidence for a genotype x environment interaction. Behavior Genetics, 29, 445–453. (p. 300)

Kopta, S. M., Lueger, R. J., Saunders, S. M., & Howard, K. I. (1999). Individual psychotherapy outcome and process research: Challenges leading to greater turmoil or a positive transition? Annual Review of Psychology, 30, 441–469. (p. 421)

Kosslyn, S. M. (2005). Reflective thinking and mental imagery: A perspective on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 851–863. (p. 379)

Kosslyn, S. M., & Koenig, O. (1992). Wet mind: The new cognitive neuroscience. New York: Free Press. (p. 35)

Kotchick, B. A., Shaffer, A., & Forehand, R. (2001). Adolescent sexual risk behavior: A multi-system perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 493–519. (p. 119)

Kotkin, M., Daviet, C., & Gurin, J. (1996). The Consumer Reports mental health survey. American Psychologist, 51, 1080–1082. (p. 420)

Kounios, J., & Beeman, M. (2009). The Aha! moment: The cognitive neuroscience of insight. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 210–215. (p. 220)

Kraft, R. N. (2002). Memory perceived: Recalling the Holocaust. Westport, CT: Praeger. (p. 213)

Kramer, A. (2010). Personal correspondence. (p. 302)

Kramer, M. S., & 17 others. (2008). Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: New evidence from a large randomized trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 578–584. (p. 17)

Kramer, P. D. (2011, July 9). In defense of antidepressants. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 426)

Kranz, F., & Ishai, A. (2006). Face perception is modulated by sexual preference. Current Biology, 16, 63–68. (p. 123)

Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017–1031. (p. 267)

Kraut, R. E., & Johnston, R. E. (1979). Social and emotional messages of smiling: An ethological approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1539–1553. (p. 277)

KRC Research & Consulting. (2001, August 7). Memory isn’t quite what it used to be (survey for General Nutrition Centers). USA Today, p. D1. (p. 96)

Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Olafsson, R. P., & Biemond, R. (2004). Virtual reality exposure therapy of anxiety disorders: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 259–281. (p. 415)

Kring, A. M., & Caponigro, J. M. (2010). Emotion in schizophrenia: Where feeling meets thinking. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 255–259. (p. 397)

Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 686–703. (p. 276)

Kristeller, J. L., Baer, R. A., & Quillian-Wolever, R. (2006). Mindfulness-based approaches to eating disorders. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: A clinician’s guide to evidence base and applications. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. (p. 299)

Kristensen, P., & Bjerkedal, T. (2007). Explaining the relation between birth order and intelligence. Science, 316, 1717. (p. A-8)

Krosnick, J. A., & Alwin, D. F. (1989). Aging and susceptibility to attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 416–425. (p. 102)

Krosnick, J. A., Betz, A. L., Jussim, L. J., & Lynn, A. R. (1992). Subliminal conditioning of attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 152–162. (p. 136)

Kross, E., Berman, M. G., Mischel, W., Smith, E. E., & Wager, T. D. (2011). Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain. PNAS, 108, 6270–6275. (p. 266)

Krueger, A. B., & Malecková, J. (2009). Attitudes and action: Public opinion and the occurrence of international terrorism. Science, 325, 1534–1536. (p. 339)

Krueger, J., & Killham, E. (2005, December 8). At work, feeling good matters. Gallup Management Journal (www.gmj.gallup.com). (p. B-5)

Krueger, J., & Killham, E. (2006, March 9). Why Dilbert is right. Uncomfortable work environments make for disgruntled employees—just like the cartoon says. Gallup Management Journal (www.gmj.gallup.com). (p. 292)

Krueger, R. F., & Johnson, W. (2008). Behavioral genetics and personality: A new look at the integration of nature and nurture. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 287–310). New York, 324)

Kruger, J., Epley, N., Parker, J., & Ng, Z-W. (2005). Egocentrism over e-mail: Can we communicate as well as we think? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 925–936. (p. 78)

Krumhansl, C. L. (2010). Plink: “Thin slices” of music. Music Perception, 27, 337–354. (p. 193)

Kübler, A., Winter, S., Ludolph, A. C., Hautzinger, M., & Birbaumer, N. (2005). Severity of depressive symptoms and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 19(3), 182–193. (p. 302)

Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1982). The bimodal perception of speech in infancy. Science, 218, 1138–1141. (p. 230)

Kunkel, D. (2001, February 4). Sex on TV. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (www.kff.org). (p. 119)

Kupfer, D. J. (2012, June 1). Dr. Kupfer defends DSM-5. www.medscape.com/viewarticle/764735. (p. 375)

Kuppens, P., Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. B. (2010). Emotional inertia and psychological maladjustment. Psychological Science, 21, 984–991. (p. 395)

Kvavilashvili, L., Mirani, J., Schlagman, S., Foley, K. & Kornbrot, D. E. (2009). Consistency of flashbulb memories of September 11 over long delays: Implications for consolidation and wrong time slice hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 61, 556–572. (p. 201)

Laan, E., Everaerd, W., & Evers, A. (1995a). Assessment of female sexual arousal: Response specificity and construct validity. Psychophysiology, 32, 476–485. (p. 118)

Laan, E., Everaerd, W., van der Velde, J., & Geer, J. H. (1995b). Determinants of subjective experience of sexual arousal in women: Feedback from genital arousal and erotic stimulus content. Psychophysiology, 32, 444–451. (p. 118)

Labonté, B., Suderman, M., Maussion, G., Navaro, L., Yerko, V., Mahar, I., Bureau, A., Mechawar, N., Szyf, M., Meaney, M. J., & Turecki, G. (2012). Genome-wide epigenetic regulation by early-life trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 722–731. (p. 84)

Lacayo, R. (1995, June 12). Violent reaction. Time Magazine, pp. 25–39. (p. 15)

Lacey, H. P., Smith, D. M., & Ubel, P. A. (2006). Hope I die before I get old: Mispredicting happiness across the lifespan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 167–182. (p. 99)

Lacey, M. (2010, December 11). He found bag of cash, but did the unexpected. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 365)

Lachman, M. E., Rocke, C., Rosnick, C., & Ryff, C. D. (2008, September). Realism and illusion in Americans’ temporal views of their life satisfaction: Age differences in reconstructing the past and anticipating the future. Psychological Science, 19, 889–897. (p. 99)

Laird, J. D. (1974). Self-attribution of emotion: The effects of expressive behavior on the quality of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 475–486. (p. 278)

Laird, J. D. (1984). The real role of facial response in the experience of emotion: A reply to Tourangeau and Ellsworth, and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 909–917. (p. 278)

Laird, J. D., Cuniff, M., Sheehan, K., Shulman, D., & Strum, G. (1989). Emotion specific effects of facial expressions on memory for life events. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 4, 87–98. (p. 278)

Lally, P., Van Jaarsveld, C. H. M., Potts, H. W. W., & Wardle, J. (2010). How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 998–1009. (p. 168)

Lalumière, M. L., Blanchard, R., & Zucker, K. J. (2000). Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 575–592. (p. 124)

Lam, C. B., & McBride-Chang, C. A. (2007). Resilience in young adulthood: The moderating influences of gender-related personality traits and coping flexibility. Sex Roles, 56, 159–172. (p. 114)

Lambert, N. M., DeWall, C. N., Bushman, B. J., Tillman, T. F., Fincham, F. D., Pond, R. S. Jr., & Gwinn, A. M. (2011). Lashing out in lust: Effect of pornography on nonsexual, physical aggression against relationship partners. Paper presentation at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology convention. (p. 357)

Lambert, N. M., Negash, S., Stillman, T. F., Olmstead, S. B., & Fincham, F. D. (2012). A love that doesn’t last: Pornography consumption and weakened commitment to a romantic partner. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31, 410–438. (pp. 18, 118)

Lambird, K. H., & Mann, T. (2006). When do ego threats lead to self-regulation failure? Negative consequences of defensive high self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1177–1187. (p. 331)

Landauer, T. K. (2001, September). Quoted by R. Herbert, You must remember this. APS Observer, p. 11. (p. 214)

Landauer, T. K., & Whiting, J. W. M. (1979). Correlates and consequences of stress in infancy. In R. Munroe, B. Munroe & B. Whiting (Eds.), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Human Development. New York: Garland. (p. 301)

Landberg, J., & Norström, T. (2011). Alcohol and homicide in Russia and the United States: A comparative analysis. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72, 723–730. (p. 355)

Landry, M. J. (2002). MDMA: A review of epidemiologic data. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 34, 163–169. (p. 386)

Langer, E. J. (1983). The psychology of control. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. (p. 292)

Langer, E. J., & Abelson, R. P. (1974). A patient by any other name …: Clinician group differences in labeling bias. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 4–9. (p. 375)

Langer, E. J., & Imber, L. (1980). The role of mindlessness in the perception of deviance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 360–367. (p. 375)

Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 390–423. (p. 360)

Langlois, J. H., Roggman, L. A., Casey, R. J., Ritter, J. M., Rieser-Danner, L. A., & Jenkins, V. Y. (1987). Infant preferences for attractive faces: Rudiments of a stereotype? Developmental Psychology, 23, 363–369. (p. 360)

Langmeyer, A., Guglhör-Rudan, A., & Tarnai, C. (2012). What do music preferences reveal about personality? A cross-cultural replication using self-ratings and ratings of music samples. Journal of Individual Differences, 33, 119–130. (p. 326)

Langström, N. H., Rahman, Q., Carlström, E., & Lichtenstein, P. (2010). Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: A population study of twins in Sweden. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 75–80. (p. 123)

Lankford, A. (2009). Promoting aggression and violence at Abu Ghraib: The U.S. military’s transformation of ordinary people into torturers. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 388–395. (p. 346)

Larkin, K., Resko, J. A., Stormshak, F., Stellflug, J. N., & Roselli, C. E. (2002). Neuroanatomical correlates of sex and sexual partner preference in sheep. Paper presented at Society for Neuroscience convention. (p. 123)

Larrick, R. P., Timmerman, T. A., & Carton, A. M., & Abrevaya, J. (2011). Temper, temperature, and temptation: Heat-related retaliation in base-ball. Psychological Science, 22, 423–428. (p. 356)

Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: Work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 701–736. (p. 249)

Larzelere, R. E. (2000). Child outcomes of non-abusive and customary physical punishment by parents: An updated literature review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3, 199–221. (p. 178)

Larzelere, R. E., & Kuhn, B. R. (2005). Comparing child outcomes of physical punishment and alternative disciplinary tactics: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 1–37. (p. 179)

Larzelere, R. E., Kuhn, B. R., & Johnson, B. (2004). The intervention selection bias: An underrecognized confound in intervention research. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 289–303. (p. 178)

Lassiter, G. D., & Irvine, A. A. (1986). Video-taped confessions: The impact of camera point of view on judgments of coercion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 268–276. (p. 339)

Latané, B. (1981). The psychology of social impact. American Psychologist, 36, 343–356. (p. 347)

Latané, B., & Dabbs, J. M., Jr. (1975). Sex, group size and helping in three cities. Sociometry, 38, 180–194. (p. 364)

Latham, G. P., & Locke, E. A. (2007). New developments in and directions for goal-setting research. European Psychologist, 12, 290–300. (p. B-6)

Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (p. 126)

Laws, K. R., & Kokkalis, J. (2007). Ecstasy (MDMA) and memory function: A meta-analytic update. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 22, 381–388. (p. 386)

Lazarus, R. S. (1990). Theory-based stress measurement. Psychological Inquiry, 1, 3–13. (p. 285)

Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. American Psychologist, 46, 352–367. (p. 271)

Lazarus, R. S. (1998). Fifty years of the research and theory of R. S. Lazarus: An analysis of historical and perennial issues. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (pp. 271, 284)

Lea, S. E. G. (2000). Towards an ethical use of animals. The Psychologist, 13, 556–557. (p. 22)

Leaper, C., & Ayres, M. M. (2007). A meta-analytic review of gender variations in adults’ language use: Talkativeness, affiliative speech, and assertive speech. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 328–363. (p. 109)

Leary, M. R. (1999). The social and psychological importance of self-esteem. In R. M. Kowalski & M. R. Leary (Eds.), The social psychology of emotional and behavioral problems. Washington, DC: APA Books. (p. 329)

Leary, M. R., Haupt, A. L., Strausser, K. S., & Chokel, J. T. (1998). Calibrating the sociometer: The relationship between interpersonal appraisals and state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1290–1299. (p. 264)

LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Simon & Schuster. (p. 200)

LeDoux, J. E. (2002). The synaptic self. London: Macmillan. (p. 271)

LeDoux, J. E. (2009, July/August). Quoted by K. McGowan, Out of the past. Discover, pp. 28–37. (p. 209)

LeDoux, J. E., & Armony, J. (1999). Can neurobiology tell us anything about human feelings? In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York: Sage. (p. 271)

Lee, L., Frederick, S., & Ariely, D. (2006). Try it, you’ll like it: The influence of expectation, consumption, and revelation on preferences for beer. Psychological Science, 17, 1054–1058. (p. 138)

Lee, P. S. N., Leung, L., Lo, V., Xiong, C., & Wu, T. (2011). Internet communication versus face-to-face interaction in quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 100, 375–389. (p. 267)

Lefcourt, H. M. (1982). Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 293)

Legrand, L. N., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2005). Predicting addiction. American Scientist, 93, 140–147. (p. 389)

Lehman, A. F., Steinwachs, D. M., Dixon, L. B., Goldman, H. H., Osher, F., Postrado, L., Scott, J. E., Thompson, J. W., Fahey, M., Fischer, P., Kasper, J. A., Lyles, A., Skinner, E. A., Buchanan, R., Carpenter, W. T., Jr., Levine, J., McGlynn, E. A., Rosenheck, R., & Zito, J. (1998). Translating research into practice: The schizophrenic patient outcomes research team (PORT) treatment recommendations. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24, 1–10. (p. 425)

Lehman, D. R., Wortman, C. B., & Williams, A. F. (1987). Long-term effects of losing a spouse or child in a motor vehicle crash. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 218–231. (p. 101)

Leichsenring, F., & Rabung, S. (2008). Effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 300, 1551–1565. (pp. 421, 422)

Leitenberg, H., & Henning, K. (1995). Sexual fantasy. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 469–496. (pp. 116, 118)

Lemonick, M. D. (2002, June 3). Lean and hungrier. Time, p. 54. (p. 259)

Lench, H. C., Flores, S. A., & Bench, S. W. (2011). Discrete emotions predict changes in cognition, judgment, experience, behavior, and physiology: A meta-analysis of experimental emotion elicitations. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 834–855. (p. 273)

Lenhart, A. (2010, April 20). Teens, cell phones and texting. Pew Internet and American Life Project. Pew Research Center (www.pewresearch.org). (p. 110)

Lenhart, A. (2012, March 19). Teens, smartphones & texting. Pew Internet & American Life Project (www.pewinternet.org). (p. 266)

Lenneberg, E. H. (1967). Biological foundations of language. New York: Wiley. (p. 232)

Lennox, B. R., Bert, S., Park, G., Jones, P. B., & Morris, P. G. (1999). Spatial and temporal mapping of neural activity associated with auditory hallucinations. Lancet, 353, 644. (p. 45)

Lenton, A. P., & Francesconi, M. (2010). How humans cognitively manage an abundance of mate options. Psychological Science, 21, 528–533. (p. 359)

Lenton, A. P., & Francesconi, M. (2012). Too much of a good thing? Variety is confusing in mate choice. Biology Letters, 7, 528–531. (p. 359)

Lenzenweger, M. F., Dworkin, R. H., & Wethington, E. (1989). Models of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: An empirical evaluation of latent structures. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 62–70. (p. 425)

Leucht, S., Barnes, T. R. E., Kissling, W., Engel, R. R., Correll, C., & Kane, J. M. (2003). Relapse prevention in schizophrenia with new-generation antipsychotics: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1209–1222. (p. 425)

Leung, A. K-Y., Maddux, W. W., Galinsky, A. D., & Chiu, C-Y. (2008). Multicultural experience enhances creativity: The when and how. American Psychologist, 63, 169–181. (p. 228)

LeVay, S. (1991). A difference in hypothalamic structure between hetero-sexual and homosexual men. Science, 253, 1034–1037. (p. 122)

LeVay, S. (1994, March). Quoted in D. Nimmons, Sex and the brain. Discover, p. 64–71. (p. 122)

LeVay, S. (2011). Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation. New York: Oxford University Press. (pp. 124, 127)

Levenson, R. W. (1992). Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3, 23–27. (p. 273)

Levine, J. A., Lanningham-Foster, L. M., McCrady, S. K., Krizan, A. C., Olson, L. R., Kane, P. H., Jensen, M. D., & Clark, M. M. (2005). Interindividual variation in posture allocation: Possible role in human obesity. Science, 307, 584–586. (p. 262)

Levine, R., Sato, S., Hashimoto, T., & Verma, J. (1995). Love and marriage in eleven cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 554–571. (p. 362)

Levinson, D. F., & 23 others. (2011). Copy number variants in schizophrenia: Confirmation of five previous findings and new evidence for 3q29 microdeletions and VIPR2 duplications. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 302–316. (p. 400)

Lewandowski, G. W., Jr., Aron, A., & Gee, J. (2007). Personality goes a long way: The malleability of opposite-sex physical attractiveness. Personality Relationships, 14, 571–585. (p. 361)

Lewinsohn, P. M., Hoberman, H., Teri, L., & Hautziner, M. (1985). An integrative theory of depression. In S. Reiss & R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavior therapy. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. (p. 393)

Lewinsohn, P. M., Petit, J., Joiner, T. E., Jr., & Seeley, J. R. (2003). The symptomatic expression of major depressive disorder in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 244–252. (p. 393)

Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1998). Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 765–794. (p. 393)

Lewinsohn, P. M., & Rosenbaum, M. (1987). Recall of parental behavior by acute depressives, remitted depressives, and nondepressives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 611–619. (p. 205)

Lewis, D. O., Yeager, C. A., Swica, Y., Pincus, J. H., & Lewis, M. (1997). Objective documentation of child abuse and dissociation in 12 murderers with dissociative identity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1703–1710. (p. 402)

Lewis, M. (1992). Commentary. Human Development, 35, 44–51. (p. 205)

Lewontin, R. (1976). Race and intelligence. In N. J. Block & G. Dworkin (Eds.), The IQ controversy: Critical readings. New York: Pantheon. (p. 248)

Li, J., Laursen, T. M., Precht, D. H., Olsen, J., & Mortensen, P. B. (2005). Hospitalization for mental illness among parents after the death of a child. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 1190–1196. (p. 101)

Liang, K. Y., Mintun, M. A., Fagan, A. M., Goate, A.M., Bugg, J. M., Holtzman, D. M., Morris, J. C., & Head, D. (2010). Exercise and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults. Annals of Neurology, 68, 311–318. (p. 95)

Liberman, V., Boehm, J. K., Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. D. (2009). Happiness and memory: Affective significance of endowment and contrast. Emotion, 9, 666–680. (p. 301)

Lichtenstein, E., Zhu, S-H., & Tedeschi, G. J. (2010). Smoking cessation quitlines: An underrecognized intervention success story. American Psychologist, 65, 252–261. (p. 385)

Lieberman, M. D., Eisenberger, N. L., Crockett, M. J., Tom, S. M., Pfeifer, J. H., & Way, B. M. (2007). Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli. Psychological Science, 18, 421–428. (p. 296)

Lilienfeld, S. O., Lynn, S. J., Kirsch, I., Chaves, J. F., Sarbin, T. R., Ganaway, G. K., & Powell, R. A. (1999). Dissociative identity disorder and the sociocognitive model: Recalling the lessons of the past. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 507–523. (p. 402)

Lilienfeld, S. O., Wood, J. M., & Garb, H. N. (2000). The scientific status of projective techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 1, 27–66. (p. 317)

Lim, J., & Dinges, D. F. (2010). A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 375–389. (p. 57)

Lindau, S. T., Schumm, L. P., Laumann, E. O., Levinson, W., O’Muircheartaigh, C. A., & Waite, L. J. (2007). A study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 762–774. (p. 115)

Lindberg, S. M., Hyde, J. S., Linn, M. C., & Petersen, J. L. (2010). New trends in gender and mathematics performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 1125–1135. (p. 246)

Lindner, I., Echterhoff, G., Davidson, P. S. R., & Brand, M. (2010). Observation inflation: Your actions become mine. Psychological Science, 21, 1291–1299. (p. 186)

Lindson, N., Aveyard, P., & Hughes, J. R. (2010). Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit (review). Cochrane Collaboration (Cochrane Library, Issue 3; www.thecochranelibrary.com). (p. 385)

Lippa, R. A. (2005). Gender, nature, and nurture (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 110)

Lippa, R. A. (2006). The gender reality hypothesis. American Psychologist, 61, 639–640. (p. 110)

Lippa, R. A. (2007). The relation between sex drive and sexual attraction to men and women: A cross-national study of heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 209–222. (p. 360)

Lippa, R. A. (2008) Sex differences and sexual orientation differences in personality: Findings from the BBC Internet survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, Special Issue: Biological research on sex-dimorphic behavior and sexual orientation, 37(1), 173–187. (p. 110)

Lipps, H. M. (1999). A new psychology of women: Gender, culture, and ethnicity. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing. (p. 351)

Lipsitt, L. P. (2003). Crib death: A biobehavioral phenomenon? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 164–170. (p. 74)

Liu, Y., Balaraman, Y., Wang, G., Nephew, K. P., & Zhou, F. C. (2009). Alcohol exposure alters DNA methylation profiles in mouse embryos at early neurulation. Epigentics, 4, 500–511. (p. 71)

Livingstone, M., & Hubel, D. (1988). Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: Anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science, 240, 740–749. (p. 143)

LoBue, V., & DeLoache, J. S. (2008). Detecting the snake in the grass: Attention to fear-relevant stimuli by adults and young children. Psychological Science, 19, 284–289. (p. 381)

Loehlin, J. C., & Nichols, R. C. (1976). Heredity, environment, and personality. Austin: University of Texas Press. (p. 72)

Loehlin, J. C., McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1998). Heritabilities of common and measure-specific components of the Big Five personality factors. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 431–453. (p. 324)

Loewenstein, G., & Furstenberg, F. (1991). Is teenage sexual behavior rational? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 957–986. (p. 176)

Loftus, E. F. (1979). The malleability of human memory. American Scientist, 67, 313–320. (p. 210)

Loftus, E. F. (1995, March/April). Remembering dangerously. Skeptical Inquirer, pp. 20–29. (p. 318)

Loftus, E. F. (2012, July). Manufacturing memories. Invited address to the International Congress of Psychology, Cape Town. (p. 210)

Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1994). The myth of repressed memory. New York: St. Martin’s Press. (p. 60)

Loftus, E. F., Levidow, B., & Duensing, S. (1992). Who remembers best? Individual differences in memory for events that occurred in a science museum. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 6, 93–107. (p. 210)

Loftus, E. F., & Loftus, G. R. (1980). On the permanence of stored information in the human brain. American Psychologist, 35, 409–420. (p. 199)

Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (October, 1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 13(5), 585–589. (p. 210)

Logan, T. K., Walker, R., Cole, J., & Leukefeld, C. (2002). Victimization and substance abuse among women: Contributing factors, interventions, and implications. Review of General Psychology, 6, 325–397. (p. 389)

Logue, A. W. (1998a). Laboratory research on self-control: Applications to administration. Review of General Psychology, 2, 221–238. (p. 176)

Logue, A. W. (1998b). Self-control. In W. T. O’Donohue (Ed.), Learning and behavior therapy. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. (p. 176)

London, P. (1970). The rescuers: Motivational hypotheses about Christians who saved Jews from the Nazis. In J. Macaulay & L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior. New York: Academic Press. (p. 186)

Lopes, P. N., Brackett, M. A., Nezlek, J. B., Schutz, A., Sellin, II, & Salovey, P. (2004). Emotional intelligence and social interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1018–1034. (p. 238)

López-Ibor, J. J., López-Ibor, M-I., & Pastrana, J. I. (2008). Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 640–644. (p. 429)

Lord, C. G., Lepper, M. R., & Preston, E. (1984). Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1231–1247. (p. 223)

Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 2098–2109. (p. 223)

Louie, K., & Wilson, M. A. (2001). Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Neuron, 29, 145–156. (p. 61)

Lourenco, O., & Machado, A. (1996). In defense of Piaget’s theory: A reply to 10 common criticisms. Psychological Review, 103, 143–164. (p. 80)

Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 3–9. (p. 416)

Lowry, P. E. (1997). The assessment center process: New directions. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 53–62. (p. 328)

Lozano, A., Mayberg, H., Giacobbe, P., Hami, C., Craddock, R., & Kennedy, S. (2008). Subcallosal cingulated gyrus deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 461–467. (p. 428)

Lubinski, D. (2009a). Cognitive epidemiology: with emphasis on untangling cognitive ability and socioeconomic status. Intelligence, 37, 625–633. (pp. 238, 242)

Lubinski, D. (2009b). Exceptional cognitive ability: The phenotype. Behavioral Genetics, 39, 350–358. (p. 242)

Luborsky, L., Rosenthal, R., Diguer, L., Andrusyna, T. P., Berman, J. S., Levitt, J. T., Seligman, D. A., & Krause, E. D. (2002). The dodo bird verdict is alive and well—mostly. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 2–34. (p. 421)

Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T. J., Lister, G., & Leeson-Payne, C. (1992). Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm. Lancet, 339, 261–264. (p. 18)

Lucas, R. E. (2007a). Adaptation and the set-point model of subjective well-being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 75–79. (p. 302)

Lucas, R. E. (2007b). Long-term disability is associated with lasting changes in subjective well-being: Evidence from two nationally representative longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 717–730. (p. 302)

Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2003). Re-examining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 527–539. (p. 100)

Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2004). Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 15, 8–13. (p. 305)

Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2011). Personality development across the life span: Longitudinal analyses with a national sample from Germany. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 847–861. (pp. 90, 102, 324)

Ludwig, A. M. (1995). The price of greatness: Resolving the creativity and madness controversy. New York: Guilford Press. (p. 392)

Luigjes, J., van den Brink, W., Feenstra, M., van den Munckhof, P., Schuurman, P. R., Schippers, R., Mazaheri, A., De Vries, T. J., & Denys, D. (2012). Deep brain stimulation in addiction: A review of potential brain targets. Molecular Psychiatry, 17, 572–583. (p. 428)

Lumeng, J. C., Forrest, P., Appugliese, D. P., Kaciroti, N., Corwyn, R. F., Bradley, R. H. (2010). Weight status as a predictor of being bullied in third through sixth grades. Pediatrics, 125, e1301–1307. (p. 261)

Luo, F., Florence, C. S., Quispe-Agnoli, M., Ouyang, L., & Crosby, A. E. (2011). Impact of business cycles on US suicide rates, 1928–2007. American Journal of Public Health, 101, 1139–1146. (p. 392)

Luppino, F. S., de Wit, L. M., Bouvy, P. F., Stijnen, T., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, W. J. H., & Zitman, F. G. (2010). Overweight, obesity, and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 220–229. (p. 261)

Luria, A. M. (1968). In L. Solotaroff (Trans.), The mind of a mnemonist. New York: Basic Books. (p. 193)

Lutfey, K. E., Link, C. L., Rosen, R. C., Wiegel, M., & McKinlay, J. B. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of sexual activity and function in women: Results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 514–527. (p. 117)

Lutgendorf, S. K., Russell, D., Ullrich, P., Harris, T. B., & Wallace, R. (2004). Religious participation, interleukin-6, and mortality in older adults. Health Psychology, 23, 465–475. (p. 300)

Lyall, S. (2005, November 29). What’s the buzz? Rowdy teenagers don’t want to hear it. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 96)

Lykken, D. T. (1991). Science, lies, and controversy: An epitaph for the polygraph. Invited address upon receipt of the Senior Career Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology in the Public Interest, American Psychological Association convention. (p. 274)

Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. New York: Erlbaum. (p. 376)

Lykken, D. T. (1999). Happiness: The nature and nurture of joy and contentment. New York: Golden Books. (p. 241)

Lykken, D. T., & Tellegen, A. (1993). Is human mating adventitious or the result of lawful choice? A twin study of mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 56–68. (p. 98)

Lykken, D. T., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 7, 186–189. (p. 305)

Lynch, G. (2002). Memory enhancement: The search for mechanism-based drugs. Nature Neuroscience, 5 (suppl.), 1035–1038. (p. 201)

Lynch, G., & Staubli, U. (1991). Possible contributions of long-term potentiation to the encoding and organization of memory. Brain Research Reviews, 16, 204–206. (p. 201)

Lynn, M. (1988). The effects of alcohol consumption on restaurant tipping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 87–91. (p. 382)

Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., Merckelbach, H., Giesbrecht, T., & van der Kloet, D. (2012). Dissociation and dissociative disorders: Challenging conventional wisdom. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 48–53. (p. 403)

Lynn, S. J., Rhue, J. W., & Weekes, J. R. (1990). Hypnotic involuntariness: A social cognitive analysis. Psychological Review, 97, 169–184. (p. 157)

Lynne, S. D., Graber, J. A., Nichols, T. R., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Botvin, G. J. (2007). Links between pubertal timing, peer influences, and externalizing behaviors among urban students followed through middle school. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 181.e7–181.e13. (p. 86)

Lyons, L. (2005, January 4). Teens stay true to parents’ political perspectives. Gallup Poll News Service (www.gallup.com). (p. 91)

Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. American Psychologist, 56, 239–249. (p. 304)

Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). The How of happiness. New York: Penguin. (p. 301)

Maas, J. B., & Robbins, R. S. (2010). Sleep for success: Everything you must know about sleep but are too tired to ask. Bloomington, IN: Author House. (p. 56)

Maass, A., D’Ettole, C., & Cadinu, M. (2008). Checkmate? The role of gender stereotypes in the ultimate intellectual sport. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 231–245. (p. 250)

Macapagal, K. R., Janssen, E., Fridberg, D. J., Finn, P. R., & Heiman, J. R. (2011). The effects of impulsivity, sexual arousability, and abstract intellectual ability on men’s and women’s go/no-go task performance. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 995–1006. (p. 119)

Maccoby, E. E. (1990). Gender and relationships: A developmental account. American Psychologist, 45, 513–520. (p. 109)

Maccoby, E. E. (1998). The paradox of gender. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 110)

MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005). Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 202–223. (p. 266)

MacDonald, T. K., & Hynie, M. (2008). Ambivalence and unprotected sex: Failure to predict sexual activity and decreased condom use. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 1092–1107. (p. 119)

MacDonald, T. K., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (1995). Decision making in altered states: Effects of alcohol on attitudes toward drinking and driving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 973–985. (p. 383)

MacFarlane, A. (1978, February). What a baby knows. Human Nature, pp. 74–81. (p. 73)

Machin, S., & Pekkarinen, T. (2008). Global sex differences in test score variability. Science, 322, 1331–1332. (p. 247)

Macmillan, M., & Lena, M. L. (2010). Rehabilitating Phineas Gage. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17, 1–18. (p. 46)

MacNeilage, P. F., Rogers, L. J., & Vallortigara, G. (2009, July). Origins of the left and right brain. Scientific American, pp. 60–67. (p. 50)

Maddi, S. R., Harvey, R. H., Khoshaba, D. M., Fazel, M., & Resurreccion, N. (2009). Hardiness training facilitates performance in college. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 566–577. (p. B-4)

Maddux, W. W., Adam, H., & Galinsky, A. D. (2010). When in Rome … Learn why the Romans do what they do: How multicultural learning experiences facilitate creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 731–741. (p. 228)

Maddux, W. W., & Galinsky, A. D. (2009). Cultural borders and mental barriers: The relationship between living abroad and creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1047–1061. (p. 228)

Maes, H. H. M., Neale, M. C., & Eaves, L. J. (1997). Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity. Behavior Genetics, 27, 325–351. (p. 262)

Maestripieri, D. (2003). Similarities in affiliation and aggression between cross-fostered rhesus macaque females and their biological mothers. Developmental Psychobiology, 43, 321–327. (p. 72)

Maglaty, J. (2011, April 8). When did girls start wearing pink? Smithsonian. com. (p. 108)

Magnusson, D. (1990). Personality research—challenges for the future. European Journal of Personality, 4, 1–17. (p. 404)

Maguire, E. A., Valentine, E. R., Wilding, J. M., & Kapur, N. (2003). Routes to remembering: The brains behind superior memory. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 90–95. (p. 197)

Maier, S. F., Watkins, L. R., & Fleshner, M. (1994). Psychoneuroimmunology: The interface between behavior, brain, and immunity. American Psychologist, 49, 1004–1017. (pp. 287, 288)

Major, B., Carrington, P. I., & Carnevale, P. J. D. (1984). Physical attractiveness and self-esteem: Attribution for praise from an other-sex evaluator. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 43–50. (p. 360)

Major, B., Schmidlin, A. M., & Williams, L. (1990). Gender patterns in social touch: The impact of setting and age. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 634–643. (p. 109)

Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1981). The effects of media exposure on acceptance of violence against women: A field experiment. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 436–446. (p. 118)

Malkiel, B. (2007). A random walk down Wall Street: The time-tested strategy for successful investing (revised and updated). New York: Norton. (p. 11)

Malloy, E. A. (1994, June 7). Report of the Commission on Substance Abuse at Colleges and Universities, reported by Associated Press. (p. 383)

Malmquist, C. P. (1986). Children who witness parental murder: Post-traumatic aspects. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 320–325. (p. 318)

Malnic, B., Hirono, J., Sato, T., & Buck, L. B. (1999). Combinatorial receptor codes for odors. Cell, 96, 713–723. (p. 158)

Maner, J. K., Kenrick, D. T., Neuberg, S. L., Becker, D. V., Robertson, T., Hofer, B., Delton, A., Butner, J., & Schaller, M. (2005). Functional projection: How fundamental social motives can bias interpersonal perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 63–78. (p. 319)

Mann, T., Tomiyama, A. J., Westling, E., Lew, A-M., Samuels, B., & Chatman, J. (2007). Medicare’s search for effective obesity treatments: Diets are not the answer. American Psychologist, 62, 220–233. (p. 263)

Manson, J. E. (2002). Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 347, 716–725. (p. 297)

Maquet, P. (2001). The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science, 294, 1048–1052. (p. 61)

Mar, R. A., & Oatley, K. (2008). The function of fiction is the abstraction and simulation of social experience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 173–192. (p. 186)

Marangell, L. B., Martinez, M., Jurdi, R. A., & Zboyan, H. (2007). Neurostimulation therapies in depression: A review of new modalities. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116, 174–181. (p. 428)

Margolis, M. L. (2000). Brahms’ lullaby revisited: Did the composer have obstructive sleep apnea? Chest, 118, 210–213. (p. 60)

Marinak, B. A., & Gambrell, L. B. (2008). Intrinsic motivation and rewards: What sustains young children’s engagement with text? Literacy Research and Instruction, 47, 9–26. (p. 184)

Marks, I., & Cavanagh, K. (2009). Computer-aided psychological treatments: Evolving issues. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 121–141. (p. 419)

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253. (p. 423)

Markus, H. R., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954–969. (p. 328)

Marlatt, G. A. (1991). Substance abuse: Etiology, prevention, and treatment issues. Master lecture, American Psychological Association convention. (p. 383)

Marley, J., & Bulia, S. (2001). Crimes against people with mental illness: Types, perpetrators and influencing factors. Social Work, 46, 115–124. (p. 376)

Marshall, M. J. (2002). Why spanking doesn’t work. Springville, UT: Bonneville Books. (p. 178)

Marshall, R. D., Bryant, R. A., Amsel, L., Suh, E. J., Cook, J. M., & Neria, Y. (2007). The psychology of ongoing threat: Relative risk appraisal, the September 11 attacks, and terrorism-related fears. American Psychologist, 62, 304–316. (p. 222)

Marteau, T. M. (1989). Framing of information: Its influences upon decisions of doctors and patients. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 89–94. (p. 224)

Marteau, T. M., Hollands, G. J., & Fletcher, P. C. (2012). Changing human behavior to prevent disease: The importance of targeting automatic processes. Science, 337, 1492–1495. (p. 261)

Martin, C. K., Anton, S. D., Walden, H., Arnett, C., Greenway, F. L., & Williamson, D. A. (2007). Slower eating rate reduces the food intake of men, but not women: Implications for behavioural weight control. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2349–2359. (p. 264)

Martin, C. L., & Ruble, D. (2004). Children’s search for gender cues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 67–70. (p. 114)

Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 903–933. (p. 114)

Martin, R. J., White, B. D., & Hulsey, M. G. (1991). The regulation of body weight. American Scientist, 79, 528–541. (p. 260)

Martino, S. C., Collins, R. L., Kanouse, D. E., Elliott, M., & Berry, S. H. (2005). Social cognitive processes mediating the relationship between exposure to television’s sexual content and adolescents’ sexual behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 914–924. (p. 119)

Martins, Y., Preti, G., Crabtree, C. R., & Wysocki, C. J. (2005). Preference for human body odors is influenced by gender and sexual orientation. Psychological Science, 16, 694–701. (p. 123)

Marx, D. M., Ko, S. J., & Friedman, R. A. (2009). The “Obama effect”: How a salient role model reduces race-based performance differences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 953–956. (p. 250)

Masicampo, E. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2008). Toward a physiology of dual-process reasoning and judgment: Lemonade, willpower, and the expensive rule-based analysis. Psychological Science, 19, 255–260. (p. 293)

Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row. (pp. 257, 319)

Maslow, A. H. (1971). The farther reaches of human nature. New York: Viking Press. (p. 257)

Mason, C., & Kandel, E. R. (1991). Central visual pathways. In E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz, & T. M. Jessell (Eds.), Principles of neural science (3rd ed.). New York: Elsevier. (p. 33)

Mason, H. (2003, September 2). Americans, Britons at odds on animal testing. Gallup Poll News Service (http://www.gallup.com). (p. 21)

Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T., & Macrae, C. N. (2007). Wandering minds: The default network and stimulus-independent thought. Science, 315, 393–395. (p. 318)

Mason, R. A., & Just, M. A. (2004). How the brain processes causal inferences in text. Psychological Science, 15, 1–7. (p. 50)

Mason, W. A., Hitch, J. E., Kosterman, R., McCarty, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., & Hawkins, J. D. (2010). Growth in adolescent delinquency and alcohol use in relation to young adult crime, alcohol use disorders, and risky sex: A comparison of youth from low versus middle-income backgrounds. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 1377–1385. (p. 119)

Masse, L. C., & Tremblay, R. E. (1997). Behavior of boys in kindergarten and the onset of substance use during adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 62–68. (p. 388)

Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Huber, R., Esser, S. K., Singh, H., & Tononi, G. (2005). Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep. Science, 309, 2228–2232. (p. 53)

Master, S. L., Eisenberger, N. I., Taylor, S. E., Naliboff, B. D., Shirinyan, D., & Lieberman, M. D. (2009). A picture’s worth: Partner photographs reduce experimentally induced pain. Psychological Science, 20, 1316–1318. (p. 296)

Masters, K. S. (2010). The role of religion in therapy: Time for psychologists to have a little faith? Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 393–400. (p. 423)

Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston: Little, Brown. (p. 116)

Mastroianni, G. R. (2002). Milgram and the Holocaust: A reexamination. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 22, 158–173. (p. 345)

Mastroianni, G. R., & Reed, G. (2006). Apples, barrels, and Abu Ghraib. Sociological Focus, 39, 239–250. (p. 340)

Masuda, T., & Kitayama, S. (2004). Perceiver-induced constraint and attitude attribution in Japan and the US: A case for the cultural dependence of the correspondence bias. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 409–416. (p. 338)

Mataix-Cols, D., Rosario-Campos, M. C., & Leckman, J. F. (2005). A multidimensional model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 228–238. (p. 381)

Mataix-Cols, D., Wooderson, S., Lawrence, N., Brammer, M. J., Speckens, A., & Phillips, M. L. (2004). Distinct neural correlates of washing, checking, and hoarding symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 564–576. (p. 381)

Mather, M., & Sutherland, M. (2012, February). The selective effects of emotional arousal on memory. APA Science Brief (www.apa.org). (p. 201)

Matson, J. L., & Boisjoli, J. A. (2009). The token economy for children with intellectual disability and/or autism: A review. Research on Developmental Disabilities, 30, 240–248. (p. 416)

Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1989). American-Japanese cultural differences in intensity ratings of facial expressions of emotion. Motivation and Emotion, 13, 143–157. (p. 276)

Matsumoto, D., & Willingham, B. (2006). The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat: Spontaneous expressions of medal winners of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 568–581. (p. 277)

Matsumoto, D., & Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion of congenitally and noncongenitally blind individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1–10. (p. 277)

Matthews, R. N., Domjan, M., Ramsey, M., & Crews, D. (2007). Learning effects on sperm competition and reproductive fitness. Psychological Science, 18, 758–762. (p. 171)

Maurer, D., & Maurer, C. (1988). The world of the newborn. New York: Basic Books. (p. 73)

Mauss, I. B., Shallcross, A. J., Troy, A. S., John, O. P., Ferrer, E., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2011). Don’t hide your happiness! Positive emotion dissociation, social connectedness, and psychological functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 738–748. (p. 301)

May, C., & Hasher, L. (1998). Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over thought and action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 363–380. (p. 52)

May, P. A., & Gossage, J. P. (2001). Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome: A summary. Alcohol Research and Health, 25, 159–167. (p. 71)

Mayberg, H. S., Lozano, A. M., Voon, V., McNeely, H. E., Seminowicz, D., Hamani, C., Schwalb, J. M., & Kennedy, S. H. (2005). Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron, 45, 651–660. (p. 428)

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2002). The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test (MSCEIT). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems, Inc. (p. 238)

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63, 503–517. (p. 238)

Mazure, C., Keita, G., & Blehar, M. (2002). Summit on women and depression: Proceedings and recommendations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (www.apa.org/pi/wpo/women&depression.pdf). (p. 395)

Mazzoni, G., & Memon, A. (2003). Imagination can create false autobiographical memories. Psychological Science, 14, 186–188. (p. 210)

Mazzoni, G., Scoboria, A., & Harvey, L. (2010). Nonbelieved memories. Psychological Science, 21, 1334–1340. (p. 210)

McAndrew, F. T. (2009). The interacting roles of testosterone and challenges to status in human male aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 330–335. (p. 354)

McAneny, L. (1996, September). Large majority think government conceals information about UFO’s. Gallup Poll Monthly, pp. 23–26. (p. 211)

McBurney, D. H. (1996). How to think like a psychologist: Critical thinking in psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 46)

McBurney, D. H., & Gent, J. F. (1979). On the nature of taste qualities. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 151–167. (p. 157)

McCain, N. L., Gray, D. P., Elswick, R. K., Jr., Robins, J. W., Tuck, I., Walter, J. M., Rausch, S. M., & Ketchum, J. M. (2008). A randomized clinical trial of alternative stress management interventions in persons with HIV infection. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 431–441. (p. 288)

McCann, I. L., & Holmes, D. S. (1984). Influence of aerobic exercise on depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1142–1147. (p. 297)

McCann, U. D., Eligulashvili, V., & Ricaurte, G. A. (2001). (+/−)3,4-Methyl-enedioxymethamphetamine (‘Ecstasy’)-induced serotonin neurotoxicity: Clinical studies. Neuropsychobiology, 42, 11–16. (p. 386)

McCarthy, P. (1986, July). Scent: The tie that binds? Psychology Today, pp. 6, 10. (p. 158)

McCauley, C. R. (2002). Psychological issues in understanding terrorism and the response to terrorism. In C. E. Stout (Ed.), The psychology of terrorism (Vol. 3). Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood. (p. 348)

McCauley, C. R., & Segal, M. E. (1987). Social psychology of terrorist groups. In C. Hendrick (Ed.), Group processes and intergroup relations. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. (p. 348)

McClendon, B. T., & Prentice-Dunn, S. (2001). Reducing skin cancer risk: An intervention based on protection motivation theory. Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 321–328. (p. 339)

McClintock, M. K., & Herdt, G. (1996, December). Rethinking puberty: The development of sexual attraction. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5(6), 178–183. (p. 111)

McClung, M., & Collins, D. (2007). “Because I know it will!”: Placebo effects of an ergogenic aid on athletic performance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 382–394. (p. 18)

McConnell, R. A. (1991). National Academy of Sciences opinion on parapsychology. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 85, 333–365. (p. 161)

McCool, G. (1999, October 26). Mirror-gazing Venezuelans top of vanity stakes. Toronto Star (via web.lexis-nexis.com). (p. 360)

McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1986). Clinical assessment can benefit from recent advances in personality psychology. American Psychologist, 41, 1001–1003. (p. 324)

McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2008). The Five-Factor Theory of personality. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford. (p. 324)

McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Jr., Ostendorf, F., Angleitner, A., Hrebickova, M., Avia, M. D., Sanz, J., Sanchez-Bernardos, M. L., Kusdil, M. E., Woodfield, R., Saunders, P. R., & Smith, P. B. (2000). Nature over nurture: Temperament, personality, and life span development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 173–186. (p. 73)

McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., & 78 others. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer’s perspective: Data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 547–561. (p. 324)

McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., & Khoury, B. (2007). Dolce far niente: The positive psychology of personality stability and invariance. In A. D. Ong & M. H. Van Dulmen (Eds.), Oxford handbook of methods in positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 73)

McCullough, M. E., Hoyt, W. T., Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., & Thoresen, C. (2000). Religious involvement and mortality: A meta-analytic review. Health Psychology, 19, 211–222. (p. 299)

McCullough, M. E., & Laurenceau, J-P. (2005). Religiousness and the trajectory of self-rated health across adulthood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 560–573. (p. 299)

McDaniel, M. A., Howard, D. C., & Einstein, G. O. (2009). The read-recite-review study strategy: Effective and portable. Psychological Science, 20, 516–522. (pp. 23, 25, 62, 102, 129, 163, 189, 198, 215, 250, 279, 307, 333, 367, 404, 433, A-8, B-8)

McDaniel, M. A. (2012). Put the SPRINT in knowledge training: Training with SPacing, Retrieval, and INTerleaving. In M. McDaniel (ed.), Training cognition: Optimizing efficiency, durability, and generalizability, pp. 267–286. New York: Psychology Press. (p. 198)

McDougall, C. (2011). Born to run: A hidden tribe, superathletes, and the greatest race the world has never seen. New York: Vintage. (p. 430)

McGaugh, J. L. (1994). Quoted by B. Bower, Stress hormones hike emotional memories. Science News, 146, 262. (p. 200)

McGaugh, J. L. (2003). Memory and emotion: The making of lasting memories. New York: Columbia University Press. (p. 200)

McGhee, P. E. (June, 1976). Children’s appreciation of humor: A test of the cognitive congruency principle. Child Development, 47(2), 420–426. (p. 79)

McGrath, J. J., & Welham, J. L. (1999). Season of birth and schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data from the Southern hemisphere. Schizophrenia Research, 35, 237–242. (p. 399)

McGrath, J. J., Welham, J., & Pemberton, M. (1995). Month of birth, hemisphere of birth and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 783–785. (p. 399)

McGue, M., & Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (1998). Genetic and environmental influences on human behavioral differences. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 21, 1–24. (p. 72)

McGue, M., Bouchard, T. J., Jr., Iacono, W. G., & Lykken, D. T. (1993). Behavioral genetics of cognitive ability: A life-span perspective. In R. Plomin & G. E. McClearn (Eds.), Nature, nurture and psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 243)

McGuire, W. J. (1986). The myth of massive media impact: Savings and salvagings. In G. Comstock (Ed.), Public communication and behavior. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. (p. 188)

McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264, 746–748. (p. 160)

McHugh, P. R. (1995a). Witches, multiple personalities, and other psychiatric artifacts. Nature Medicine, 1(2), 110–114. (p. 402)

McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (1998). Coming out in the age of the Internet: Identity “demarginalization” through virtual group participation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 681–694. (p. 359)

McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (2000). Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 57–75. (p. 359)

McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2002). What’s the big attraction? Relationship formation on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 9–31. (p. 359)

McLaughlin, M. (2010, October 2). JK Rowling: Depression, the ‘terrible place that allowed me to come back stronger.’ The Scotsman (www.scotsman.com). (p. 394)

McMurray, B. (2007). Defusing the childhood vocabulary explosion. Science, 317, 631. (p. 230)

McMurray, C. (2004, January 13). U.S., Canada, Britain: Who’s getting in shape? Gallup Poll Tuesday Briefing (www.gallup.com). (p. 297)

McNally, R. J. (2003a). Progress and controversy in the study of post-traumatic stress disorder. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 229–252. (p. 379)

McNally, R. J. (2003b). Remembering trauma. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 213)

McNally, R. J. (2007). Betrayal trauma theory: A critical appraisal. Memory, 15, 280–294. (p. 213)

McNally, R. J. (2012). Are we winning the war against posttraumatic stress disorder? Science, 336, 872–874. (p. 379)

McNally, R. J., Bryant, R. A., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Does early psychological intervention promote recovery from post-traumatic stress? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 45–79. (p. 379)

McNally, R. J., & Geraerts, E. (2009). A new solution to the recovered memory debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 126–134. (p. 213)

McNeil, B. J., Pauker, S. G., & Tversky, A. (1988). On the framing of medical decisions. In D. E. Bell, H. Raiffa, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Decision making: Descriptive, normative, and prescriptive interactions. New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 224)

McWhorter, J. (2012, April 23). Talking with your fingers. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 266)

Meador, B. D., & Rogers, C. R. (1984). Person-centered therapy. In R. J. Corsini (Ed.), Current psychotherapies (3rd ed.). Itasca, IL: Peacock. (p. 413)

Medical Institute for Sexual Health. (1994, April). Condoms ineffective against human papilloma virus. Sexual Health Update, p. 2. (p. 117)

Mednick, S. A., Huttunen, M. O., & Machon, R. A. (1994). Prenatal influenza infections and adult schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 263–267. (p. 399)

Medvec, V. H., Madey, S. F., & Gilovich, T. (1995). When less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 603–610. (p. 331)

Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2003). The sounds of social life: A psychometric analysis of students’ daily social environments and natural conversations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 857–870. (p. 14)

Mehl, M. R., Vazire, S., Holleran, S. E., & Clark, C. S. (2010). Eavesdropping on happiness: Well-being is related to having less small talk and more substantive conversations. Psychological Science, 21, 539–541. (p. 306)

Mehta, M. R. (2007). Cortico-hippocampal interaction during up-down states and memory consolidation. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 13–15. (p. 200)

Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive-behavior modification: An integrative approach. New York: Plenum Press. (p. 418)

Meichenbaum, D. (1985). Stress inoculation training. New York: Pergamon. (p. 418)

Meltzoff, A. N., Kuhl, P. K., Movellan, J., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2009). Foundations for a new science of learning. Science, 325, 284–288. (pp. 186, 230)

Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. K. (1997). Explaining facial imitation: A theoretical model. Early Development and Parenting, 6, 179–192. (p. 186)

Melzack, R. (1992, April). Phantom limbs. Scientific American, pp. 120–126. (p. 155)

Melzack, R. (1993). Distinguished contribution series. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 615–629. (p. 155)

Melzack, R. (1998, February). Quoted in Phantom limbs. Discover, p. 20. (p. 155)

Mendes, E. (2009, May 26). In U.S., nearly half exercise less than three days a week. www.gallup.com. (p. 297)

Mendes, E. (2010, February 9). Six in 10 overweight or obese in U.S., more in ’09 than in ’08. www.gallup.com. (p. 261)

Mendes, E., & McGeeney, K. (2012, July 9). Women’s health trails men’s most in former Soviet Union. Gallup (www.gallup.com). (p. 393)

Mendle, J., Turkheimer, E., & Emery, R. E. (2007). Detrimental psychological outcomes associated with early pubertal timing in adolescent girls. Developmental Review, 27, 151–171. (p. 86)

Mendolia, M., & Kleck, R. E. (1993). Effects of talking about a stressful event on arousal: Does what we talk about make a difference? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 283–292. (p. 296)

Merari, A. (2002). Explaining suicidal terrorism: Theories versus empirical evidence. Invited address to the American Psychological Association. (p. 348)

Merskey, H. (1992). The manufacture of personalities: The production of multiple personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 327–340. (p. 402)

Merzenich, M. (2007). Quoted at Posit Science Brain Fitness Program (www.positscience.com). (p. 97)

Mesch, G. (2001). Social relationships and Internet use among adolescents in Israel. Social Science Quarterly, 82, 329–340. (p. 267)

Messias, E., Eaton, W. W., Grooms, A. N. (2011). Economic grand rounds: Income inequality and depression prevalence across the United States: An ecological study. Psychiatric Services, 62, 710–712. (p. 356)

Meston, C. M., & Buss, D. M. (2007). Why humans have sex. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 477–507. (p. 118)

Metzler, D. (2011, Spring). Vocabulary growth in adult cross-fostered chimpanzees. Friends of Washoe, 32(3), 11–13. (p. 234)

Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (1995). Psychoneuroendocrinology and sexual pleasure: The aspect of sexual orientation. In P. R. Abramson & S. D. Pinkerton (Eds.), Sexual nature/sexual culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (p. 124)

Meyerbröker, K., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2010). Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: A systematic review of process-and-outcome studies. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 933–944. (p. 415)

Michael, R. B., Garry, M., & Kirsch, I. (2012). Suggestion, cognition, and behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 151–156. (p. 18)

Middlebrooks, J. C., & Green, D. M. (1991). Sound localization by human listeners. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 135–159. (p. 154)

Miers, R. (2009, Spring). Calum’s road. Scottish Life, pp. 36–39, 75. (p. B-4)

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2001). Attachment theory and intergroup bias: Evidence that priming the secure base schema attenuates negative reactions to out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 97–115. (p. 353)

Milan, R. J., Jr., & Kilmann, P. R. (1987). Interpersonal factors in premarital contraception. Journal of Sex Research, 23, 289–321. (p. 119)

Miles, D. R., & Carey, G. (1997). Genetic and environmental architecture of human aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 207–217. (p. 354)

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378. (p. 343)

Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority. New York: Harper & Row. (pp. 343, 344, 346)

Miller, G. (2004). Axel, Buck share award for deciphering how the nose knows. Science, 306, 207. (p. 158)

Miller, G. (2005). The dark side of glia. Science, 308, 778–781. (p. 30)

Miller, G. (2010). Anything but child’s play. Science, 327, 1192–1193. (p. 392)

Miller, G. (2012). Drone wars: Are remotely piloted aircraft changing the nature of war? Science, 336, 842–843. (p. 345)

Miller, G. (2012). The Smartphone psychology manifesto. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 221–237. (p. 14)

Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81–97. (p. 196)

Miller, H. C., Pattison, K. F., DeWall, C. N., Rayburn-Reeves, R., & Zentall, T. R. (2010). Self-control without a “self”? Common self-control processes in humans and dogs. Psychological Science, 21, 534–538. (p. 293)

Miller, J. G., & Bersoff, D. M. (1995). Development in the context of everyday family relationships: Culture, interpersonal morality and adaptation. In M. Killen & D. Hart (Eds.), Morality in everyday life: A developmental perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 88)

Miller, L. K. (1999). The savant syndrome: Intellectual impairment and exceptional skill. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 31–46. (p. 236)

Miller, M., Azrael, D., & Hemenway, D. (2002). Household firearm ownership levels and suicide across U.S. regions and states, 1988–1997. Epidemiology, 13, 517–524. (p. 392)

Miller, P. (2012, January). A thing or two about twins. National Geographic, pp. 38–65. (p. 72)

Mineka, S. (1985). The frightful complexity of the origins of fears. In F. R. Brush & J. B. Overmier (Eds.), Affect, conditioning and cognition: Essays on the determinants of behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 380)

Mineka, S. (2002). Animal models of clinical psychology. In N. Smelser & P. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences. Oxford, England: Elsevier Science. (p. 380)

Mineka, S., & Zinbarg, R. (1996). Conditioning and ethological models of anxiety disorders: Stress-in-dynamic-context anxiety models. In D. Hope (Ed.), Perspectives on anxiety, panic, and fear (Nebraska Symposium on Motivation). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. (pp. 381, 432)

Mineka, S., & Zinbarg, R. (2006). A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders: It’s not what you thought it was. American Psychologist, 61, 10–26. (p. 379)

Minsky, M. (1986). The society of mind. New York: Simon & Schuster. (p. 37)

Mischel, W. (1968). Personality and assessment. New York: Wiley. (p. 325)

Mischel, W. (1981). Current issues and challenges in personality. In L. T. Benjamin, Jr. (Ed.), The G. Stanley Hall Lecture Series (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 328)

Mischel, W. (1984). Convergences and challenges in the search for consistency. American Psychologist, 39, 351–364. (p. 325)

Mischel, W. (2004). Toward an integrative science of the person. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 1–22. (p. 325)

Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246–268. (p. 325)

Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 687–696. (pp. 88, 176)

Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933–938. (pp. 88, 176)

Mishkin, M. (1982). A memory system in the monkey. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 298, 83–95. (p. 200)

Mishkin, M., Suzuki, W. A., Gadian, D. G., & Vargha-Khadem, F. (1997). Hierarchical organization of cognitive memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 352, 1461–1467. (p. 200)

Mita, T. H., Dermer, M., & Knight, J. (1977). Reversed facial images and the mere-exposure hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 597–601. (p. 360)

Mitani, J. C., Watts, D. P., & Amsler, S. J. (2010). Lethal intergroup aggression leads to territorial expansion in wild chimpanzees. Current Biology, 20, R507–R509. (p. 229)

Mitchell, K. J., & Porteous, D. J. (2011). Rethinking the genetic architecture of schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 41, 19–32. (p. 400)

Mitte, K. (2008). Memory bias for threatening information in anxiety and anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 886–911. (p. 376)

Mobbs, D., Yu, R., Meyer, M., Passamonti, L., Seymour, B., Calder, A. J., Schweizer, S., Frith, C. D., & Dalgeish, T. (2009). A key role for similarity in vicarious reward. Science, 324, 900. (p. 185)

Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., & Milne, B. J. (2002). Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 179–207. (p. 102)

Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., Melchior, M., Goldberg, D., & Poulton, R. (2007a). Generalized anxiety disorder and depression: Childhood risk factors in a birth cohort followed to age 32. Psychological Medicine, 37, 441–452. (p. 377)

Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Caspi, A., Kim-Cohen, J., Goldberg, D., Gregory, A. M., & Poulton, R. (2007b). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 651–660. (p. 377)

Moffitt, T. E., & 12 others. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 2693–2698. (p. 293)

Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). The staircase to terrorism: A psychological exploration. American Psychologist, 60, 161–169. (p. 348)

Mondloch, C. J., Lewis, T. L., Budreau, D. R., Maurer, D., Dannemiller, J. L., Stephens, B. R., & Kleiner-Gathercoal, K. A. (1999). Face perception during early infancy. Psychological Science, 10, 419–422. (p. 73)

Money, J. (1987). Sin, sickness, or status? Homosexual gender identity and psychoneuroendocrinology. American Psychologist, 42, 384–399. (p. 124)

Money, J., Berlin, F. S., Falck, A., & Stein, M. (1983). Antiandrogenic and counseling treatment of sex offenders. Baltimore: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (p. 116)

Montag, C., Weber, B., Trautner, P., Newport, B., Markett, S., Walter, N. T., Felten, A., & Reuter, M. (2012). Does excessive play of violent first-person-shooter-video-games dampen brain activity in response to emotional stimuli? Biological Psychology, 89, 107–111. (p. 357)

Montoya, E. R., Terburg, D., Box, P. A., & van Honk, J. (2012). Testosterone, cortisol, and serotonin as key regulators of social aggression: A review and theoretical perspective. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 65–73. (p. 354)

Moody, R. (1976). Life after life. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. (p. 387)

Mook, D. G. (1983). In defense of external invalidity. American Psychologist, 38, 379–387. (p. 21)

Moore, D. W. (2004, December 17). Sweet dreams go with a good night’s sleep. Gallup News Service (www.gallup.com). (p. 55)

Moore, D. W. (2005, June 16). Three in four Americans believe in paranormal. Gallup New Service (www.gallup.com). (p. 161)

Moore, D. W. (2006, March 10). Close to 6 in 10 Americans want to lose weight. Gallup News Service (poll.gallup.com). (p. 263)

Morales, L. (2011, May 27). U.S. adults estimate that 25% of Americans are gay or lesbian. www.gallup.com. (p. 121)

More, H. L., Hutchinson, J. R., Collins, D. F., Weber, D. J., Aung, S. K. H., & Donelan, J. M. (2010). Scaling of sensorimotor control in terrestrial mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 277, 3563–3568. (p. 30)

Moreines, J. L., McClintock, S. M., & Holtzheimer, P. E. (2011). Neuropsychologic effects of neuromodulation techniques for treatment-resistant depression: A review. Brain Stimulation, 4, 17–27. (p. 428)

Moreira, M. T., Smith, L. A., & Foxcroft, D. (2009). Social norms interventions to reduce alcohol misuse in university or college students. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009, Issue 3., Art. No. C06748. (p. 389)

Moreland, R. L., & Beach, S. R. (1992). Exposure effects in the classroom: The development of affinity among students. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 255–276. (p. 359)

Moreland, R. L., & Zajonc, R. B. (1982). Exposure effects in person perception: Familiarity, similarity, and attraction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 395–415. (p. 359)

Morelli, G. A., Rogoff, B., Oppenheim, D., & Goldsmith, D. (1992). Cultural variation in infants’ sleeping arrangements: Questions of independence. Developmental Psychology, 26, 604–613. (p. 85)

Moreno, C., Laje, G., Blanco, C., Jiang, H., Schmidt, A. B., & Olfson, M. (2007). National trends in the outpatient diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in youth. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 1032–1039. (p. 392)

Morey, R. A., Inan, S., Mitchell, T. V., Perkins, D. O., Lieberman, J. A., & Belger, A. (2005). Imaging frontostriatal function in ultra-high-risk, early, and chronic schizophrenia during executive processing. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 254–262. (p. 398)

Morgan, A. B., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2000). A meta-analytic review of the relation between antisocial behavior and neuropsychological measures of executive function. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 113–136. (p. 404)

Mori, K., & Mori, H. (2009). Another test of the passive facial feedback hypothesis: When your face smiles, you feel happy. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 109, 1–3. (p. 279)

Morrison, A. R. (2003). The brain on night shift. Cerebrum, 5(3), 23–36. (p. 55)

Mortensen, P. B. (1999). Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 603–608. (p. 399)

Moruzzi, G., & Magoun, H. W. (1949). Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1, 455–473. (p. 39)

Moscovici, S. (1985). Social influence and conformity. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (3rd ed). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 346)

Moses, E. B., & Barlow, D. H. (2006). A new unified treatment approach for emotional disorders based on emotion science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 146–150. (p. 418)

Mosher, C. E., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2008). Agentic and communal personality traits: Relations to disordered eating behavior, body shape concern, and depressive symptoms. Eating Behaviors, 9, 497–500. (p. 114)

Mosher, D. L., & Anderson, R. D. (1986). Macho personality, sexual aggression, and reactions to guided imagery of realistic rape. Journal of Research in Personality, 20, 77–94. (p. 382)

Mosing, M. A., Zietsch, B. P., Shekar, S. N., Wright, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (2009). Genetic and environmental influences on optimism and its relationship to mental and self-rated health: A study of aging twins. Behavior Genetics, 39, 597–604. (p. 294)

Moss, H. A., & Susman, E. J. (1980). Longitudinal study of personality development. In O. G. Brim, Jr., & J. Kagan (Eds.), Constancy and change in human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 102)

Moyer, K. E. (1983). The physiology of motivation: Aggression as a model. In C. J. Scheier & A. M. Rogers (Eds.), G. Stanley Hall Lecture Series (Vol. 3). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 355)

Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A., III. (2003). Modeling intra-individual change in personality traits: Findings from the Normative Aging Study. Journals of Gerontology: Series B. Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58, P153–P165. (p. 324)

Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A., III. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the Veterans Affairs normative aging study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 189–202. (p. 305)

Muller, J. E., Mittleman, M. A., Maclure, M., Sherwood, J. B., & Tofler, G. H. (1996). Triggering myocardial infarction by sexual activity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, 1405–1409. (p. 116)

Muller, J. E., & Verrier, R. L. (1996). Triggering of sudden death—Lessons from an earthquake. New England Journal of Medicine, 334, 461. (p. 285)

Mullin, C. R., & Linz, D. (1995). Desensitization and resensitization to violence against women: Effects of exposure to sexually violent films on judgments of domestic violence victims. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 449–459. (p. 188)

Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. B-3)

Murray, H. A., & Wheeler, D. R. (1937). A note on the possible clairvoyance of dreams. Journal of Psychology, 3, 309–313. (p. 162)

Murray, R., Jones, P., O’Callaghan, E., Takei, N., & Sham, P. (1992). Genes, viruses, and neurodevelopmental schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 26, 225–235. (p. 399)

Murray, R. M., Morrison, P. D., Henquet, C., & Di Forti, M. (2007). Cannabis, the mind and society: The hash realities. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 8, 885–895. (p. 388)

Murray, S. L., Bellavia, G. M., Rose, P., & Griffin, D. W. (2003). Once hurt, twice hurtful: How perceived regard regulates daily marital interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 126–147. (p. 139)

Musick, M. A., Herzog, A. R., & House, J. S. (1999). Volunteering and mortality among older adults: Findings from a national sample. Journals of Gerontology, 54B, 173–180. (p. 300)

Mustanski, B. S., & Bailey, J. M. (2003). A therapist’s guide to the genetics of human sexual orientation. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 18, 1468–1479. (p. 123)

Myers, D. G. (1993). The pursuit of happiness. New York: Harper. (pp. 305, 306)

Myers, D. G. (2000). The American paradox: Spiritual hunger in an age of plenty. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (p. 305)

Myers, D. G. (2001, December). Do we fear the right things? American Psychological Society Observer, p. 3. (p. 224)

Myers, D. G. (2002). Intuition: Its powers and perils. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (p. 11)

Myers, D. G. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. (p. 330)

Myers, D. G., & Bishop, G. D. (1970). Discussion effects on racial attitudes. Science, 169, 778–779. (p. 348)

Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10–19. (p. 305)

Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1996, May). The pursuit of happiness. Scientific American. (p. 305)

Myers, D. G., & Scanzoni, L. D. (2005). What God has joined together? San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. (p. 121)

Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 683–698. (p. 401)

Mykletun, A., Bjerkeset, O., Øverland, S., & Prince, M. (2009). Levels of anxiety and depression as predictors of mortality: The HUNT study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 118–125. (p. 290)

Nagourney, A. (2002, September 25). For remarks on Iraq, Gore gets praise and scorn. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 339)

Nanni, V., Uher, R., & Danese, A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 141–151. (p. 83)

Napolitan, D. A., & Goethals, G. R. (1979). The attribution of friendliness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 105–113. (p. 338)

Narvaez, D. (2010). Moral complexity: The fatal attraction of truthiness and the importance of mature moral functioning. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 163–181. (p. 88)

National Academy of Sciences. (2001). Exploring the biological contributions to human health: Does sex matter? Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press. (p. 112)

National Center for Health Statistics. (1990). Health, United States, 1989. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (p. 96)

National Center for Health Statistics. (2004, December 15). Marital status and health: United States, 1999–2002 (by Charlotte A. Schoenborn). Advance Data from Vital and Human Statistics, number 351. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (p. 295)

National Institute of Mental Health. (2008). The numbers count: Mental disorders in America. (nimh.nih.gov). (p. 371)

National Institute of Mental Health. (2012, accessed October 30). The numbers count: Mental disorders in America (citing a 2005 analysis). www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-numbers-count-mental-disorders-in-america/index.shtml. (p. 371)

National Safety Council. (2010, January 12). NSC estimates 1.6 million crashes caused by cell phone use and texting. www.nsc.org. (p. 51)

National Sleep Foundation. (2009) 2009 sleep in America poll: Summary of findings. Washington, DC: National Sleep Foundation (www.sleepfoundation.org). (p. 59)

Naumann, L. P., Vazire, S., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2009). Personality judgments based on physical appearance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1661–1671. (p. 326)

Nayak, M. B., Byrne, C. A., Martin, M. K., & Abraham, A. G. (2003). Attitudes toward violence against women: A cross-nation study. Sex Roles, 9, 333–342. (p. 356)

Nazimek, J. (2009). Active body, healthy mind. The Psychologist, 22, 206–208. (p. 95)

Nedeltcheva, A. V., Kilkus, J. M., Imperial, J., Schoeller, D. A., & Penev, P. D. (2010). Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity. Annals of Internal Medicine, 153, 435–441. (p. 262)

NEEF. (2011; undated, accessed 17 June 2011). Fact sheet: children’s health and nature. National Environmental Education Foundation (www.neefusa.org). (p. 430)

Neese, R. M. (1991, November/December). What good is feeling bad? The evolutionary benefits of psychic pain. The Sciences, pp. 30–37. (pp. 154, 182)

Neidorf, S., & Morin, R. (2007, May 23). Four-in-ten Americans have close friends or relatives who are gay. Pew Research Center Publications (pewresearch.org). (p. 366)

Neimeyer, R. A., & Currier, J. M. (2009). Grief therapy: Evidence of efficacy and emerging directions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 352–356. (p. 101)

Neisser, U. (1979). The control of information pickup in selective looking. In A. D. Pick (Ed.), Perception and its development: A tribute to Eleanor J. Gibson. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 51)

Neitz, J., Carroll, J., & Neitz, M. (2001). Color vision: Almost reason enough for having eyes. Optics & Photonics News 12, 26–33. (p. 144)

Nelson, C. A., III, Furtado, E. Z., Fox, N. A., & Zeanah, C. H., Jr. (2009). The deprived human brain. American Scientist, 97, 222–229. (p. 83)

Nelson, M. D., Saykin, A. J., Flashman, L. A., & Riordan, H. J. (1998). Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 433–440. (p. 398)

Neria, Y., DiGrande, L., & Adams, B. G. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: A review of the literature among highly exposed populations. American Psychologist, 66, 429–446. (p. 379)

Nes, R. B. (2010). Happiness in behaviour genetics: Findings and implications. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 369–381. (p. 306)

Nesca, M., & Koulack, D. (1994). Recognition memory, sleep and circadian rhythms. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48, 359–379. (p. 208)

Nestler, E. J. (2011, December). Hidden switches in the mind. Scientific American, pp. 77–83. (p. 395)

Nestoriuc, Y., Rief, W., & Martin, A. (2008). Meta-analysis of biofeedback for tension-type headache: Efficacy, specificity, and treatment moderators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 379–396. (p. 298)

Neubauer, D. N. (1999). Sleep problems in the elderly. American Family Physician, 59, 2551–2558. (p. 54)

Neumann, R., & Strack, F. (2000). “Mood contagion”: The automatic transfer of mood between persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 211–223. (p. 278)

Nevicka, B., Ten Velden, F. S., De Hoogh, A. H. B., & Van Vianen, A. E. M. (2011). Reality at odds with perceptions: Narcissistic leaders and group performance. Psychological Science, 22, 1259–1264. (p. 330)

Newcomb, M. D., & Harlow, L. L. (1986). Life events and substance use among adolescents: Mediating effects of perceived loss of control and meaninglessness in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 564–577. (p. 389)

Newport, F. (2001, February). Americans see women as emotional and affectionate, men as more aggressive. The Gallup Poll Monthly, pp. 34–38. (p. 275)

Newport, F. (2002, July 29). Bush job approval update. Gallup News Service (www.gallup.com/poll/releases/pr020729.asp). (p. 366)

Newport, F., Argrawal, S., & Witters, D. (2010, December 23). Very religious Americans lead healthier lives. Gallup (www.gallup.com). (p. 300)

Newport, F., Jones, J. M., Saad, L., & Carroll, J. (2007, April 27). Gallup poll review: 10 key points about public opinion on Iraq. The Gallup Poll (www.gallluppoll.com). (p. 109)

Newport, F., & Pelham, B. (2009, December 14). Don’t worry, be 80: Worry and stress decline with age. www.gallup.com. (p. 284)

Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Eby, L. T. (2006). Locus of control at work: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1057–1087. (p. 293)

Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Yim, F. H. K. (2009). Does the job satisfaction–job performance relationship vary across cultures? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 761–796. (p. B-4)

Nickell, J. (Ed.) (1994). Psychic sleuths: ESP and sensational cases. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. (p. 162)

Nickell, J. (2005, July/August). The case of the psychic detectives. Skeptical Inquirer (skeptically.org/skepticism/id10.html). (p. 162)

Nickerson, R. S. (2002). The production and perception of randomness. Psychological Review, 109, 330–357. (p. 10)

Nickerson, R. S. (2005). Bertrand’s chord, Buffon’s needles, and the concept of randomness. Thinking & Reasoning, 11, 67–96. (p. 10)

NIDA. (2002). Methamphetamine abuse and addiction. Research Report Series. National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH Publication Number 02–4210. (p. 384)

NIDA. (2005, May). Methamphetamine. NIDA Info Facts. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (p. 384)

NIDCD. (2011). Quick statistics. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (www.nidcd.nih.gov). (p. 153)

Nie, N. H. (2001). Sociability, interpersonal relations and the Internet: Reconciling conflicting findings. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 420–435. (p. 267)

NIH. (2001, July 20). Workshop summary: Scientific evidence on condom effectiveness for sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention. Bethesda: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. (p. 117)

NIH. (2006, December 4). NIDA researchers complete unprecedented scan of human genome that may help unlock the genetic contribution to tobacco addiction. NIH News, National Institutes of Health (www.nih.gov). (p. 388)

NIH. (2010). Teacher’s guide: Information about sleep. National Institutes of Health (www.science.education.nih.gov). (p. 56)

Nikolas, M. A., & Burt, A. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptom dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 1–17. (p. 373)

Nisbett, R. E. (2003). The geography of thought: How Asians and Westerners think differently...and why. New York: Free Press. (p. 338)

Nixon, G. M., Thompson, J. M. D., Han, D. Y., Becroft, D. M., Clark, P. M., Robinson, E., Waldie, K E., Wild, C. J., Black, P. N., & Mitchell, E. A. (2008). Short sleep duration in middle childhood: Risk factors and consequences. Sleep, 31, 71–78. (p. 58)

Nizzi, M. C., Demertzi, A., Gosseries, O., Bruno, M. A., Jouen, F., & Laureys, S. (2012). From armchair to wheelchair: How patients with a locked-in syndrome integrate bodily changes in experienced identity. Consciousness and Cognition, 21, 431–437. (p. 302)

Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 339–363. (p. 392)

Nock, M. K., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 616–623. (p. 392)

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2001). Gender differences in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 173–176. (p. 395)

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Women who think too much: How to break free of overthinking and reclaim your life. New York: Holt. (p. 395)

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Larson, J. (1999). Coping with loss. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 101)

NORC. (2007). National Opinion Research Center (University of Chicago) General Social Survey data, 1972 through 2004, accessed via sda.berkeley.edu. (p. 265)

Norem, J. K. (2001). The positive power of negative thinking: Using defensive pessimism to harness anxiety and perform at your peak. New York: Basic Books. (p. 294)

Norton, M. I., & Ariely, D. (2011). Building a better America—One wealth quintile at a time. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 9–12. (p. A-1)

Nowak, R. (1994). Nicotine scrutinized as FDA seeks to regulate cigarettes. Science, 263, 1555–1556. (p. 385)

NPR. (2009, July 11). Afraid to fly? Try living on a plane. www.npr.org. (p. 173)

Nurmikko, A. V., Donoghue, J. P., Hochberg, L. R., Patterson, W. R., Song, Y-K., Bull, C. W., Borton, D. A., Laiwalla, F., Park, S., Ming, Y., & Aceros, J. (2010). Listening to brain microcircuits for interfacing with external world—Progress in wireless implantable microelectronic neuroengineering devices. Proceedings of the IEEE, 98, 375–388. (p. 44)

Nurnberger, J. I., Jr., & Bierut, L. J. (2007, April). Seeking the connections: Alcoholism and our genes. Scientific American, pp. 46–53. (p. 388)

Nussinovitch, U., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2012). The role of gender and organ specific autoimmunity. Autoimmunity Reviews, 11, A377–A385. (p. 287)

Nuttin, J. M., Jr. (1987). Affective consequences of mere ownership: The name letter effect in twelve European languages. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 381–402. (p. 359)

Oaten, M., & Cheng, K. (2006a). Longitudinal gains in self-regulation from regular physical exercise. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 717–733. (p. 293)

Oaten, M., & Cheng, K. (2006b). Improved self-control: The benefits of a regular program of academic study. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1–16. (p. 293)

Oberlander, J., & Gill, A. J. (2006). Language with character: A stratified corpus comparison of individual differences in e-mail communication. Discourse Processes, 42, 239–270. (p. 326)

O’Boyle, E. H., Jr., Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawyer, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 788–818. (p. 238)

O’Connor, P., & Brown, G. W. (1984). Supportive relationships: Fact or fancy? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1, 159–175. (p. 423)

O’Donnell, L., Stueve, A., O’Donnell, C., Duran, R., San Doval, A., Wilson, R. F., Haber, D., Perry, E., & Pleck, J. H. (2002). Long-term reduction in sexual initiation and sexual activity among urban middle schoolers in the reach for health service learning program. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 93–100. (p. 119)

O’Donovan, A., Neylan, T. C., Metzler, T., & Cohen, B. E. (2012). Lifetime exposure to traumatic psychological stress is associated with elevated inflammation in the Heart and Soul Study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 26, 642–649. (p. 289)

Offer, D., Ostrov, E., Howard, K. I., & Atkinson, R. (1988). The teenage world: Adolescents’ self-image in ten countries. New York: Plenum. (p. 90)

Ogden, J. (2012, January 16). HM, the man with no memory. www.psychologytoday.com. (p. 193)

Öhman, A. (1986). Face the beast and fear the face: Animal and social fears as prototypes for evolutionary analyses of emotion. Psychophysiology, 23, 123–145. (p. 381)

Öhman, A., Lundqvist, D., & Esteves, F. (2001). The face in the crowd revisited: A threat advantage with schematic stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 381–396. (p. 275)

Oishi, S., Diener, E. F., Lucas, R. E., & Suh, E. M. (1999). Cross-cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction: Perspectives from needs and values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 980–990. (p. 258)

Oishi, S., Kesebir, S., & Diener, E. (2011). Income inequality and happiness. Psychological Science, 22, 1095–1100. (p. 356)

Oishi, S., & Schimmack, U. (2010). Culture and well-being: A new inquiry into the psychological wealth of nations. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 5, 463–471. (p. 305)

Okimoto, T. G., & Brescoll, V. L. (2010). The price of power: Power seeking and backlash against female politicians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 923–936. (p. 109)

Olds, J. (1975). Mapping the mind onto the brain. In F. G. Worden, J. P. Swazey, & G. Adelman (Eds.), The neurosciences: Paths of discovery. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (p. 41)

Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of the septal area and other regions of rat brain. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47, 419–427. (p. 41)

Olff, M., Langeland, W., Draijer, N., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2007). Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 183–204. (p. 379)

Olfson, M., & Marcus, S. C. (2009). National patterns in antidepressant medication treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 848–856. (pp. 425, 427)

Oliner, S. P., & Oliner, P. M. (1988). The altruistic personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. New York: Free Press. (p. 186)

Olsson, A., Nearing, K. I., & Phelps, E. A. (2007). Learning fears by observing others: The neural systems of social fear transmission. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2, 3–11. (p. 380)

Olweus, D., Mattsson, A., Schalling, D., & Low, H. (1988). Circulating testosterone levels and aggression in adolescent males: A causal analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 261–272. (p. 354)

Oman, D., Kurata, J. H., Strawbridge, W. J., & Cohen, R. D. (2002). Religious attendance and cause of death over 31 years. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 32, 69–89. (p. 300)

Oppenheimer, D. M., & Trail, T. E. (2010). Why leaning to the left makes you lean to the left: Effects of spatial orientation on political attitudes. Social Cognition, 28, 651–661. (p. 161)

Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 695–708. (p. 329)

Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (2009). Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 472–478. (p. 329)

Osborne, L. (1999, October 27). A linguistic big bang. New York Times Magazine (www.nytimes.com). (p. 231)

Oskarsson, A. T., Van Voven, L., McClelland, G. H., & Hastie, R. (2009). What’s next? Judging sequences of binary events. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 262–285. (p. 10)

Ost, L. G., & Hugdahl, K. (1981). Acquisition of phobias and anxiety response patterns in clinical patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 16, 439–447. (p. 380)

Ostfeld, A. M., Kasl, S. V., D’Atri, D. A., & Fitzgerald, E. F. (1987). Stress, crowding, and blood pressure in prison. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 292)

O’Sullivan, M., Frank, M. G., Hurley, C. M., & Tiwana, J. (2009). Police lie detection accuracy: The effect of lie scenario. Law and Human Behavior, 33, 530–538. (p. 275)

Osvath, M. (2009). Spontaneous planning for future stone throwing by a male chimpanzee. Current Biology, 19, R190–R191. (p. 229)

Ott, B. (2007, June 14). Investors, take note: Engagement boosts earnings. Gallup Management Journal (gmj.gallup.com). (p. B-5)

Ott, C. H., Lueger, R. J., Kelber, S. T., & Prigerson, H. G. (2007). Spousal bereavement in older adults: Common, resilient, and chronic grief with defining characteristics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 332–341. (p. 101)

Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 54–74. (p. 328)

Owen, A. M., Coleman, M. R., Boly, M., Davis, M. H., Laureys, S., & Pickard, J. D. (2006). Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science, 313, 1402. (p. 37)

Owen, R. (1814). First essay in New view of society, Or the formation of character. Quoted in The story of New Lanark Mills, Lanark, Scotland: New Lanark Conservation Trust, 1993. (p. B-7)

Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 164, 608–614. (p. 97)

Oxfam. (2005, March 26). Three months on: New figures show tsunami may have killed up to four times as many women as men. Oxfam Press Release (www.oxfam.org.uk). (p. 113)

Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 1(9), 52–73. (p. 379)

Ozer, E. J., & Weiss, D. S. (2004). Who develops posttraumatic stress disorder? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 169–172. (p. 379)

Pacifici, R., Zuccaro, P., Farre, M., Pichini, S., Di Carlo, S., Roset, P. N., Ortuno, J., Pujadus, M., Bacosi, A., Menoyo, E., Segura, J., & de la Torre, R. (2001). Effects of repeated doses of MDMA (“Ecstasy”) on cell-mediated immune response in humans. Life Sciences, 69, 2931–2941. (p. 386)

Padgett, V. R. (1989). Predicting organizational violence: An application of 11 powerful principles of obedience. Paper presented to the American Psychological Association convention. (p. 345)

Pagani, L. S., Fitzpatrick, C., Barnett, T. A., & Dubow, E. (2010). Prospective associations between early childhood television exposure and academic, psychosocial, and physical well-being by middle childhood. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 164, 425–431. (p. 264)

Pallier, C., Colomé, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2001). The influence of native-language phonology on lexical access: Exemplar-based versus abstract lexical entries. Psychological Science, 12, 445–448. (p. 230)

Pandey, J., Sinha, Y., Prakash, A., & Tripathi, R. C. (1982). Right-left political ideologies and attribution of the causes of poverty. European Journal of Social Psychology, 12, 327–331. (p. 339)

Panksepp, J. (2007). Neurologizing the psychology of affects: How appraisal-based constructivism and basic emotion theory can coexist. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 281–295. (p. 273)

Panzarella, C., Alloy, L. B., & Whitehouse, W. G. (2006). Expanded hopelessness theory of depression: On the mechanisms by which social support protects against depression. Cognitive Theory and Research, 30, 307–333. (p. 395)

Park, C. L., Riley, K. E., & Snyder, L. B. (2012). Meaning making coping, making sense, and post-traumatic growth following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7, 198–207. (p. 432)

Park, D. C., Lautenschlager, G., Hedden, T., Davidson, N. S., Smith, A. D., & Smith, P. K. (2002). Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 17, 299–320. (p. 246)

Park, G., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (2007). Contrasting intellectual patterns predict creativity in the arts and sciences. Psychological Science, 18, 948–952. (p. 242)

Park, G., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (2008). Ability differences among people who have commensurate degrees matter for scientific creativity. Psychological Science, 19, 957–961. (p. 226)

Park, R. L. (1999). Liars never break a sweat. New York Times, July 12, 1999 (www.nytimes.com). (p. 274)

Parker, C. P., Baltes, B. B., Young, S. A., Huff, J. W., Altmann, R. A., LaCost, H. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2003). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 389-416. (p. B-4)

Parker, E. S., Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (2006). A case of unusual autobiographical remembering. Neurocase, 12, 35–49. (p. 206)

Parsons, T. D., & Rizzo, A. A. (2008). Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 250–261. (p. 415)

Pascoe, E. A., & Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 531–554. (p. 285)

Patel, S. R., Malhotra, A., White, D. P., Gottlieb, D. J., & Hu, F. B. (2006). Association between reduced sleep and weight gain in women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 164, 947–954. (p. 58)

Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 434–457. (p. 264)

Patterson, F. (1978, October). Conversations with a gorilla. National Geographic, pp. 438–465. (p. 234)

Patterson, G. R., Chamberlain, P., & Reid, J. B. (1982). A comparative evaluation of parent training procedures. Behavior Therapy, 13, 638–650. (pp. 179, 356)

Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia. (p. 356)

Patterson, M., Warr, P., & West, M. (2004). Organizational climate and company productivity: The role of employee affect and employee level. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 193–216. (p. B-4)

Patterson, P. H. (2007). Maternal effects on schizophrenia risk. Science, 318, 576–577. (p. 399)

Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Carlin, J. B., Degenhardt, L., Lynskey, M., & Hall, W. (2002). Cannabis use and mental health of young people: Cohort study. British Medical Journal, 325, 1195–1198. (p. 388)

Pauker, K., Weisbuch, M., Ambady, N., Sommers, S. R., Adams, R. B., Jr., & Ivcevic, Z. (2009). Not so Black and White: Memory for ambiguous group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 795–810. (p. 248)

Paus, T., Zijdenbos, A., Worsley, K., Collins, D. L., Blumenthal, J., Giedd, J. N., Rapoport, J. L., & Evans, A. C. (1999). Structural maturation of neural pathways in children and adolescents: In vivo study. Science, 283, 1908–1911. (p. 74)

Pavlov, I. (1927). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (p. 169)

Payne, B. K., & Corrigan, E. (2007). Emotional constraints on intentional forgetting. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 780–786. (p. 209)

Pazda, A. D., & Elliot, A. J. (2012). The color of attraction: How red influences physical appeal. In M. Paludi (Ed.), The Psychology of Love. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. (p. 182)

Peckham, A. D., McHugh, R. K., & Otto, M. W. (2010). A meta-analysis of the magnitude of biased attention in depression. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 1135–1142. (p. 393)

Peigneux, P., Laureys, S., Fuchs, S., Collette, F., Perrin, F., Reggers, J., Phillips, C., Degueldre, C., Del Fiore, G., Aerts, J., Luxen, A., & Maquet, P. (2004). Are spatial memories strengthened in the human hippocampus during slow wave sleep? Neuron, 44, 535–545. (p. 56)

Pelham, B., & Crabtree, S. (2008, October 8). Worldwide, highly religious more likely to help others. Gallup Poll (www.gallup.com). (p. 365)

Pelham, B. W. (1993). On the highly positive thoughts of the highly depressed. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard. New York: Plenum. (p. 330)

Pelham, B. W. (2009, October 22). About one in six Americans report history of depression. Gallup (www.gallup.com). (p. 393)

Pennebaker, J. W. (1990). Opening up: The healing power of confiding in others. New York: William Morrow. (p. 318)

Pennebaker, J. W. (2002, January 28). Personal communication. (p. 366)

Pennebaker, J. W., Barger, S. D., & Tiebout, J. (1989). Disclosure of traumas and health among Holocaust survivors. Psychosomatic Medicine, 51, 577–589. (p. 296)

Pennebaker, J. W., & O’Heeron, R. C. (1984). Confiding in others and illness rate among spouses of suicide and accidental death victims. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 473–476. (p. 296)

Pennebaker, J. W., & Stone, L. D. (2003). Words of wisdom: Language use over the life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 291–301. (p. 100)

Peplau, L. A., & Fingerhut, A. W. (2007). The close relationships of lesbians and gay men. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 405–424. (pp. 98, 125)

Peplau, L. A., & Garnets, L. D. (2000). A new paradigm for understanding women’s sexuality and sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 329–350. (p. 121)

Peppard, P. E., Szklo-Coxe, M., Hia, K. M., & Young, T. (2006). Longitudinal association of sleep-related breathing disorder and depression. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1709–1715. (p. 59)

Pepperberg, I. M. (2006). Grey parrot numerical competence: A review. Animal Cognition, 9, 377–391. (p. 228)

Pepperberg, I. M. (2009). Alex & me: How a scientist and a parrot discovered a hidden world of animal intelligence—and formed a deep bond in the process. New York: Harper. (p. 228)

Perani, D., & Abutalebi, J. (2005). The neural basis of first and second language processing. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 202–206. (p. 233)

Pereg, D., Gow, R., Mosseri, M., Lishner, M., Rieder, M., Van Uum, S., & Koren, G. (2011). Hair cortisol and the risk for acute myocardial infarction in adult men. Stress, 14, 73–81. (p. 289)

Pereira, A. C., Huddleston, D. E., Brickman, A. M., Sosunov, A. A., Hen, R., McKhann, G. M., Sloan, R., Gage, F. H., Brown, T. R., & Small, S. A. (2007). An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proceedings of the National Academic of Sciences, 104, 5638–5643. (pp. 95, 96)

Pereira, G. M., & Osburn, H. G. (2007). Effects of participation in decision making on performance and employee attitudes: A quality circles meta-analysis. Journal of Business Psychology, 22, 145–153. (p. B-7)

Pergadia, M. L., & 30 others. (2011). A 3p26-3p25 genetic linkage finding for DSM-IV major depression in heavy smoking families. American Journal of Psychiatry. 168, 848–852. (p. 395)

Perilloux, H. K., Webster, G. D., & Gaulin, S. J. (2010). Signals of genetic quality and maternal investment capacity: The dynamic effects of fluctuating asymmetry and waist-to-hip ratio on men’s ratings of women’s attractiveness. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 34–42. (pp. 127, 360)

Perkins, A., & Fitzgerald, J. A. (1997). Sexual orientation in domestic rams: Some biological and social correlates. In L. Ellis & L. Ebertz (Eds.), Sexual orientation: Toward biological understanding. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. (p. 122)

Person, C., Tracy, M., & Galea, S. (2006). Risk factors for depression after a disaster. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 659–666. (p. 432)

Pert, C. B., & Snyder, S. H. (1973). Opiate receptor: Demonstration in nervous tissue. Science, 179, 1011–1014. (p. 32)

Perugini, E. M., Kirsch, I., Allen, S. T., Coldwell, E., Meredith, J., Montgomery, G. H., & Sheehan, J. (1998). Surreptitious observation of responses to hypnotically suggested hallucinations: A test of the compliance hypothesis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 46, 191–203. (p. 156)

Peschel, E. R., & Peschel, R. E. (1987). Medical insights into the castrati in opera. American Scientist, 75, 578–583. (p. 116)

Peters, M., Rhodes, G., & Simmons, L. W. (2007). Contributions of the face and body to overall attractiveness. Animal Behaviour, 73, 937–942. (p. 361)

Peters, T. J., & Waterman, R. H., Jr. (1982). In search of excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies. New York: Harper & Row. (p. 180)

Petersen, J. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2011). Gender differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors: A review of meta-analytic results and large datasets. Journal of Sex Research, 48, 149–165. (p. 115)

Peterson, C., Peterson, J., & Skevington, S. (1986). Heated argument and adolescent development. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3, 229–240. (p. 87)

Peterson, L. R., & Peterson, M. J. (1959). Short-term retention of individual verbal items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 193–198. (pp. 196, 197)

Petitto, L. A., & Marentette, P. F. (1991). Babbling in the manual mode: Evidence for the ontogeny of language. Science, 251, 1493–1496. (p. 230)

Pettegrew, J. W., Keshavan, M. S., & Minshew, N. J. (1993). 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Neurodevelopment and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19, 35–53. (p. 398)

Petticrew, C., Bell, R., & Hunter, D. (2002). Influence of psychological coping on survival and recurrence in people with cancer: Systematic review. British Medical Journal, 325, 1066. (p. 288)

Petticrew, M., Fraser, J. M., & Regan, M. F. (1999). Adverse life events and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 1–17. (p. 288)

Pettigrew, T. F., Christ, O., Wagner, U., & Stellmacher, J. (2007). Direct and indirect intergroup contact effects on prejudice: A normative interpretation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 411–425. (p. 366)

Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2011). When groups meet: The dynamics of intergroup contact. New York: Psychology Press. (p. 366)

Pew Research Center. (2006, November 14). Attitudes toward homosexuality in African countries (pewresearch.org). (p. 121)

Pew Research Center. (2006). Remembering 9/11. Pew Research Center. (www.pewresearch.org). (p. 201)

Pew Research Center. (2007, July 18). Modern marriage: “I like hugs. I like kisses. But what I really love is help with the dishes.” Pew Research Center (www.pewresearch.org). (p. 362)

Pew Research Center. (2009, November 4). Social isolation and new technology: How the Internet and mobile phones impact Americans’ social networks. Pew Research Center (www.pewresearch.org). (p. 267)

Pew Research Center. (2010). Home broadband 2010. Pew Internet & American Life Project, Pew Research Center (www.pewinternet.org). (p. 246)

Pew Research Center. (2010, February 1). Almost all millennials accept interracial dating and marriage. Pew Research Center. (www.pewresearch.org). (p. 350)

Pew Research Center. (2010, July 1). Gender equality universally embraced, but inequalities acknowledged. Pew Research Center Publications (pewresearch.org). (p. 113)

Pew Research Center. (2012, March 19). Teens, smartphones & texting. Pew Research Center (pewresearch.org). (p. 90)

Pew Research Center. (2013). The global divide on homosexuality: Greater acceptance in more secular and affluent countries. [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2013/06/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Homosexuality-Report-FINAL-JUNE-4-2013.pdf. (p. 121)

Phelps, J. A., Davis J. O., & Schartz, K. M. (1997). Nature, nurture, and twin research strategies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, 117–120. (p. 400)

Phillips, A. L. (2011). A walk in the woods. American Scientist, 69, 301–302. (p. 430)

Piaget, J. (1930). The child’s conception of physical causality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (p. 75)

Piaget, J. (1932). The moral judgment of the child. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. (p. 87)

Picchioni, M. M., & Murray, R. M. (2007). Schizophrenia. British Medical Journal, 335, 91–95. (p. 398)

Piekarski, D. J., Routman, D. M., Schoomer, E. E., Driscoll, J. R., Park, J. H., Butler, M. P., & Zucker, I. (2009). Infrequent low dose testosterone treatment maintains male sexual behavior in Syrian hamsters. Hormones and Behavior, 55, 182–189. (p. 115)

Piliavin, J. A. (2003). Doing well by doing good: Benefits for the benefactor. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 88)

Pillemer, D. B. (1998). Momentous events, vivid memories. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 96)

Pilley, J. W., & Reid, A. K. (2011). Border collie comprehends object names as verbal referents. Behavioural Processes, 86, 184–195. (p. 234)

Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2006). Male sexual attractiveness predicts differential ovulatory shifts in female extra-pair attraction and male mate retention. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 247–258. (p. 115)

Pillsworth, E. G., Haselton, M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2004). Ovulatory shifts in female desire. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 55–65. (p. 115)

Pinker, S. (1995). The language instinct. The General Psychologist, 31, 63–65. (p. 235)

Pinker, S. (1998). Words and rules. Lingua, 106, 219–242. (p. 229)

Pinker, S. (2008). The sexual paradox: Men, women, and the real gender gap. New York: Scribner. (p. 110)

Pinker, S. (2010, June 10). Mind over mass media. New York Times, A31. (p. 268)

Pinker, S. (2011, September 27). A history of violence. Edge (www.edge.org). (p. 358)

Pipe, M-E., Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., & Esplin, P. W. (2004). Recent research on children’s testimony about experienced and witnessed events. Developmental Review, 24, 440–468. (p. 212)

Pipher, M. (2002). The middle of everywhere: The world’s refugees come to our town. New York: Harcourt Brace. (p. 265)

Place, S. S., Todd, P. M., Penke, L., & Asendorph, J. B. (2009). The ability to judge the romantic interest of others. Psychological Science, 20, 22–26. (pp. 275, 359)

Plassmann, H., O’Doherty, J., Shiv, B., & Rangel, A. (2008). Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 1050–1054. (p. 158)

Platek, S. M., & Singh, D. (2010) Optimal waist-to-hip ratios in women activate neural reward centers in men. PLoS ONE 5(2): e9042. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009042. (p. 360)

Plomin, R. (2011). Why are children in the same family so different? Non-shared environment three decades later. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40, 582–592. (p. 91)

Plomin, R., Corley, R., Caspi, A., Fulker, D. W., & DeFries, J. (1998). Adoption results for self-reported personality: Evidence for nonadditive genetic effects? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 211–219. (p. 72)

Plomin, R., & Daniels, D. (1987). Why are children in the same family so different from one another? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10, 1–60. (p. 91)

Plomin, R., & DeFries, J. C. (1998, May). The genetics of cognitive abilities and disabilities. Scientific American, pp. 62–69. (p. 244)

Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., McClearn, G. E., & Rutter, M. (1997). Behavioral genetics. New York: Freeman. (pp. 123, 262, 399)

Plomin, R., & McGuffin, P. (2003). Psychopathology in the postgenomic era. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 205–228. (pp. 394, 395)

Plous, S., & Herzog, H. A. (2000). Poll shows researchers favor lab animal protection. Science, 290, 711. (p. 21)

Poelmans, G., Pauls, D. L., Buitelaar, J. K., & Franke, B. (2011). Integrated genome-wide association study findings: Identification of a neurodevelopmental network for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 365–377. (p. 373)

Pogue-Geile, M. F., & Yokley, J. L. (2010). Current research on the genetic contributors to schizophrenia. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 214–219. (p. 400)

Poldrack, R. A., Halchenko, Y. O., & Hanson, S. J. (2009). Decoding the large-scale structure of brain function by classifying mental states across individuals. Psychological Science, 20, 1364–1372. (p. 38)

Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). Causes of eating disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 187–213. (p. 401)

Polivy, J., Herman, C. P., & Coelho, J. S. (2008). Caloric restriction in the presence of attractive food cues: External cues, eating, and weight. Physiology and Behavior, 94, 729–733. (p. 261)

Pollak, S., Cicchetti, D., & Klorman, R. (1998). Stress, memory, and emotion: Developmental considerations from the study of child maltreatment. Developmental Psychopathology, 10, 811–828. (p. 172)

Polusny, M. A., & Follette, V. M. (1995). Long-term correlates of child sexual abuse: Theory and review of the empirical literature. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 4, 143–166. (p. 84)

Poon, L. W. (1987). Myths and truisms: Beyond extant analyses of speed of behavior and age. Address to the Eastern Psychological Association convention. (p. 95)

Pope, H. G., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (1996). The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, 521–527. (p. 388)

Popenoe, D. (1993). The evolution of marriage and the problem of step-families: A biosocial perspective. Paper presented at the National Symposium on Stepfamilies, The Pennsylvania State University. (p. 332)

Porter, S., & Peace, K. A. (2007). The scars of memory: A prospective, longitudinal investigation of the consistency of traumatic and positive emotional memories in adulthood. Psychological Science, 18, 435–441. (p. 213)

Porter, S., & ten Brinke, L. (2008). Reading between the lies: Identifying concealed and falsified emotions in universal facial expressions. Psychological Science, 19, 508–514. (p. 275)

Posavac, H. D., Posavac, S. S., & Posavac, E. J. (1998). Exposure to media images of female attractiveness and concern with body weight among young women. Sex Roles, 38, 187–201. (p. 401)

Posner, M. I., & Carr, T. H. (1992). Lexical access and the brain: Anatomical constraints on cognitive models of word recognition. American Journal of Psychology, 105, 1–26. (p. 233)

Powell, K. E., Thompson, P. D., Caspersen, C. J., & Kendrick, J. S. (1987). Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Annual Review of Public Health, 8, 253–287. (p. 297)

Powell, L. H., Schahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. American Psychologist, 58, 36–52. (p. 301)

Powell, R. A., & Boer, D. P. (1994). Did Freud mislead patients to confabulate memories of abuse? Psychological Reports, 74, 1283–1298. (p. 317)

Pratt, T. C., & & Cullen, F. T. (2000). The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 38, 931–964. (p. 356)

Prentice, D. A., & Miller, D. T. (1993). Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol use on campus: Some consequences of misperceiving the social norm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 243–256. (p. 389)

Prince Charles. (2000). BBC Reith Lecture. (p. 9)

Prioleau, L., Murdock, M., & Brody, N. (1983). An analysis of psychotherapy versus placebo studies. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6, 275–310. (p. 422)

Pritchard, R. M. (1961, June). Stabilized images on the retina. Scientific American, pp. 72–78. (p. 137)

Pronin, E. (2007). Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 37–43. (p. 331)

Pronin, E., Berger, J., & Molouki, S. (2007). Alone in a crowd of sheep: Asymmetric perceptions of conformity and their roots in an introspection illusion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 585–595. (p. 343)

Pronin, E., & Ross, L. (2006). Temporal differences in trait self-ascription: When the self is seen as an other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 197–209. (p. 339)

Provine, R. R., Krosnowski, K. A., & Brocato, N. W. (2009). Tearing: Breakthrough in human emotional signaling. Evolutionary Psychology, 7, 52–56. (p. 278)

Pryor, J. H., Hurtado, S., DeAngelo, L., Blake, L. P., & Tran, S. (2010). The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2009, Expanded edition. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. (p. 247)

Pryor, J. H., Hurtado, S., DeAngelo, L., Blake, L. P., & Tran, S. (2011). The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2010. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. (pp. 110, 266)

Pryor, J. H., Hurtado, S., Saenz, V. B., Korn, J. S., Santos, J. L., & Korn, W. S. (2006). The American freshman: National norms for fall 2006. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. (p. 395)

Pryor, J. H., Hurtado, S., Saenz, V. B., Lindholm, J. A., Korn, W. S., & Mahoney, K. M. (2005). The American freshman: National norms for Fall 2005. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. (p. 126)

Przbylski, A. K., Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). A motivational model of video game engagement. Review of General Psychology, 14, 154–166. (p. 358)

Psychologist. (2003, April). Who’s the greatest? The Psychologist, 16, p. 17. (p. 80)

Puetz, T. W., O’Connor, P. J., & Dishman, R. K. (2006). Effects of chronic exercise on feelings of energy and fatigue: A quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 866-876. (p. 297)

Putnam, F. W. (1991). Recent research on multiple personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 489–502. (p. 402)

Pyszczynski, T. A., Rothschild, Z., & Abdollahi, A. (2008). Terrorism, violence, and hope for peace: A terror management perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science 17, 318–322. (p. 353)

Pyszczynski, T. A., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2002). In the wake of 9/11: The psychology of terror. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (p. 353)

Qin, H-F., & Piao, T-J. (2011). Dispositional optimism and life satisfaction of Chinese and Japanese college students: Examining the mediating effects of affects and coping efficacy. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19, 259–261. (p. 294)

Qirko, H. N. (2004) “Fictive kin” and suicide terrorism. Science, 304, 49–50. (p. 348)

Quinn, P. C., Bhatt, R. S., Brush, D., Grimes, A., & Sharpnack, H. (2002). Development of form similarity as a Gestalt grouping principle in infancy. Psychological Science, 13, 320–328. (p. 146)

Rabins, P., & 18 others. (2009). Scientific and ethical issues related to deep brain stimulation for disorders of mood, behavior, and thought. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 931–937. (p. 428)

Racsmány, M., Conway, M. A., & Demeter, G. (2010). Consolidation of episodic memories during sleep: Long-term effects of retrieval practice. Psychological Science, 21, 80–85. (p. 56)

Rahman, Q., & Koerting, J. (2008). Sexual orientation-related differences in allocentric spatial memory tasks. Hippocampus, 18, 55–63. (p. 124)

Rahman, Q., & Wilson, G. D. (2003). Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1337–1382. (p. 123)

Rahman, Q., Wilson, G. D., & Abrahams, S. (2003). Biosocial factors, sexual orientation and neurocognitive functioning. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 867–881. (p. 124)

Raine, A. (1999). Murderous minds: Can we see the mark of Cain? Cerebrum: The Dana Forum on Brain Science 1(1), 15–29. (pp. 355, 404)

Raine, A. (2005). The interaction of biological and social measures in the explanation of antisocial and violent behavior. In D. M. Stoff & E. J. Susman (Eds.) Developmental psychobiology of aggression. New York: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 355, 404)

Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P. (2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 119–127. (p. 404)

Rainie, L., Purcell, K., Goulet, L. S., & Hampton, K. H. (2011, June 16). Social networking sites and our lives. Pew Research Center (pewresearch.org). (p. 267)

Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2007). Cognitive theories of autism. Developmental Review, 27, 224–260. (p. 78)

Ralston, A. (2004). Enough rope. Interview for ABC TV, Australia, by Andrew Denton. (www.abc.net.au/enoughrope/stories/s1227885.htm). (p. 255)

Ramachandran, V. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1998). Phantoms in the brain: Probing the mysteries of the human mind. New York: Morrow. (pp. 35, 155)

Randi, J. (1999, February 4). 2000 club mailing list e-mail letter. (p. 162)

Rapoport, J. L. (1989, March). The biology of obsessions and compulsions. Scientific American, pp. 83–89. (p. 381)

Räsänen, S., Pakaslahti, A., Syvalahti, E., Jones, P. B., & Isohanni, M. (2000). Sex differences in schizophrenia: A review. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 37–45. (p. 398)

Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2008). Reactivation and consolidation of memory during sleep. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 188–192. (p. 56)

Rasmussen, H. N., Scheier, M. F., & Greenhouse, J. B. (2010). Optimism and physical health: A meta-analytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 239–256. (p. 294)

Raynor, H. A., & Epstein, L. H. (2001). Dietary variety, energy regulation, and obesity. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 325–341. (p. 260)

Read, J., & Bentall, R. (2010). The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: A literature review. Epidemiologica e Psichiatria Sociale, 19, 333–347. (p. 428)

Reason, J. (1987). The Chernobyl errors. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 40, 201–206. (p. 349)

Reason, J., & Mycielska, K. (1982). Absent-minded? The psychology of mental lapses and everyday errors. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 138)

Reed, P. (2000). Serial position effects in recognition memory for odors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 411–422. (p. 205)

Reichert, R. A., Robb, M. B., Fender, J. G., & Wartella, E. (2010). Word learning from baby videos. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164, 432–437. (p. 245)

Reifman, A. S., Larrick, R. P., & Fein, S. (1991). Temper and temperature on the diamond: The heat-aggression relationship in major league baseball. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 580–585. (p. 355)

Reimann, F., & 24 others. (2010). Pain perception is altered by a nucleotide polymorphism in SCN9A. PNAS, 107, 5148–5153. (p. 155)

Reiner, W. G., & Gearhart, J. P. (2004). Discordant sexual identity in some genetic males with cloacal exstrophy assigned to female sex at birth. New England Journal of Medicine, 350, 333–341. (p. 112)

Reis, H. T., & Aron, A. (2008). Love: What is it, why does it matter, and how does it operate? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 80–86. (p. 362)

Reisenzein, R. (1983). The Schachter theory of emotion: Two decades later. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 239–264. (p. 270)

Reiser, M. (1982). Police psychology. Los Angeles: LEHI. (p. 162)

Remick, A. K., Polivy, J., & Pliner, P. (2009). Internal and external moderators of the effect of variety on food intake. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 434–451. (p. 261)

Remington, A., Swettenham, J., Campbell, R., & Coleman, M. (2009). Selective attention and perceptual load in autism spectrum disorder. Psychological Science, 20, 1388–1393. (p. 78)

Remley, A. (1988, October). From obedience to independence. Psychology Today, pp. 56–59. (p. 84)

Renner, M. J., & Renner, C. H. (1993). Expert and novice intuitive judgments about animal behavior. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 31, 551–552. (p. 74)

Renner, M. J., & Rosenzweig, M. R. (1987). Enriched and impoverished environments: Effects on brain and behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag. (p. 74)

Renninger, K. A., & Granott, N. (2005). The process of scaffolding in learning and development. New Ideas in Psychology, 23(3), 111–114. (p. 80)

Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2003). The Do Re Mi’s of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1236–1256. (p. 326)

Resnick, M. D., Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Beuhring, T., Sieving, R., Shew, M., Bearinger, L. H., & Udry, J. R. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, 823–832. (pp. 17, 52, 90)

Resnick, S. M. (1992). Positron emission tomography in psychiatric illness. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 92–98. (p. 398)

Reuters. (2000, July 5). Many teens regret decision to have sex (National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy survey). www.washingtonpost.com. (p. 119)

Reyna, V. F., & Farley, F. (2006). Risk and rationality in adolescent decision making: Implications for theory, practice, and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 7(1), 1–44. (p. 86)

Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2009). The pre-engagement cohabitation effect: A replication and extension of previous findings. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 107–111. (p. 98)

Rhodes, M. G., & Anastasi, J. S. (2012). The own-age bias in face recognition: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 146–174. (p. 353)

Rhodes, S. R. (1983). Age-related differences in work attitudes and behavior: A review and conceptual analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 93, 328–367. (p. 96)

Ribeiro, R., Gervasoni, D., Soares, E. S., Zhou, Y., Lin, S-C., Pantoja, J., Lavine, M., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2004). Long-lasting novelty-induced neuronal reverberation during slow-wave sleep in multiple forebrain areas. PloS Biology, 2(1), e37 (www.plosbiology.org). (p. 56)

Rice, M. E., & Grusec, J. E. (1975). Saying and doing: Effects on observer performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 584–593. (p. 186)

Richards, D. (2011). Prevalence and clinical course of depression: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1117–1125. (p. 393)

Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2007). Negotiating interracial interactions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 316–320. (p. 366)

Rieff, P. (1979). Freud: The mind of a moralist (3rd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (p. 318)

Riis, J., Loewenstein, G., Baron, J., Jepson, C., Fagerlin, A., & Ubel, P. A. (2005). Ignorance of hedonic adaptation to hemodialysis: A study using ecological momentary assessment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 3–9. (p. 302)

Rindermann, H., & Ceci, S. J. (2009). Educational policy and country outcomes in international cognitive competence studies. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 551–577. (p. 249)

Ring, K. (1980). Life at death: A scientific investigation of the near-death experience. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan. (p. 387)

Ripke, S., & others (2011). Genome-wide association study identifies five new schizophrenia loci. Nature Genetics, 43, 969–976. (p. 400)

Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2002). From mirror neurons to imitation: Facts and speculations. In A. N. Meltzoff & W. Prinz (Eds.), The imitative mind: Development, evolution, and brain bases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. (p. 186)

Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2006, November). Mirrors in the mind. Scientific American, pp. 54–61. (p. 186)

Roberts, B. W., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2001). The kids are alright: Growth and stability in personality development from adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 670–683. (p. 102)

Roberts, B. W., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2003). Work experiences and personality development in young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 582–593. (p. 102)

Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 1-25. (p. 102)

Roberts, L. (1988). Beyond Noah’s ark: What do we need to know? Science, 242, 1247. (p. 291)

Roberts, T-A. (1991). Determinants of gender differences in responsiveness to others’ evaluations. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51(8–B). (p. 109)

Robertson, K. F., Smeets, S., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (2010). Beyond the threshold hypothesis: Even among the gifted and top math/science graduate students, cognitive abilities, vocational interests, and lifestyle preferences matter for career choice, performance, and persistence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 346–351. (p. 226)

Robins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2005). Self-esteem development across the lifespan. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 158–162. (p. 99)

Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2002). Global self-esteem across the lifespan. Psychology and Aging, 17, 423–434. (p. 90)

Robinson, F. P. (1970). Effective study. New York: Harper & Row. (p. 23)

Robinson, J. P., & Martin, S. (2008). What do happy people do? Social Indicators Research, 89, 565–571. (p. B-2)

Robinson, J. P., & Martin, S. (2009). Changes in American daily life: 1965–2005. Social Indicators Research, 93, 47–56. (p. 187)

Robinson, T. N. (1999). Reducing children’s television viewing to prevent obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 1561–1567. (p. 264)

Robinson, T. N., Borzekowski, D. L. G., Matheson, D. M., & Kraemer, H. C. (2007). Effects of fast food branding on young children’s taste preferences. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 161, 792–797. (p. 138)

Robinson, V. M. (1983). Humor and health. In P. E. McGhee & J. H. Goldstein (Eds.), Handbook of humor research: Vol. II. Applied studies. New York: Springer-Verlag. (p. 294)

Rochat, F. (1993). How did they resist authority? Protecting refugees in Le Chambon during World War II. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association convention. (p. 345)

Rock, I., & Palmer, S. (1990, December). The legacy of Gestalt psychology. Scientific American, pp. 84–90. (p. 146)

Rodin, J. (1986). Aging and health: Effects of the sense of control. Science, 233, 1271–1276. (pp. 291, 292)

Roediger, H. L., III, & Finn, B. (2010, March/April). The pluses of getting it wrong. Scientific American Mind, pp. 39–41. (p. 23)

Roediger, H. L., III, & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17, 249–255. (pp. 23, 198)

Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803–814. (p. 212)

Roediger, H. L., III, Wheeler, M. A., & Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering, knowing, and reconstructing the past. In D. L. Medin (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 30). Orlando, FL: Academic Press. (p. 212)

Roehling, M. V. (1999). Weight-based discrimination in employment: Psychological and legal aspects. Personnel Psychology, 52, 969–1016. (p. 261)

Roehling, P. V., Roehling, M. V., Johnston, A., Brennan, A., & Drew, A. (2010). Weighty decisions: The effect of weight bias on the selection and election of U.S. political candidates. Unpublished manuscript, Hope College. (p. 261)

Roehling, P. V., Roehling, M. V., & Moen, P. (2001). The relationship between work-life policies and practices and employee loyalty: A life course perspective. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22, 141–170. (p. B-7)

Roehling, P. V., Roehling, M. V., Vandlen, J. D., Blazek, J., & Guy, W. C. (2009). Weight discrimination and the glass ceiling effect among top US CEOs. Equal Opportunities International, 28, 179–196. (p. 261)

Roelofs, T. (2010, September 22). Somali refugee takes oath of U.S. citizenship year after his brother. Grand Rapids Press (www.mlive.com). (p. B-4)

Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P. P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., Merrow, M. (2004). A marker for the end of adolescence. Current Biology, 14, R1038–R1039. (p. 52)

Roese, N. J., & Summerville, A. (2005). What we regret most … and why. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1273-1285. (p. 99)

Roese, N. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Hindsight bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 411–426. (p. 10)

Roesser, R. (1998). What you should know about hearing conservation. Better Hearing Institute (www.betterhearing.org). (p. 153)

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. (p. 413)

Rogers, C. R. (1980). A way of being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. (pp. 320, 413)

Rohan, M. J., & Zanna, M. P. (1996). Value transmission in families. In C. Seligman, J. M. Olson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The psychology of values: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 8). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 91)

Rohner, R. P. (1986). The warmth dimension: Foundations of parental acceptance-rejection theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (p. 85)

Roiser, J. P., Cook, L. J., Cooper, J. D., Rubinsztein, D. C., & Sahakian, B. J. (2005). Association of a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene with abnormal emotional processing in Ecstasy users. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 609–612. (p. 386)

Ronay, R., & von Hippel, W. (2010). The presence of an attractive woman elevates testosterone and physical risk taking in young men. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 1, 57–64. (p. 116)

Rosa-Alcázar, A. I., Sánchez-Meca, J., Gómez-Conesa, A., & Marín-Martínez, F. (2008). Psychological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1310–1325. (p. 415)

Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. L. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 220)

Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D. (2006). A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 98–131. (p. 109)

Rose, J. S., Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., & Sherman, S. J. (1999). Peer influences on adolescent cigarette smoking: A prospective sibling analysis. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45, 62–84. (p. 90)

Rose, R. J., Viken, R. J., Dick, D. M., Bates, J. E., Pulkkinen, L., & Kaprio, J. (2003). It does take a village: Nonfamilial environments and children’s behavior. Psychological Science, 14, 273–277. (p. 90)

Rose, S., Bisson, J., & Wessely, S. (2003). A systematic review of single-session psychological interventions (‘debriefing’) following trauma. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72, 176–184. (p. 379)

Roselli, C. E., Larkin, K., Schrunk, J. M., & Stormshak, F. (2004). Sexual partner preference, hypothalamic morphology and aromatase in rams. Physiology and Behavior, 83, 233–245. (p. 123)

Roselli, C. E., Resko, J. A., & Stormshak, F. (2002). Hormonal influences on sexual partner preference in rams. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 43–49. (p. 123)

Rosenbaum, M. (1986). The repulsion hypothesis: On the nondevelopment of relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1156–1166. (p. 361)

Rosenberg, N. A., Pritchard, J. K., Weber, J. L., Cann, H. M., Kidd, K. K., Zhivotosky, L. A., & Feldman, M. W. (2002). Genetic structure of human populations. Science, 298, 2381–2385. (p. 248)

Rosenberg, T. (2010, November 1). The opt-out solution. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 224)

Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250–258. (p. 375)

Rosenthal, R., Hall, J. A., Archer, D., DiMatteo, M. R., & Rogers, P. L. (1979). The PONS test: Measuring sensitivity to nonverbal cues. In S. Weitz (Ed.), Nonverbal communication (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 275)

Rosenzweig, M. R. (1984). Experience, memory, and the brain. American Psychologist, 39, 365–376. (p. 74)

Roseth, C. J., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2008). Promoting early adolescents’ achievement and peer relationships: The effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 223–246. (p. 367)

Rosin, H. (2010, July, August). The end of men. The Atlantic (www.theatlantic.com). (p. 113)

Rossi, P. J. (1968). Adaptation and negative aftereffect to lateral optical displacement in newly hatched chicks. Science, 160, 430–432. (p. 150)

Rothbart, M., Fulero, S., Jensen, C., Howard, J., & Birrell, P. (1978). From individual to group impressions: Availability heuristics in stereotype formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 237–255. (p. 353)

Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Temperament, development, and personality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 207–212. (p. 73)

Rothblum, E. D. (2007). Same-sex couples in legalized relationships: I do, or do I? Unpublished manuscript, Women’s Studies Department, San Diego State University. (p. 125)

Rothman, A. J., & Salovey, P. (1997). Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behavior: The role of message framing. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 3–19. (p. 224)

Rovee-Collier, C. (1989). The joy of kicking: Memories, motives, and mobiles. In P. R. Solomon, G. R. Goethals, C. M. Kelley, & B. R. Stephens (Eds.), Memory: Interdisciplinary approaches. New York: Springer-Verlag. (p. 75)

Rovee-Collier, C. (1997). Dissociations in infant memory: Rethinking the development of implicit and explicit memory. Psychological Review, 104, 467–498. (p. 75)

Rovee-Collier, C. (1999). The development of infant memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 80–85. (p. 75)

Rowe, D. C. (1990). As the twig is bent? The myth of child-rearing influences on personality development. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68, 606–611. (p. 72)

Rowe, D. C., Almeida, D. M., & Jacobson, K. C. (1999). School context and genetic influences on aggression in adolescence. Psychological Science, 10, 277–280. (p. 354)

Rowe, D. C., Jacobson, K. C., & Van den Oord, E. J. C. G. (1999). Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: Parental education level as moderator. Child Development, 70(5), 1151–1162. (p. 244)

Rowe, D. C., Vazsonyi, A. T., & Flannery, D. J. (1994). No more than skin deep: Ethnic and racial similarity in developmental process. Psychological Review, 101(3), 396. (p. 86)

Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2009.) Good psychiatric practice (3rd ed.). London: Royal College of Psychiatrists. (p. 124)

Rozin, P., Dow, S., Mosovitch, M., & Rajaram, S. (1998). What causes humans to begin and end a meal? A role for memory for what has been eaten, as evidenced by a study of multiple meal eating in amnesic patients. Psychological Science, 9, 392–396. (p. 260)

Ruau, D., Liu, L. Y., Clark, J. D., Angst, M. S., & Butte, A. J. (2012). Sex differences in reported pain across 11,000 patients captured in electronic medical records. Journal of Pain, 13, 228–234. (p. 154)

Ruback, R. B., Carr, T. S., & Hopper, C. H. (1986). Perceived control in prison: Its relation to reported crowding, stress, and symptoms. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 375–386. (p. 292)

Rubenstein, J. S., Meyer, D. E., & Evans, J. E. (2001). Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 763–797. (p. 51)

Rubin, D. C., Rahhal, T. A., & Poon, L. W. (1998). Things learned in early adulthood are remembered best. Memory and Cognition, 26, 3–19. (p. 96)

Rubin, L. B. (1985). Just friends: The role of friendship in our lives. New York: Harper & Row. (p. 110)

Rubin, Z. (1970). Measurement of romantic love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 265–273. (p. 275)

Rubio, G., & López-Ibor, J. J. (2007). Generalized anxiety disorder: A 40-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115, 372–379. (p. 377)

Ruchlis, H. (1990). Clear thinking: A practical introduction. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. (p. 220)

Rueckert, L., Doan, T., & Branch, B. (2010). Emotion and relationship effects on gender differences in empathy. Presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science, Boston, MA, May, 2010. (p. 276)

Ruffin, C. L. (1993). Stress and health—little hassles vs. major life events. Australian Psychologist, 28, 201–208. (p. 285)

Rule, N. O., Ambady, N., & Hallett, K. C. (2009). Female sexual orientation is perceived accurately, rapidly, and automatically from the face and its features. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 1245–1251. (p. 326)

Rumbaugh, D. M. (1977). Language learning by a chimpanzee: The Lana project. New York: Academic Press. (p. 234)

Rumbaugh, D. M., & Washburn, D. A. (2003). Intelligence of apes and other rational beings. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (p. 235)

Rushton, J. P. (1975). Generosity in children: Immediate and long-term effects of modeling, preaching, and moral judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 459–466. (p. 186)

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Avoiding death or engaging life as accounts of meaning and culture: Comment on Pyszczynski et al. (2004). Psychological Bulletin, 130, 473–477. (p. 331)

Rydell, R. J., Rydell, M. T., & Boucher, K. L. (2010). The effect of negative performance stereotypes on learning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 883–896. (p. 249)

Saad, L. (2002, November 21). Most smokers wish they could quit. Gallup News Service (www.gallup.com). (p. 385)

Sabbagh, M. A., Xu, F., Carlson, S. M., Moses, L. J., & Lee, K. (2006). The development of executive functioning and theory of mind: A comparison of Chinese and U.S. preschoolers. Psychological Science, 17, 74–81. (p. 78)

Sabini, J. (1986). Stanley Milgram (1933–1984). American Psychologist, 41, 1378–1379. (p. 343)

Sachdev, P., & Sachdev, J. (1997). Sixty years of psychosurgery: Its present status and its future. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 457–464. (p. 430)

Sachs, J. (2012). Introduction. In J. Helliwell, R. Layard, & J. Sachs (Eds.), World happiness report. New York: The Earth Institute, Columbia University. (p. 305)

Sacks, O. (1985). The man who mistook his wife for a hat. New York: Summit Books. (pp. 159, 206)

Sadler, M. S., Correll, J., Park, B., & Judd, C. M. (2012). The world is not Black and White: Racial bias in the decision to shoot in a multiethnic context. Journal of Social Issues, 68, 286–313. (p. 351)

Safron, A., Barch, B., Bailey, J. M., Gitelman, D. R., Parrish, T. B., & Reber, P. J. (2007). Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and hetero-sexual men. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 237–248. (p. 123)

Saks, E. (2007, August 27). A memoir of schizophrenia. Time. http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1656592,00.html. (p. 425)

Salimpoor, V. N., Benovoy, M., Larcher, K., Dagher, A., & Zatorre, R. J. (2011). Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music. Nature Neuroscience, 14, 257–262. (p. 42)

Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 33–61. (p. 430)

Salomon, J. A., Wong, H., Freeman, M. K., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Lopez, A. D., & Murray, C. J. L. (2012). Healthy life expectancy for 187 countries, 1990–2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380, 2144–2162. (p. 95)

Salovey, P. (1990, January/February). Interview. American Scientist, pp. 25–29. (p. 301)

Salthouse, T. A. (2004). What and when of cognitive aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 140–144. (p. 246)

Salthouse, T. A. (2009). When does age-related cognitive decline begin? Neurobiology of Aging, 30, 507–514. (p. 246)

Salthouse, T. A. (2010). Selective review of cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Socie6y, 16, 754–760. (pp. 97, 246)

Sampson, E. E. (2000). Reinterpreting individualism and collectivism: Their religious roots and monologic versus dialogic person–other relationship. American Psychologist, 55, 1425–1432. (p. 332)

Samuels, S., & McCabe, G. (1989). Quoted by P. Diaconis & F. Mosteller, Methods for studying coincidences. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84, 853–861. (p. 11)

Sandfort, T. G. M., de Graaf, R., Bijl, R., & Schnabel, P. (2001). Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 85–91. (p. 121)

Sandkühler, S., & Bhattacharya, J. (2008). Deconstructing insight: EEG correlates of insightful problem solving. PloS ONE, 3, e1459 (www.plosone.org). (p. 220)

Sandler, W., Meir, I., Padden, C., & Aronoff, M. (2005). The emergence of grammar: Systematic structure in a new language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 2261–2265. (p. 231)

Sanz, C., Morgan, D., & Gulick, S. (2004). New insights into chimpanzees, tools, and termites from the Congo Basin. American Naturalist, 164, 567–581. (p. 229)

Sapadin, L. A. (1988). Friendship and gender: Perspectives of professional men and women. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 387–403. (p. 110)

Saphire-Bernstein, S., Way, B. M., Kim, H. S, Sherman, D. K., & Taylor, S. E. (2011). Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is related to psychological resources. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 15118–15122. (p. 294)

Sapolsky, B. S., & Tabarlet, J. O. (1991). Sex in primetime television: 1979 versus 1989. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 35, 505–516. (p. 119)

Sapolsky, R. (2005). The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science, 308, 648–652. (p. 291)

Saulny, S. (2006, June 21). A legacy of the storm: Depression and suicide. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 284)

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Murphy, J., Sevcik, R. A., Brakke, K. E., Williams, S. L., & Rumbaugh, D. M., with commentary by Bates, E. (1993). Language comprehension in ape and child. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58 (233), 1–254. (p. 235)

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Rumbaugh, D., & Fields, W. M. (2009). Empirical Kanzi: The ape language controversy revisited. Skeptic, 15, 25–33. (p. 235)

Savani, K., & Rattan, A. (2012). A choice mind-set increases the acceptance and maintenance of wealth inequality. Psychological Science, 23, 796–804. (p. 339)

Savic, I., Berglund, H., & Lindstrom, P. (2005). Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 7356–7361. (p. 123)

Savitsky, K., Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2001). Do others judge us as harshly as we think? Overestimating the impact of our failures, shortcomings, and mishaps. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 44–56. (p. 328)

Savitsky, K., & Gilovich, T. (2003). The illusion of transparency and the alleviation of speech anxiety. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 618–625. (p. 329)

Savoy, C., & Beitel, P. (1996). Mental imagery for basketball. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27, 454–462. (p. 233)

Sayal, K., Heron, J., Golding, J., Alati, R., Smith, G. D., Gray, R., & Emond, A. (2009). Binge pattern of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and childhood mental health outcomes: Longitudinal population-based study. Pediatrics, 123, e289. (p. 71)

Sbarra, D. A., Law, R. W., & Portley, R. M. (2011). Divorce and death: A meta-analysis and research agenda for clinical, social, and health psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 454-474. (pp. 265, 295)

Scarr, S. (1984, May). What’s a parent to do? A conversation with E. Hall. Psychology Today, pp. 58–63. (p. 245)

Scarr, S. (1989). Protecting general intelligence: Constructs and consequences for interventions. In R. J. Linn (Ed.), Intelligence: Measurement, theory, and public policy. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. (p. 237)

Scarr, S. (1993, May/June). Quoted by Psychology Today, Nature’s thumb-print: So long, superparents, p. 16. (p. 91)

Schab, F. R. (1991). Odor memory: Taking stock. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 242–251. (p. 158)

Schachter, S., & Singer, J. E. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379–399. (p. 270)

Schacter, D. L. (1992). Understanding implicit memory: A cognitive neuroscience approach. American Psychologist, 47, 559–569. (p. 206)

Schacter, D. L. (1996). Searching for memory: The brain, the mind, and the past. New York: Basic Books. (pp. 95, 206, 211, 318)

Schaie, K. W., & Geiwitz, J. (1982). Adult development and aging. Boston: Little, Brown. (p. A-7)

Scheibe, S., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010). Emotional aging: Recent findings and future trends. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 65B, 135–144. (p. 100)

Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201–228. (p. 293)

Schein, E. H. (1956). The Chinese indoctrination program for prisoners of war: A study of attempted brainwashing. Psychiatry, 19, 149–172. (p. 340)

Scherer, K. R., Banse, R., & Wallbott, H. G. (2001). Emotion inferences from vocal expression correlate across languages and cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 76–92. (p. 275)

Schick, V., Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., Middlestadt, S. E., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010). Sexual behaviors, condom use, and sexual health of Americans over 50: Implications for sexual health promotion for older adults. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(suppl 5), 315–329. (p. 96)

Schiffenbauer, A., & Schiavo, R. S. (1976). Physical distance and attraction: An intensification effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12, 274–282. (p. 347)

Schilt, T., de Win, M. M. L, Koeter, M., Jager, G., Korf, D. J., van den Brink, W., & Schmand, B. (2007). Cognition in novice ecstasy users with minimal exposure to other drugs. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 728–736. (p. 386)

Schkade, D., Sunstein, C. R., & Hastie, R. (2006). What happened on deliberation day? (University of Chicago Law and Economics, Olin Working Paper No. 298). (p. 348)

Schlegel, R. J., Hicks, J. A., King, L. A., & Arndt, J. (2011). Feeling like you know who you are: Perceived true self-knowledge and meaning in life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 745–756. (p. 329)

Schlomer, G. L., Del Giudice, M., & Ellis, B. J. (2011). Parent-offspring conflict theory: An evolutionary framework for understanding conflict within human families. Psychological Review, 118, 496–521. (p. 90)

Schmader, T. (2010). Stereotype threat deconstructed. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 14–18. (p. 249)

Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 262–274. (p. 328)

Schmitt, D. P. (2007). Sexual strategies across sexual orientations: How personality traits and culture relate to sociosexuality among gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and heterosexuals. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 18, 183–214. (p. 125)

Schmitt, D. P., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in 53 nations: Exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 623–642. (p. 330)

Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., & Benet-Martínez, V., with many others. (2007). The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38, 173–212. (p. 324)

Schnall, E., Wassertheil-Smnoller, S., Swencionis, C., Zemon, V., Tinker, L., O’Sullivan, M. J., Van Horn, L., & Goodwin, M. (2010). The relationship between religion and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Psychology and Health, 25, 249–263. (p. 299)

Schnall, S., Haidt, J., Clore, G. L., & Jordan, A. (2008). Disgust as embodied moral judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1096–1109. (p. 159)

Schnaper, N. (1980). Comments germane to the paper entitled “The reality of death experiences” by Ernst Rodin. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 168, 268–270. (p. 387)

Schneider, S. L. (2001). In search of realistic optimism: Meaning, knowledge, and warm fuzziness. American Psychologist, 56, 250–263. (p. 294)

Schneiderman, N. (1999). Behavioral medicine and the management of HIV/AIDS. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 6, 3–12. (p. 288)

Schneier, B. (2007, May 17). Virginia Tech lesson: Rare risks breed irrational responses. Wired (www.wired.com). (p. 225)

Schoenborn, C. A., & Adams, P. F. (2008). Sleep duration as a correlate of smoking, alcohol use, leisure-time physical inactivity, and obesity among adults: United States, 2004–2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov/nchs). (p. 58)

Schoeneman, T. J. (1994). Individualism. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior. San Diego: Academic Press. (p. 332)

Schofield, J. W. (1986). Black-White contact in desegregated schools. In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (p. 366)

Schonfield, D., & Robertson, B. A. (1966). Memory storage and aging. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 20, 228–236. (p. 97)

Schooler, J. W., Gerhard, D., & Loftus, E. F. (1986). Qualities of the un-real. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 171–181. (p. 212)

Schorr, E. A., Fox, N.A., van Wassenhove, V., & Knudsen, E.I. (2005). Auditory-visual fusion in speech perception in children with cochlear implants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 18748–18750. (p. 153)

Schuman, H., & Scott, J. (June, 1989). Generations and collective memories. American Sociological Review, 54(3), 359–381. (p. 96)

Schumann, K., & Ross, M. (2010). Why women apologize more than men: Gender differences in thresholds for perceiving offensive behavior. Psychological Science, 21, 1649–1655. (p. 109)

Schurger, A., Pereira, F., Treisman, A., Cohen, J. D. (2010, Jan.). Reproducibility distinguishes conscious from nonconscious neural representations. Science, 327, 97–99. (p. 50)

Schwartz, B. (1984). Psychology of learning and behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Norton. (pp. 172, 379)

Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-determination: The tyranny of freedom. American Psychologist, 55, 79–88. (p. 292)

Schwartz, B. (2004). The paradox of choice: Why more is less. New York: Ecco/HarperCollins. (p. 292)

Schwartz, J., & Estrin, J. (2004, November 7). Living for today, locked in a paralyzed body. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 302)

Schwartz, J. M., Stoessel, P. W., Baxter, L. R., Jr., Martin, K. M., & Phelps, M. E. (1996). Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 109–113. (pp. 418, 430)

Schwartz, S. H., & Rugel-Lifschitz, T. (2009). Cross-national variation in the size of sex differences in values: Effects of gender equality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 171–185. (p. 109)

Schwartzman-Morris, J., & Putterman, C. (2012). Gender differences in the pathogenesis and outcome of lupus and of lupus nephritis. Clinical and Developmental Immunology, 2012, 604892. doi: 10.1155/2012/604892. (p. 287)

Schwarz, A. (2012, June 9). Risky rise of the good-grade pill. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 373)

Schwarz, A., & Cohen, S. (2013, March 31). A.D.H.D. seen in 11% of U.S. children as diagnoses rise. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 373)

Schwarz, N., Strack, F., Kommer, D., & Wagner, D. (1987). Soccer, rooms, and the quality of your life: Mood effects on judgments of satisfaction with life in general and with specific domains. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 69–79. (p. 205)

Sclafani, A. (1995). How food preferences are learned: Laboratory animal models. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 54, 419–427. (p. 261)

Scott, D. J., & others. (2004, November 9). U-M team reports evidence that smoking affects human brain’s natural “feel good” chemical system (press release by Kara Gavin). University of Michigan Medical School. (www.med.umich.edu). (p. 385)

Scott, K. M., & 18 others. (2010). Gender and the relationship between marital status and first onset of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1495–1505. (p. 98)

Scott, W. A., Scott, R., & McCabe, M. (1991). Family relationships and children’s personality: A cross-cultural, cross-source comparison. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 1–20. (p. 85)

Scott-Sheldon, L. A. J., Terry, D. L., Carey, K. B., Garey, L., & Carey, M. P. (2012). Efficacy of expectancy challenge interventions to reduce college student drinking: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26, 393–405. (pp. 381, 383)

Scullin, M. K., & McDaniel, M. A. (2010). Remembering to execute a goal: Sleep on it! Psychological Science, 21, 1028–1035. (p. 208)

Sdorow, L. M. (2005). The people behind psychology. In B. Perlman, L. McCann, & W. Buskist (Eds.), Voices of experience: Memorable talks from the National Institute on the Teaching of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Society. (p. 316)

Seal, K. H., Bertenthal, D., Miner, C. R., Sen, S., & Marmar, C. (2007). Bringing the war back home: Mental health disorders among 103,788 U.S. veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 467–482. (p. 378)

Sechrest, L., Stickle, T. R., & Stewart, M. (1998). The role of assessment in clinical psychology. In A. Bellack, M. Hersen (series eds.), & C. R. Reynolds (vol. ed.), Comprehensive clinical psychology: Vol. 4. Assessment. New York: Pergamon. (p. 317)

Seeman, P. (2007). Dopamine and schizophrenia. Scholarpedia, 2(10), 3634 (www.scholarpedia.org). (p. 398)

Seeman, P., Guan, H-C., & Van Tol, H. H. M. (1993). Dopamine D4 receptors elevated in schizophrenia. Nature, 365, 441–445. (p. 398)

Seery, M. D. (2011). Resilience: A silver lining to experiencing adverse life events. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 390–394. (p. 84)

Segall, M. H., Dasen, P. R., Berry, J. W., & Poortinga, Y. H. (1990). Human behavior in global perspective: An introduction to cross-cultural psychology. New York: Pergamon. (pp. 80, 113)

Segerstrom, S. C., Hardy, J. K., Evans, D. R., & Greenberg, R. N. (2012). Vulnerability, distress, and immune response to vaccination in older adults. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 26, 747–753. (p. 288)

Segerstrom, S. C., Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., & Fahey, J. L. (1998). Optimism is associated with mood, coping, and immune change in response to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1646–1655. (p. 294)

Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 981–1003. (p. B-5)

Self, C. E. (1994). Moral culture and victimization in residence halls. Dissertation: Thesis (M.A.). Bowling Green University. (p. 389)

Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development and death. San Francisco: Freeman. (p. 291)

Seligman, M. E. P. (1991). Learned optimism. New York: Knopf. (p. 395)

Seligman, M. E. P. (1994). What you can change and what you can’t. New York: Knopf. (pp. 296, 329)

Seligman, M. E. P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 50, 965–974. (pp. 420, 421)

Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press. (pp. 8, 329)

Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press. (p. 8)

Seligman, M. E. P., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1–9. (p. 291)

Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410–421. (pp. 8, 306)

Seligman, M. E. P., & Yellen, A. (1987). What is a dream? Behavior Research and Therapy, 25, 1–24. (p. 53)

Sellers, H. (2010). You don’t look like anyone I know. New York: Riverhead Books. (p. 133)

Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature, 138, 32. (p. 285)

Selye, H. (1976). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill. (p. 285)

Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. (2004, July 9). Report of the select committee on intelligence on the U.S. intelligence community’s prewar intelligence assessments on Iraq. Washington, DC: Author. (pp. 221, 349)

Senghas, A., & Coppola, M. (2001). Children creating language: How Nicaraguan Sign Language acquired a spatial grammar. Psychological Science, 12, 323–328. (p. 231)

Sengupta, S. (2001, October 10). Sept. 11 attack narrows the racial divide. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 366)

Senju, A., Southgate, V., White, S., & Frith, U. (2009). Mindblind eyes: An absence of spontaneous theory of mind in Asperger syndrome. Science, 325, 883–885. (p. 78)

Service, R. F. (1994). Will a new type of drug make memory-making easier? Science, 266, 218–219. (p. 201)

Shadish, W. R., & Baldwin, S. A. (2005). Effects of behavioral marital therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 6–14. (p. 422)

Shadish, W. R., Matt, G. E., Navarro, A. M., & Phillips, G. (2000). The effects of psychological therapies under clinically representative conditions: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 512–529. (p. 421)

Shafir, E., & LeBoeuf, R. A. (2002). Rationality. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 491–517. (p. 225)

Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organizational Science, 4(4), 577–594. (p. B-6)

Shamosh, N. A., & Gray, J. R. (2008). Delay discounting and intelligence: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 36, 289–305. (p. 119)

Shan, W., Shengua, J., Davis, H., Hunter, M., Peng, K., Shao, X., Wu, Y., Liu, S., Lu, J., Yang, J., Zhang, W., Qiao, M., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2012). Mating strategies in Chinese culture: Female risk-avoiding vs. male risk-taking. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33, 182–192. (p. 126)

Shanahan, L., McHale, S. M., Osgood, D. W., & Crouter, A. C. (2007). Conflict frequency with mothers and fathers from middle childhood to late adolescence: Within- and between-families comparisons. Developmental Psychology, 43, 539–550. (p. 90)

Shapiro, D. (1999). Psychotherapy of neurotic character. New York: Basic Books. (p. 412)

Shapiro, K. A., Moo, L. R., & Caramazza, A. (2006). Cortical signatures of noun and verb production. Proceedings of the National Academic of Sciences, 103, 1644–1649. (p. 233)

Sharma, A. R., McGue, M. K., & Benson, P. L. (1998). The psychological adjustment of United States adopted adolescents and their nonadopted siblings. Child Development, 69, 791–802. (p. 91)

Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Adult attachment strategies and the regulation of emotion. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford Press. (p. 83)

Shaver, P. R., Morgan, H. J., & Wu, S. (1996). Is love a basic emotion? Personal Relationships, 3, 81–96. (p. 272)

Shaw, B. A., Liang, J., & Krause, N. (2010). Age and race differences in the trajectories of self-esteem. Psychology and Aging, 25, 84–94. (p. 102)

Shedler, J. (2009, March 23). That was then, this is now: Psychoanalytic psychotherapy for the rest of us. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. (p. 412)

Shedler, J. (2010a, November/December). Getting to know me. Scientific American Mind, pp. 53–57. (p. 412)

Shedler, J. (2010b). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 65, 98–109. (p. 422)

Sheehan, S. (1982). Is there no place on earth for me? Boston: Houghton Mifflin. (p. 397)

Sheldon, K. M., Abad, N., & Hinsch, C. (2011). A two-process view of Facebook use and relatedness need-satisfaction: Disconnection drives use, and connection rewards it. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 766–775. (p. 267)

Sheldon, K. M., & Niemiec, C. P. (2006). It’s not just the amount that counts: Balanced need satisfaction also affects well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 331–341. (p. 264)

Shenton, M. E. (1992). Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 604–612. (p. 398)

Shepard, R. N. (1990). Mind sights. New York: Freeman. (p. 22)

Shepherd, C. (1999, June). News of the weird. Funny Times, p. 21. (p. 263)

Shergill, S. S., Bays, P. M., Frith, C. D., & Wolpert, D. M. (2003). Two eyes for an eye: The neuroscience of force escalation. Science, 301, 187. (p. 365)

Sherif, M. (1966). In common predicament: Social psychology of intergroup conflict and cooperation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. (p. 366)

Sherman, P. W., & Flaxman, S. M. (2001). Protecting ourselves from food. American Scientist, 89, 142–151. (p. 261)

Sherry, S. B., & Hall, P. A. (2009). The perfectionism model of binge eating: Tests of an integrative model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 690–709. (p. 401)

Shettleworth, S. J. (1973). Food reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters. In R. A. Hinde & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), Constraints on learning. London: Academic Press. (p. 183)

Shifren, J. L., Monz, B. U., Russo, P. A., Segreti, A., Johannes, C. B. (2008). Sexual problems and distress in United States women: Prevalence and correlates. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 112, 970–978. (p. 117)

Shockley, K. M., Ispas, D., Rossi, M. E., & Levine, E. L. (2012). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between state affect, discrete emotions, and organizational performance. Human Performance, 25, 377–411. (p. B-5)

Showers, C. (1992). The motivational and emotional consequences of considering positive or negative possibilities for an upcoming event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 474–484. (p. 294)

Shrestha, A., Nohr, E. A., Bech, B. H., Ramlau-Hansen, C. H., & Olsen, J. (2011). Smoking and alcohol during pregnancy and age of menarche in daughters. Human Reproduction, 26, 259–265. (p. 111)

Siegel, J. M. (1990). Stressful life events and use of physician services among the elderly: The moderating role of pet ownership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1081–1086. (p. 296)

Siegel, J. M. (2003, November). Why we sleep. Scientific American, pp. 92–97. (p. 56)

Siegel, R. K. (1977, October). Hallucinations. Scientific American, pp. 132–140. (p. 387)

Siegel, R. K. (1980). The psychology of life after death. American Psychologist, 35, 911–931. (p. 387)

Siegel, R. K. (1982, October). Quoted by J. Hooper, Mind tripping. Omni, pp. 72–82, 159–160. (p. 387)

Siegel, R. K. (1984, March 15). Personal communication. (p. 387)

Siegel, R. K. (1990). Intoxication. New York: Pocket Books. (pp. 386, 387)

Siegel, S. (2005). Drug tolerance, drug addiction, and drug anticipation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 296–300. (p. 173)

Siegler, R. S., & Ellis, S. (1996). Piaget on childhood. Psychological Science, 7, 211–215. (p. 76)

Silber, M. H., & 11 others. (2008). The visual scoring of sleep in adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 3, 121–131. (p. 54)

Silbersweig, D. A., Stern, E., Frith, C., Cahill, C., Holmes, A., Grootoonk, S., Seaward, J., McKenna, P., Chua, S. E., Schnorr, L., Jones, T., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1995). A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Nature, 378, 176–179. (p. 398)

Silva, A. J., Stevens, C. F., Tonegawa, S., & Wang, Y. (1992). Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science, 257, 201–206. (p. 201)

Silva, C. E., & Kirsch, I. (1992). Interpretive sets, expectancy, fantasy proneness, and dissociation as predictors of hypnotic response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 847–856. (p. 156)

Silver, M., & Geller, D. (1978). On the irrelevance of evil: The organization and individual action. Journal of Social Issues, 34, 125–136. (p. 346)

Silver, N. (2009, December 27). The odds of airborne terror. www.fivethirtyeight.com. (p. 225)

Silver, R. C., Holman, E. A., McIntosh, D. N., Poulin, M., & Gil-Rivas, V. (2002). Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 1235–1244. (p. 284)

Silverman, J. (2008, September 8). Quoted by A. Zaharov-Reutt, Skype: The “wow” started 5 years ago. www.itwire.com. (p. 263)

Silverman, K., Evans, S. M., Strain, E. C., & Griffiths, R. R. (1992). Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption. New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 1109–1114. (p. 384)

Simon, H. A., & Chase, W. G. (1973) Skill in chess. American Scientist, 61, 394-403. (p. 238)

Simon, V., Czobor, P., Bálint, S., Mésáros, A., & Bitter, I. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 204–211. (p. 373)

Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28, 1059–1074. (p. 51)

Simonton, D. K. (1988). Age and outstanding achievement: What do we know after a century of research? Psychological Bulletin, 104, 251–267. (p. 246)

Simonton, D. K. (1990). Creativity in the later years: Optimistic prospects for achievement. The Gerontologist, 30, 626–631. (p. 246)

Simonton, D. K. (1992). The social context of career success and course for 2,026 scientists and inventors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 452–463. (p. 227)

Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In session, 65, 467–487. (pp. 305, 306)

Sinclair, R. C., Hoffman, C., Mark, M. M., Martin, L. L., & Pickering, T. L. (1994). Construct accessibility and the misattribution of arousal: Schachter and Singer revisited. Psychological Science, 5, 15–18. (p. 270)

Singer, T., Seymour, B., O’Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. (2004). Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science, 303, 1157–1162. (p. 186)

Singh, D. (1995). Female health, attractiveness, and desirability for relationships: Role of breast asymmetry and waist-to-hip ratio. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16, 465–481. (p. 126)

Singh, S. (1997). Fermat’s enigma: The epic quest to solve the world’s greatest mathematical problem. New York: Bantam Books. (p. 226)

Singh, S., & Riber, K. A. (1997, November). Fermat’s last stand. Scientific American, pp. 68–73. (p. 227)

Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 94–120. (p. 226)

Sipski, M. L., Alexander, C. J., & Rosen, R. C. (1999). Sexual response in women with spinal cord injuries: Implications for our understanding of the able bodied. Journal of Sexual & Marital Therapy, 25, 11–22. (pp. 36, 118)

Sireteanu, R. (1999). Switching on the infant brain. Science, 286, 59, 61. (p. 153)

Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate. Psychological Assessment, 22, 433–445. (p. 403)

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan. (p. 177)

Skinner, B. F. (1956). A case history in scientific method. American Psychologist, 11, 221–233. (p. 178)

Skinner, B. F. (1961, November). Teaching machines. Scientific American, pp. 91–102. (p. 177)

Skinner, B. F. (1983, September). Origins of a behaviorist. Psychology Today, pp. 22–33. (p. 179)

Skov, R. B., & Sherman, S. J. (1986). Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis-confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 93–121. (p. 221)

Slovic, P. (2010, Winter). The more who die, the less we care: Confronting psychic numbing. Trauma Psychology (APA Division 56 Newsletter), pp. 4–8. (p. 223)

Slutske, W. S. (2005). Alcohol use disorders among U.S. college students and their non-college-attending peers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 321–327. (p. 383)

Slutske, W. S., Moffitt, T. E., Poulton, R., & Caspi A. (2012). Undercontrolled temperament at age 3 predicts disordered gambling at age 32: A longitudinal study of a complete birth cohort. Psychological Science, 23, 510–516. (p. 101)

Small, D. A., Loewenstein, G., & Slovic, P. (2007). Sympathy and callousness: The impact of deliberative thought on donations to identifiable and statistical victims. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102, 143–153. (p. 223)

Small, M. F. (1997). Making connections. American Scientist, 85, 502–504. (p. 85)

Smedley, A., & Smedley, B. D. (2005). Race as biology is fiction, racism as a social problem is real: Anthropological and historical perspectives on the social construction of race. American Psychologist, 60, 16–26. (p. 248)

Smelser, N. J., & Mitchell, F. (Eds.). (2002). Terrorism: Perspectives from the behavioral and social sciences. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academies Press. (p. 354)

Smilek, D., Carriere, J. S. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2010). Out of mind, out of sight: Eye blinking as indicator and embodiment of mind wandering. Psychological Science, 21, 786–789. (p. 51)

Smith, A. (1983). Personal correspondence. (p. 398)

Smith, B. C. (2011, January 16). The senses and the multi-sensory. World Question Center (www.edge.org). (p. 160)

Smith, D. M., Loewenstein, G., Jankovic, A., & Ubel, P. A. (2009). Happily hopeless: Adaptation to a permanent, but not to a temporary, disability. Health Psychology, 28, 787–791. (p. 302)

Smith, E., & Delargy, M. (2005). Clinical review: Locked-in Syndrome. British Medical Journal, 330, 406–409. (p. 302)

Smith, M. B. (1978). Psychology and values. Journal of Social Issues, 34, 181–199. (p. 321)

Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752–760. (p. 421)

Smith, M. L., Glass, G. V., & Miller, R. L. (1980). The benefits of psychotherapy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. (p. 421)

Smith, P. B., & Tayeb, M. (1989). Organizational structure and processes. In M. Bond (Ed.), The cross-cultural challenge to social psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (p. B-7)

Smith, P. F. (1995). Cannabis and the brain. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 24, 5–12. (p. 388)

Smith, S. J., Axelton, A. M., & Saucier, D. A. (2009). The effects of contact on sexual prejudice: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 61, 178–191. (p. 366)

Smith, T. B., Bartz, J., & Richards, P. S. (2007). Outcomes of religious and spiritual adaptations to psychotherapy: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy Research, 17, 643–655. (p. 423)

Smith, T. W. (1998, December). American sexual behavior: Trends, sociodemographic differences, and risk behavior. (National Opinion Research Center GSS Topical Report No. 25). (p. 122)

Smith, T. W. (2006). Personality as risk and resilience in physical health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 227–231. (p. 290)

Smits, I. A. M., Dolan, C. V., Vorst, H. C. M., Wicherts, J. M., & Timmerman, M. E. (2011). Cohort differences in big five personality traits over a period of 25 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 1124–1138. (pp. 297, 324)

Snedeker, J., Geren, J., & Shafto, C. L. (2007). Starting over: International adoption as a natural experiment in language development. Psychological Science, 18, 79–86. (p. 231)

Snodgrass, S. E., Higgins, J. G., & Todisco, L. (1986). The effects of walking behavior on mood. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association convention. (p. 278)

Snowdon, D. A., Kemper, S. J., Mortimer, J. A., Greiner, L. H., Wekstein, D. R., & Markesbery, W. R. (1996). Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer’s disease in late life: Finds from the Nun Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, 528–532. (p. 245)

Snyder, S. H. (1984). Neurosciences: An integrative discipline. Science, 225, 1255–1257. (pp. 30, 375)

Snyder, S. H. (1986). Drugs and the brain. New York: Scientific American Library. (p. 427)

Social Watch. (2006, March 8). No country in the world treats its women as well as its men (www.socialwatch.org). (p. 113)

Solomon, D. A., Keitner, G. I., Miller, I. W., Shea, M. T., & Keller, M. B. (1995). Course of illness and maintenance treatments for patients with bipolar disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56, 5–13. (p. 427)

Solomon, J. (1996, May 20). Breaking the silence. Newsweek, pp. 20–22. (p. 375)

Solomon, M. (1987, December). Standard issue. Psychology Today, pp. 30–31. (p. 360)

Song, S. (2006, March 27). Mind over medicine. Time, p. 47. (p. 156)

Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 330–348. (p. 324)

Spanos, N. P., & Coe, W. C. (1992). A social-psychological approach to hypnosis. In E. Fromm & M. R. Nash (Eds.), Contemporary hypnosis research. New York: Guilford. (p. 157)

Sparrow, B., Liu, J., & Wegner, D. M. (2011). Google effects on memory: Cognitive consequences of having information at our fingertips. Science, 333, 776–778. (p. 194)

Speer, N. K., Reynolds, J. R., Swallow, K. M., & Zacks, J. M. (2009). Reading stories activates neural representations of visual and motor experiences. Psychological Science, 20, 989–999. (pp. 186, 233)

Spence, I., & Feng, J. (2010). Video games and spatial cognition. Review of General Psychology, 14, 92–104. (p. 150)

Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1997). Stereotype threat and women’s math performance. Unpublished manuscript, Hope College. (p. 249)

Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs, 74 (Whole No. 498). (p. 196)

Sperry, R. W. (1964). Problems outstanding in the evolution of brain function. James Arthur Lecture, American Museum of Natural History, New York. Cited by R. Ornstein (1977), The psychology of consciousness (2nd ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. (p. 49)

Spiegel, D. (2007). The mind prepared: Hypnosis in surgery. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 99, 1280–1281. (p. 156)

Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., L’Hermite-Balériaux, M., Copinschi, G., Penev, P. D., & Van Cauter, E. (2004). Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: Relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyrotropin. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89, 5762–5771. (p. 58)

Spielberger, C., & London, P. (1982). Rage boomerangs. American Health, 1, 52–56. (p. 290)

Sprecher, S. (1989). The importance to males and females of physical attractiveness, earning potential, and expressiveness in initial attraction. Sex Roles, 21, 591–607. (p. 360)

Spring, B., Pingitore, R., Bourgeois, M., Kessler, K. H., & Bruckner, E. (1992). The effects and non-effects of skipping breakfast: Results of three studies. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association convention. (p. 264)

Srivastava, S., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2003). Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84, 1041–1053. (p. 102)

Srivastava, S., McGonigal, K. M., Richards, J. M., Butler, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2006). Optimism in close relationships: How seeing things in a positive light makes them so. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 143–153. (p. 294)

St. Clair, D., Xu, M., Wang, P., Yu, Y., Fang, Y., Zhang, F., Zheng, X., Gu, N., Feng, G., Sham, P., & He, L. (2005). Rates of adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959–1961. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294, 557–562. (p. 399)

Stager, C. L., & Werker, J. F. (1997). Infants listen for more phonetic detail in speech perception than in word-learning tasks. Nature, 388, 381–382. (p. 230)

Stanford University Center for Narcolepsy. (2002). Narcolepsy is a serious medical disorder and a key to understanding other sleep disorders (www.med.stanford.edu/school/Psychiatry/narcolepsy). (p. 59)

Stanley, J. C. (1997). Varieties of intellectual talent. Journal of Creative Behavior, 31, 93–119. (p. 242)

Stanovich, K. E. (1996). How to think straight about psychology. New York: HarperCollins. (p. 312)

Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2008). On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 672–695. (p. 225)

Starr, J. M., Deary, I. J., Lemmon, H., & Whalley, L. J. (2000). Mental ability age 11 years and health status age 77 years. Age and Ageing, 29, 523–528. (p. 245)

State, M. W., & Sestan, N. (2012). The emerging biology of autism spectrum disorders. Science, 337, 1301–1304. (pp. 78, 79)

Staub, E. (1989). The roots of evil: The psychological and cultural sources of genocide. New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 340)

Staub, E., & Vollhardt, J. (2008). Altruism born of suffering: The roots of caring and helping after experiences of personal and political victimization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 276–280. (p. 432)

Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Schultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subject well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138–161. (p. 305)

Steele, C. M. (1990, May). A conversation with Claude Steele. APS Observer, pp. 11–17. (p. 248)

Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 379–440. (p. 250)

Stein, S. (2009, August 20). New poll: 77 percent support “choice” of public option. Huffington Post (huffingtonpost.com). (p. 15)

Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E., Woolard, J., Graham, S., & Banich, M. (2009). Are adolescents less mature than adults? Minors’ access to abortion, the juvenile death penalty, and the alleged APA “flip-flop.” American Psychologist, 64, 583–594. (p. 87)

Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 83–110. (pp. 90, 91)

Steinberg, L., & Scott, E. S. (2003). Less guilty by reason of adolescence: Developmental immaturity, diminished responsibility, and the juvenile death penalty. American Psychologist, 58, 1009–1018. (p. 87)

Steinberg, L. (1987, September). Bound to bicker. Psychology Today, pp. 36–39. (p. 90)

Steinberg, L. (2010, March). Analyzing adolescence. Interview with Sara Martin. Monitor on Psychology, pp. 26–29. (p. 86)

Steinberg, N. (1993, February). Astonishing love stories (from an earlier United Press International report). Games, p. 47. (p. 359)

Stepanikova, I., Nie, N. H., & He, X. (2010). Time on the Internet at home, loneliness, and life satisfaction: Evidence from panel time-diary data. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 329–338. (p. 267)

Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 237)

Sternberg, R. J. (1988). Applying cognitive theory to the testing and teaching of intelligence. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2, 231–255. (p. 226)

Sternberg, R. J. (1999). The theory of successful intelligence. Review of General Psychology, 3, 292–316. (p. 237)

Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Our research program validating the triarchic theory of successful intelligence: Reply to Gottfredson. Intelligence, 31, 399–413. (pp. 226, 237)

Sternberg, R. J. (2006). The Rainbow Project: Enhance the SAT through assessments of analytical, practical, and creative skills. Intelligence, 34, 321–350. (p. 227)

Sternberg, R. J., & Grajek, S. (1984). The nature of love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 312–329. (p. 362)

Sternberg, R. J., & Kaufman, J. C. (1998). Human abilities. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 479–502. (p. 235)

Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1991). An investment theory of creativity and its development. Human Development, 1–31. (p. 226)

Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1992). Buy low and sell high: An investment approach to creativity. Psychological Science, 1, 1–5. (p. 226)

Stetter, F., & Kupper, S. (2002). Autogenic training: A meta-analysis of clinical outcome studies. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 27, 45–98. (p. 298)

Stevenson, H. W. (1992, December). Learning from Asian schools. Scientific American, pp. 70–76. (p. 249)

Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (1994). Adverse effects of the media portrayed thin-ideal on women and linkages to bulimic symptomatology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 288–308. (p. 401)

Stice, E., Shaw, H., Bohon, C., Marti, C. N., & Rohde, P. (2009). A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: Factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 486–503. (p. 418)

Stice, E., Spangler, D., & Agras, W. S. (2001). Exposure to media-portrayed thin-ideal images adversely affects vulnerable girls: A longitudinal experiment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 270–288. (p. 401)

Stickgold, R. (2000, March 7). Quoted by S. Blakeslee, For better learning, researchers endorse, “sleep on it” adage. New York Times, p. F2. (p. 61)

Stickgold, R., & Ellenbogen, J. M. (2008, August/September). Quiet! Sleeping brain at work. Scientific American Mind, pp. 23–29. (p. 56)

Stickgold, R., Hobson, J. A., Fosse, R., & Fosse, M. (2001). Sleep, learning, and dreams: Off-line memory processing. Science, 294, 1052–1057. (p. 61)

Stiglitz, J. (2009, September 13). Towards a better measure of well-being. Financial Times (www.ft.com). (p. 305)

Stillman, T. F., Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., & Brewer, L. E. (2010). Personal philosophy and personnel achievement: Belief in free will predicts better job performance. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 43–50. (p. 293)

Stillman, T. F., Lambet, N. M., Fincham, F. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2011). Meaning as magnetic force: Evidence that meaning in life promotes interpersonal appeal. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, 13–20. (p. 432)

Stith, S. M., Rosen, K. H., Middleton, K. A., Busch, A. L., Lunderberg, K., & Carlton, R. P. (2000). The intergenerational transmission of spouse abuse: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 640–654. (p. 187)

Stix, G. (2011, March). The neuroscience of true grit. Scientific American, 304, 28–33. (p. 379)

Stockton, M. C., & Murnen, S. K. (1992). Gender and sexual arousal in response to sexual stimuli: A meta-analytic review. Paper presented at the American Psychological Society convention. (p. 118)

Stone, A. A., & Neale, J. M. (1984). Effects of severe daily events on mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 137–144. (p. 302)

Stone, A. A., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Deaton, A. (2010). A snap-shot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. PNAS, 107, 9985–9990. (p. 100)

Storbeck, J., Robinson, M. D., & McCourt, M. E. (2006). Semantic processing precedes affect retrieval: The neurological case for cognitive primary in visual processing. Review of General Psychology, 10, 41–55. (p. 271)

Storms, M. D. (1973). Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors’ and observers’ points of view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 165–175. (p. 339)

Storms, M. D. (1983). Development of sexual orientation. Washington, DC: Office of Social and Ethical Responsibility, American Psychological Association. (p. 122)

Storms, M. D., & Thomas, G. C. (1977). Reactions to physical closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 412–418. (p. 347)

Stowell, J. R., Oldham, T., & Bennett, D. (2010). Using student response systems (“clickers”) to combat conformity and shyness. Teaching of Psychology, 37, 135–140. (p. 342)

Strack, F., Martin, L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 768–777. (p. 278)

Strand, S., Deary, I. J., & Smith, P. (2006). Sex differences in cognitive abilities test scores: A UK national picture. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 463–480. (p. 247)

Strange, B. A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004). b-Adrenergic modulation of emotional memory-evoked human amygdala and hippocampal responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 11454–11458. (p. 200)

Strange, D., Hayne, H., & Garry, M. (2008). A photo, a suggestion, a false memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 587–603. (p. 210)

Strasburger, V. C., Jordan, A. B., & Donnerstein, E. (2010). Health effects of media on children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 125, 756–767. (p. 187)

Stratton, G. M. (1896). Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image. Psychological Review, 3, 611–617. (p. 150)

Straub, R. O., Seidenberg, M. S., Bever, T. G., & Terrace, H. S. (1979). Serial learning in the pigeon. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 32, 137–148. (p. 234)

Straus, M. A., Sugarman, D. B., & Giles-Sims, J. (1997). Spanking by parents and subsequent antisocial behavior of children. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 151, 761–767. (p. 178)

Strawbridge, W. J. (1999). Mortality and religious involvement: A review and critique of the results, the methods, and the measures. Paper presented at a Harvard University conference on religion and health, sponsored by the National Institute for Health Research and the John Templeton Foundation. (p. 300)

Strawbridge, W. J., Cohen, R. D., & Shema, S. J. (1997). Frequent attendance at religious services and mortality over 28 years. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 957–961. (p. 300)

Strayer, D. L., & Watson, J. M. (2012, March/April). Supertaskers and the multitasking brain. Scientific American Mind, pp. 22–29. (p. 51)

Strick, M., Dijksterhuis, A., Bos, M. W., Sjoerdsma, A., & van Baaren, R. B. (2011). A meta-analysis on unconscious thought effects. Social Cognition, 29, 738–762. (p. 226)

Strick, M., Dijksterhuis, A., & van Baaren, R. B. (2010). Unconscious-thought effects take place off-line, not on-line. Psychological Science, 21, 484–488. (p. 226)

Stroebe, W., Schut, H., & Stroebe, M. S. (2005). Grief work, disclosure and counseling: Do they help the bereaved? Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 395–414. (p. 101)

Stross, R. (2011, July 9). The therapist will see you now, via the web. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 419)

Strully, K. W. (2009). Job loss and health in the U.S. labor market. Demography, 46, 221–246. (p. 284)

Štulhofer, A., Šoh, D., Jelaska, N., Ba_ak, V., & Landripet, I. (2011). Religiosity and sexual risk behavior among Croatian college students, 1998–2008. Journal of Sex Research, 48, 360–371. (p. 119)

Stunkard, A. J., Harris, J. R., Pedersen, N. L., & McClearn, G. E. (1990). A separated twin study of the body mass index. New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 1483–1487. (p. 262)

Stutzer, A., & Frey, B. S. (2006). Does marriage make people happy, or do happy people get married? Journal of Socio-Economics, 35, 326–347. (p. 301)

Su, R., Rounds, J., & Armstrong, P. I. (2009). Men and things, women and people: A meta-analysis of sex differences in interests. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 859–884. (p. 110)

Subrahmanyam, K., & Greenfield, P. (2008). Online communication and adolescent relationships. The Future of Children, 18, 119–146. (p. 90)

Suddath, R. L., Christison, G. W., Torrey, E. F., Casanova, M. F., & Weinberger, D. R. (1990). Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 789–794. (p. 399)

Sue, S. (2006). Research to address racial and ethnic disparities in mental health: Some lessons learned. In S. I. Donaldson, D. E. Berger, & K. Pezdek (Eds.), Applied psychology: New frontiers and rewarding careers. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 423)

Suedfeld, P. (1998). Homo invictus: The indomitable species. Canadian Psychology, 38, 164–173. (p. 432)

Suedfeld, P. (2000). Reverberations of the Holocaust fifty years later: Psychology’s contributions to understanding persecution and genocide. Canadian Psychology, 41, 1–9. (p. 432)

Suedfeld, P., & Mocellin, J. S. P. (1987). The “sensed presence” in unusual environments. Environment and Behavior, 19, 33–52. (p. 387)

Sullivan, P. F., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2000). Genetic epidemiology of major depression: Review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1552–1562. (p. 394)

Sullivan/Anderson, A. (2009, March 30). How to end the war over sex ed. Time, pp. 40–43. (p. 118)

Suls, J. M., & Tesch, F. (1978). Students’ preferences for information about their test performance: A social comparison study. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 189–197. (p. 304)

Summers, M. (1996, December 9). Mister Clean. People Weekly, pp. 139–142. (p. 371)

Sun, Q. I., Townsend, M. K., Okereke, O., Franco, O. H., Hu, F. B., & Grodstein, F. (2009). Adiposity and weight change in mid-life in relation to healthy survival after age 70 in women: Prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 339, b3796. (p. 262)

Sundie, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., Vohs, K. D., & Beal, D. J. (2011). Peacocks, Porsches, and Thorsten Veblen: Conspicuous consumption as a sexual signaling system. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 664–680. (p. 126)

Sundstrom, E., De Meuse, K. P., & Futrell, D. (1990). Work teams: Applications and effectiveness. American Psychologist, 45, 120–133. (p. B-8)

Sunstein, C. R. (2007). On the divergent American reactions to terrorism and climate change. Columbia Law Review, 107, 503–557. (p. 222)

Suomi, S. J. (1986). Anxiety-like disorders in young nonhuman primates. In R. Gettleman (Ed.), Anxiety disorders of childhood. New York: Guilford Press. (p. 380)

Suomi, S. J., Collins, M. L., Harlow, H. F., & Ruppenthal, G. C. (1976). Effects of maternal and peer separations on young monkeys. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17, 101–112. (p. 154)

Surgeon General. (1986). The Surgeon General’s workshop on pornography and public health, June 22–24. Report prepared by E. P. Mulvey & J. L. Haugaard and released by Office of the Surgeon General on August 4, 1986. (p. 357)

Surgeon General. (1999). Mental health: A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (p. 376)

Susser, E., Neugenbauer, R., Hoek, H. W., Brown, A. S., Lin, S., Labovitz, D., & Gorman, J. M. (1996). Schizophrenia after prenatal famine. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(1), 25–31. (p. 399)

Sutherland, A. (2006a). Bitten and scratched: Life and lessons at the premier school for exotic animal trainers. New York: Viking. (p. 167)

Sutherland, A. (2006b, June 25). What Shamu taught me about a happy marriage. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 167)

Swami, V., & 60 others. (2010). The attractive female body weight and female body dissatisfaction in 26 countries across 10 world regions: Results of the international body project I. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 309–325. (p. 401)

Swann, W. B., Jr., Chang-Schneider, C., & McClarty, K. L. (2007). Do people’s self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62, 84–94. (p. 329)

Sweat, J. A., & Durm, M. W. (1993). Psychics: Do police departments really use them? Skeptical Inquirer, 17, 148–158. (p. 162)

Swerdlow, N. R., & Koob, G. F. (1987). Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania, and depression: Toward a unified hypothesis of cortico-stiato-pallido-thalamic function (with commentary). Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10, 197–246. (p. 398)

Swinburn, B. A., Sacks, G., Hall, K. D., McPherson, K., Finegood, D. T., Moodie, M. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2011). The global obesity pandemic: Shaped by global drivers and local environments. The Lancet, 378, 804–814. (p. 262)

Taheri, S. (2004a, 20 December). Does the lack of sleep make you fat? University of Bristol Research News (www.bristol.ac.uk). (p. 262)

Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004b). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PloS Medicine, 1(3), e62. (p. 262)

Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. New York: Cambridge University Press. (p. 352)

Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 2–30. (p. 110)

Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72, 271–324. (p. 293)

Tannen, D. (1990). You just don’t understand: Women and men in conversation. New York: Morrow. (p. 110)

Tannenbaum, P. (2002, February). Quoted by R. Kubey & M. Csikszentmihalyi, Television addiction is no mere metaphor. Scientific American, pp. 74–80. (p. 137)

Tanner, J. M. (1978). Fetus into man: Physical growth from conception to maturity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (pp. 86, 111)

Tardif, T., Fletcher, P., Liang, W., Zhang, Z., Kaciroti, N., & Marchman, V. A. (2008). Baby’s first 10 words. Developmental Psychology, 44, 929–938. (p. 231)

Taubes, G. (2001). The soft science of dietary fat. Science, 291, 2536–2545. (p. 264)

Taubes, G. (2002, July 7). What if it’s all been a big fat lie? New York Times. (www.nytimes.com). (p. 264)

Tavernise, S. (2013, February 13). To reduce suicide rates, new focus turns to guns. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 392)

Taylor, C. A., Manganello, J. A., Lee, S. J., & Rice, J. C. (2010). Mothers’ spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children’s aggressive behavior. Pediatrics, 125, 1057–1065. (p. 179)

Taylor, P. J., Gooding, P., Wood, A. M., & Tarrier, N. (2011). The role of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety, and suicide. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 391–420. (p. 392)

Taylor, S. (2011). Etiology of obsessions and compulsions: A meta-analysis and narrative review of twin studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1361–1372. (p. 380)

Taylor, S., Kuch, K., Koch, W. J., Crockett, D. J., & Passey, G. (1998). The structure of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 154–160. (p. 379)

Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist, 38, 1161–1173. (p. 296)

Taylor, S. E. (1989). Positive illusions. New York: Basic Books. (p. 223)

Taylor, S. E. (2002). The tending instinct: How nurturing is essential to who we are and how we live. New York: Times Books. (p. 110)

Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 273–277. (p. 286)

Taylor, S. E., Cousino, L. K., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411–430. (p. 286)

Taylor, S. E., Pham, L. B., Rivkin, I. D., & Armor, D. A. (1998). Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping. American Psychologist, 53, 429–439. (p. 233)

Taylor, S. E., Saphire-Bernstein, S., & Seeman, T. E. (2010). Are plasma oxytocin in women and plasma vasopressin in men biomarkers of distressed pair-bond relationships? Psychological Science, 21, 3–7. (p. 286)

Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1–18. (p. 432)

Teghtsoonian, R. (1971). On the exponents in Stevens’ law and the constant in Ekinan’s law. Psychological Review, 78, 71–80. (p. 136)

Teller. (2009, April 20). Quoted by J. Lehrer, Magic and the brain: Teller reveals the neuroscience of illusion. Wired (www.wired.com). (p. 51)

Tenenbaum, H. R., & Leaper, C. (2002). Are parents’ gender schemas related to their children’s gender-related cognitions? A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 38, 615–630. (p. 114)

Teran-Santos, J., Jimenez-Gomez, A., & Cordero-Guevara, J. (1999). The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents. New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 847–851. (p. 59)

Terrace, H. S. (1979, November). How Nim Chimpsky changed my mind. Psychology Today, pp. 65–76. (p. 234)

Terre, L., & Stoddart, R. (2000). Cutting edge specialties for graduate study in psychology. Eye on Psi Chi, 23–26. (p. C-1)

Tesser, A., Forehand, R., Brody, G., & Long, N. (1989). Conflict: The role of calm and angry parent-child discussion in adolescent development. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8, 317–330. (p. 90)

Tew, J. D., Mulsant, B. H., Haskett, R. F., Joan, P., Begley, A. E., Sackeim, H. A. (2007). Relapse during continuation pharmacotherapy after acute response to ECT: A comparison of usual care versus protocolized treatment. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 19, 1–4. (p. 428)

Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (p. 224)

Thatcher, R. W., Walker, R. A., & Giudice, S. (1987). Human cerebral hemispheres develop at different rates and ages. Science, 236, 1110–1113. (pp. 74, 94)

Thiel, A., Hadedank, B., Herholz, K., Kessler, J., Winhuisen, L., Haupt, W. F., & Heiss, W-D. (2006). From the left to the right: How the brain compensates progressive loss of language function. Brain and Language, 98, 57–65. (p. 47)

Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1986). The New York Longitudinal Study: From infancy to early adult life. In R. Plomin & J. Dunn (Eds.), The study of temperament: Changes, continuities, and challenges. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 102)

Thomas, L. (1992). The fragile species. New York: Scribner’s. (pp. 231, 421)

Thompson, G. (2010). The $1 million dollar challenge. Skeptic, 15, 8–9. (p. 162)

Thompson, J. K., Jarvie, G. J., Lahey, B. B., & Cureton, K. J. (1982). Exercise and obesity: Etiology, physiology, and intervention. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 55–79. (p. 264)

Thompson, P. M., Giedd, J. N., Woods, R. P., MacDonald, D., Evans, A. C., & Toga, A. W. (2000). Growth patterns in the developing brain detected by using continuum mechanical tensor maps. Nature, 404, 190–193. (p. 74)

Thompson, R., Emmorey, K., & Gollan, T. H. (2005). “Tip of the fingers” experiences by Deaf signers. Psychological Science, 16, 856–860. (p. 208)

Thompson-Schill, S. L., Ramscar, M., & Chrysikou, E. G. (2009). Cognition without control: When a little frontal lobe goes a long way. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 259–263. (p. 74)

Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. Psychological Review Monograph Supplement 2, 4–160. (p. 174)

Thorne, J., with Larry Rothstein. (1993). You are not alone: Words of experience and hope for the journey through depression. New York: HarperPerennial. (p. 371)

Thornton, B., & Moore, S. (1993). Physical attractiveness contrast effect: Implications for self-esteem and evaluations of the social self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 474–480. (p. 360)

Thorpe, W. H. (1974). Animal nature and human nature. London: Metheun. (p. 235)

Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L., Tanskanen, A., Haukka, J. (2009). 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: A population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet, 374, 260–267. (p. 425)

Time. (2009, Oct. 14). The state of the American woman. pp. 32–33. (p. 110)

Timmerman, T. A. (2007) “It was a thought pitch”: Personal, situational, and target influences on hit-by-pitch events across time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 876–884. (p. 355)

Tirrell, M. E. (1990). Personal communication. (p. 171)

Tobin, D. D., Menon, M., Menon, M., Spatta, B. C., Hodges, E. V. E., & Perry, D. G. (2010). The intrapsychics of gender: A model of self-socialization. Psychological Review, 117, 601–622. (p. 114)

Toews, P. (2004, December 30). Dirk Willems: A heart undivided. Mennonite Brethren Historical Commission. (www.nbhistory.org/profiles/dirk.en.html). (p. 337)

Tolman, E. C., & Honzik, C. H. (1930). Introduction and removal of reward, and maze performance in rats. University of California Publications in Psychology, 4, 257–275. (p. 184)

Tondo, L., Jamison, K. R., & Baldessarini, R. J. (1997). Effect of lithium maintenance on suicidal behavior in major mood disorders. In D. M. Stoff & J. J. Mann (Eds.), The neurobiology of suicide: From the bench to the clinic. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. (p. 427)

Topolinski, S., & Reber, R. (2010). Gaining insight into the “aha” experience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 401–405. (p. 220)

Torrey, E. F. (1986). Witchdoctors and psychiatrists. New York: Harper & Row. (p. 423)

Torrey, E. F., & Miller, J. (2002). The invisible plague: The rise of mental illness from 1750 to the present. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. (p. 399)

Torrey, E. F., Miller, J., Rawlings, R., & Yolken, R. H. (1997). Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A review of the literature. Schizophrenia Research, 28, 1–38. (p. 399)

Totterdell, P., Kellett, S., Briner, R. B., & Teuchmann, K. (1998). Evidence of mood linkage in work groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1504–1515. (p. 341)

Tovee, M. J., Mason, S. M., Emery, J. L., McCluskey, S. E., & Cohen-Tovee, E. M. (1997). Supermodels: Stick insects or hourglasses? The Lancet, 350, 1474–1475. (p. 401)

Tracey, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Show your pride: Evidence for a discrete emotion expression. Psychological Science, 15, 194–197. (p. 272)

Treffert, D. A., & Christensen, D. D. (2005, December). Inside the mind of a savant. Scientific American, pp. 108–113. (p. 236)

Treffert, D. A., & Wallace, G. L. (2002). Island of genius—The artistic brilliance and dazzling memory that sometimes accompany autism and other disorders hint at how all brains work. Scientific American, 286, 76–86. (p. 236)

Treisman, A. (1987). Properties, parts, and objects. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance. New York: Wiley. (p. 146)

Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill. (pp. 332, 356)

Triandis, H. C., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M. J., Asai, M., & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323–338. (p. 332)

Trickett, P. K., & McBride-Chang, C. (1995). The developmental impact of different forms of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Review, 15, 311–337. (p. 84)

Trillin, C. (2006, March 27). Alice off the page. The New Yorker, p. 44. (p. 320)

Trimble, J. E. (1994). Cultural variations in the use of alcohol and drugs. In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and culture. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. (p. 389)

Triplett, N. (1898). The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of Psychology, 9, 507–533. (p. 346)

Tsang, Y. C. (1938). Hunger motivation in gastrectomized rats. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 26, 1–17. (p. 258)

Tse, D., Langston, R. F., Kakeyama, M., Bethus, I., Spooner P. A., Wood, E. R., Witter, M. P., & Morris, R. G. M. (2007). Schemas and memory consolidation. Science, 316, 76–82. (p. 200)

Tsuang, M. T., & Faraone, S. V. (1990). The genetics of mood disorders. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. (p. 394)

Tuber, D. S., Miller, D. D., Caris, K. A., Halter, R., Linden, F., & Hennessy, M. B. (1999). Dogs in animal shelters: Problems, suggestions, and needed expertise. Psychological Science, 10, 379–386. (p. 22)

Tucker, K. A. (2002). I believe you can fly. Gallup Management Journal. (www.gallupjournal.com/CA/st/20020520.asp). (p. B-5)

Turner, J. C. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. New York: Basil Blackwell. (p. 352)

Turner, N., Barling, J., & Zacharatos, A. (2002). Positive psychology at work. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. B-6)

Tuvblad, C., Narusyte, J., Grann, M., Sarnecki, J., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011). The genetic and environmental etiology of antisocial behavior from childhood to emerging adulthood. Behavior Genetics, 41, 629–640. (p. 403)

Tversky, A. (1985, June). Quoted in K. McKean, Decisions, decisions. Discover, pp. 22–31. (p. 222)

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124–1131. (pp. 222, A-6)

Twenge, J. M. (2000). The age of anxiety? Birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952–1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 1007–1021. (p. 381)

Twenge, J. M. (2001). Birth cohort changes in extraversion: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1966–1993. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 735–748. (p. 324)

Twenge, J. M., Abebe, E. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Fitting in or standing out: Trends in American parents’ choices for children’s names, 1880–2007. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 1, 19–25. (p. 332)

Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Bartels, J. M. (2007). Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 56–66. (p. 266)

Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Stucke, T. S. (2001). If you can’t join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1058–1069. (p. 266)

Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Increases in positive self-views among high school students: Birth-cohort changes in anticipated performance, self-satisfaction, self-liking, and self-competence. Psychological Science, 19, 1082–1086. (p. 321)

Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Freeman, E. C. (2012). Generational differences in young adults’ life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966-2009. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 1045–1062. (p. 332)

Twenge, J. M., Catanese, K. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Social exclusion causes self-defeating behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 606–615. (p. 266)

Twenge, J. M., Gentile, B., DeWall, C. D., Ma, D., & Lacefield, K. (2008). A growing disturbance: Increasing psychopathology in young people 1938–2007 in a meta-analysis of the MMPI. Unpublished manuscript, San Diego State University. (p. 394)

Twenge, J. M., Gentile, B., DeWall, C. N., Ma, D., Lacefield, K., & Schurtz, D. R. (2010). Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938–2007: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 145–154. (p. 293)

Twenge, J. M., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort differences on the children’s depression inventory: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 578–588. (p. 90)

Twenge, J. M., Zhang, L., & Im, C. (2004). It’s beyond my control: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of increasing externality in locus of control, 1960-2002. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 308-319. (p. 293)

Twiss, C., Tabb, S., & Crosby, F. (1989). Affirmative action and aggregate data: The importance of patterns in the perception of discrimination. In F. Blanchard & F. Crosby (Eds.), Affirmative action: Social psychological perspectives. New York: Springer-Verlag. (p. A-4)

Tyler, K. A. (2002). Social and emotional outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: A review of recent research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7, 567–589. (p. 84)

Uchida, Y., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Happiness and unhappiness in East and West: Themes and variations. Emotion, 9, 441–456. (p. 305)

Uchino, B. N. (2009). Understanding the links between social support and physical health. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 236–255. (p. 295)

Uchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1996). The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 488–531. (p. 295)

Uchino, B. N., Uno, D., & Holt-Lunstad, J. (1999). Social support, physiological processes, and health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 145–148. (p. 295)

Udry, J. R. (2000). Biological limits of gender construction. American Sociological Review, 65, 443–457. (p. 111)

UK ECT Review Group. (2003). Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 361, 799–808. (p. 427)

UNAIDS. (2013, accessed May 17). Data and analysis. www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis. (p. 117)

United Nations. (2011, November 17). Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (p. 350)

Urry, H. L., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation in older age. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 352–357. (p. 100)

Urry, H. L., Nitschke, J. B., Dolski, I., Jackson, D. C., Dalton, K. M., Mueller, C. J., Rosenkranz, M. A., Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2004). Making a life worth living: Neural correlates of well-being. Psychological Science, 15, 367–372. (p. 274)

Vacic, V., & 29 others. (2011). Duplications of the neuropeptide receptor gene VIPR2 confer significant risk for schizophrenia. Nature, 471, 499–503. (p. 400)

Vaillant, G. E. (2002). Aging well: Surprising guideposts to a happier life from the landmark Harvard study of adult development. Boston: Little, Brown. (p. 295)

Vaillant, G. E. (2009). Quoted by J. W. Shenk, What makes us happy? The Atlantic (www.theatlantic.com). (p. 266)

Valenstein, E. S. (1986). Great and desperate cures: The rise and decline of psychosurgery. New York: Basic Books. (p. 430)

Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Social consequences of the Internet for adolescents: A decade of research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 1–5. (pp. 90, 267)

Vallone, R. P., Griffin, D. W., Lin, S., & Ross, L. (1990). Overconfident prediction of future actions and outcomes by self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 582–592. (p. 10)

van Anders, S. M., & Dunn, E. J. (2009). Are gonadal steroids linked with orgasm perceptions and sexual assertiveness in women and men? Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6, 739–751. (p. 115)

Van Cauter, E., Holmback, U., Knutson, K., Leproult, R., Miller, A., Nedeltcheva, A., Pannain, S., Penev, P., Tasali, E., & Spiegel, K. (2007). Impact of sleep and sleep loss on neuroendocrine and metabolic function. Hormone Research, 67(1), Supp. 1: 2–9. (p. 58)

vanDellen, M. R., Campbell, W. K., Hoyle, R. H., & Bradfield, E. K. (2011). Compensating, resisting, and breaking: A meta-analytic examination of reactions to self-esteem threat. Personality and Social Psychological Review, 15, 51–74. (p. 330)

Vandenberg, S. G., & Kuse, A. R. (1978). Mental rotations: A group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47, 599–604. (p. 247)

van den Boom, D. C. (1990). Preventive intervention and the quality of mother-infant interaction and infant exploration in irritable infants. In W. Koops, H. J. G. Soppe, J. L. van der Linden, P. C. M. Molenaar, & J. J. F. Schroots (Eds.), Developmental psychology research in The Netherlands. The Netherlands: Uitgeverij Eburon. Cited by C. Hazan & P. R. Shaver (1994). Deeper into attachment theory. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 68–79. (p. 82)

van den Boom, D. C. (1995). Do first-year intervention effects endure? Follow-up during toddlerhood of a sample of Dutch irritable infants. Child Development, 66, 1798–1816. (p. 82)

van den Bos, K., & Spruijt, N. (2002). Appropriateness of decisions as a moderator of the psychology of voice. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 57–72. (p. B-8)

Van Dijk, W. W., Van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Wesseling, Y. M. (2011). Self-esteem, self-affirmation, and schadenfreude. Emotion, 11, 1445–1449. (p. 330)

Van Dyke, C., & Byck, R. (1982, March). Cocaine. Scientific American, pp. 128–141. (p. 386)

van Engen, M. L., & Willemsen, T. M. (2004). Sex and leadership styles: A meta-analysis of research published in the 1990s. Psychological Reports, 94, 3–18. (p. 109)

van Goozen, S. H. M., Fairchild, G., Snoek, H., & Harold, G. T. (2007). The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 149–182. (p. 403)

van Honk, J., Schutter, D. J., Bos, P. A., Kruijt, A-W., Lentje, E. G. & BaronCohen, S. (2011). Testosterone administration impairs cognitive empathy in women depending on second-to-fourth digit ratio. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 3448–3452. (p. 79)

Van Horn, J., Irimia, A., Torgerson, C., Chambers, M., Kikinis, R., & Toga, A. (2012). Mapping connectivity damage in the case of Phineas Gage. PLoS ONE, 7, e37454. (p. 46)

van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2005). Adoption is a successful natural intervention enhancing adopted children’s IQ and school performance. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 326–330. (p. 241)

van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2006). The Emanual Miller Memorial Lecture 2006: Adoption as intervention. Meta-analytic evidence for massive catch-up and plasticity in physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1228–1245. (p. 241)

van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Kroonenberg, P. M. (1988). Cross-cultural patterns of attachment: A meta-analysis of the strange situation. Child Development, 59, 147–156. (p. 82)

van IJzendoorn, M. H., Luijk, M. P. C. M., & Juffer, F. (2008). IQ of children growing up in children’s homes: A meta-analysis on IQ delays in orphanages. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 54, 341–366. (p. 244)

Van Ittersum, K., & Wansink, B. (2012). Plate size and color suggestibility: The Delboeuf illusion’s bias on serving and eating behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 39, 215–228. (p. 261)

Van Kestern, P. J. M., Asscheman, H., Megens, J. A. J., & Gooren, J. G. (1997). Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross-sex hormones. Clinical Endocrinology, 47, 337–342. (p. 114)

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1978). A cross-cultural examination of psychological differentiation in males and females. International Journal of Psychology, 13, 87–122. (p. 113)

Vanman, E. J., Saltz, J. L., Nathan, L. R., & Warren, J. A. (2004). Racial discrimination by low-prejudiced Whites. Psychological Science, 15, 711–714. (p. 351)

Van Yperen, N. W., & Buunk, B. P. (1990). A longitudinal study of equity and satisfaction in intimate relationships. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 287–309. (p. 362)

Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., Stolk, M. N., Koot, H. M., & Alink, L. R. A. (2006). Attachment-based intervention for enhancing sensitive discipline in mothers of 1- to 3-year-old children at risk for externalizing behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 994–1005. (p. 83)

Varnum, M. E. W., & Kitayama, S. (2011). What’s in a name? Popular names are less common on frontiers. Psychological Science, 22, 176–183. (p. 332)

Vaughn, K. B., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1981). The effect of modification of expressive displays on vicarious emotional arousal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 16–30. (p. 278)

Verbeek, M. E. M., Drent, P. J., & Wiepkema, P. R. (1994). Consistent individual differences in early exploratory behaviour of male great tits. Animal Behaviour, 48, 1113–1121. (p. 323)

Verhaeghen, P., & Salthouse, T. A. (1997). Meta-analyses of age-cognition relations in adulthood: Estimates of linear and nonlinear age effects and structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 231–249. (p. 95)

Verosky, S. C., & Todorov, A. (2010). Generalization of affective learning about faces to perceptually similar faces. Psychological Science, 21, 779–785. (p. 172)

Vigil, J. M. (2009). A socio-relational framework of sex differences in the expression of emotion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 375–428. (pp. 275, 276)

Vigil, J. M., Geary, D. C., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2005). A life history assessment of early childhood sexual abuse in women. Developmental Psychology, 41, 553–561. (p. 111)

Vigliocco, G., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2002). The interplay of meaning, sound, and syntax in sentence production. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 442–472. (p. 230)

Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., van der Sluis, S., Posthuma, D., & Boomsma, D. I. (2009). The heritability of aptitude and exceptional talent across different domains in adolescents and young adults. Behavior Genetics, 39, 380–392. (p. 241)

Visich, P. S., & Fletcher, E. (2009). Myocardial infarction. In J. K. Ehrman P. M. Gordon, P. S. Visich, & S. J. Keleyian (Eds.). Clinical exercise physiology (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. (p. 297)

Vitello, P. (2006, June 12). A ring tone meant to fall on deaf ears. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 96)

Vitello, P. (2012, August 1). George A. Miller, a pioneer in cognitive psychology, is dead at 92. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 196)

Vittengl, J. R., Clark, L. A., Dunn, T. W., & Jarrett, R. B. (2007). Reducing relapse and recurrence in unipolar depression: A comparative meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy’s effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 475–488. (p. 426)

Vogel, G. (2010). Long-fought compromise reached on European animal rules. Science, 329, 1588–1589. (p. 22)

Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (eds.) (2011). Handbook of self-regulation, (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford. (pp. 293, 356)

Volkow, N. D., & 12 others. (2009). Evaluating dopamine reward pathway in ADHD: Clinical implications. JAMA, 302, 1084–1091. (p. 373)

von Hippel, W. (2007). Aging, executive functioning, and social control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 240–244. (p. 95)

von Hippel, W., & Trivers, R. (2011). The evolution and psychology of self-deception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 34, 1–56. (p. 330)

von Senden, M. (1932). The perception of space and shape in the congenitally blind before and after operation. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. (p. 150)

von Stumm, S., Hell, B., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2011). The hungry mind: Intellectual curiosity is the third pillar of academic performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 574–588. (p. 238)

Vorona, R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Wu, A., Dubik, M., Zhao, Y., & Ware, J. C. (2011). Dissimilar teen crash rates in two neighboring Southeastern Virginia cities with different high school start times. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7, 145–151. (p. 57)

Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (2007). The role of the situation in leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 17–24. (p. B-6)

VTTI. (2009, September). Driver distraction in commercial vehicle operations. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and U.S. Department of Transportation. (p. 51)

Waber, R. L., Shiv, B., Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2008). Commercial features of placebo and therapeutic efficacy. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299, 1016–1017. (p. 18)

Wade, K. A., Garry, M., Read, J. D., & Lindsay, D. S. (2002). A picture is worth a thousand lies: Using false photographs to create false childhood memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 597–603. (p. 210)

Wade, N. G., Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Vogel, D. L. (2006). Effectiveness of religiously tailored interventions in Christian therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 17, 91–105. (p. 423)

Wagenmakers, E-J., Wetzels, R., Borsboom, D., & van der Maas, H. (2011). Why psychologists must change the way they analyze their data: The case of psi. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 1–12. (p. 162)

Wagner, D. T., Barnes, C. M., Lim, V. K. G., & Ferris, D. L. (2012). Lost sleep and cyberloafing: Evidence from the laboratory and a daylight saving time quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 1068–1076. (p. 57)

Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004). Sleep inspires insight. Nature, 427, 352–355. (p. 56)

Wagstaff, G. (1982). Attitudes to rape: The “just world” strikes again? Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 13, 275–283. (p. 339)

Wai, J., Cacchio, M., Putallaz, M., & Makel, M. C. (2010). Sex differences in the right tail of cognitive abilities: A 30-year examination. Intelligence, 38, 412–423. (p. 247)

Wai, J., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (2005). Creativity and occupational accomplishments among intellectually precocious youths: An age 13 to age 33 longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 484–492. (p. 242)

Wakefield, J. C., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002). Lowered estimates—but of what? Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 129–130. (p. 379)

Walker, E., Shapiro, D., Esterberg, M., & Trotman, H. (2010). Neurodevelopment and schizophrenia: Broadening the focus. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 204–208. (p. 400)

Walker, M. P., & van der Helm, E. (2009). Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 731–748. (pp. 58, 430)

Walker, W. R., Skowronski, J. J., & Thompson, C. P. (2003). Life is pleasant—and memory helps to keep it that way! Review of General Psychology, 7, 203–210. (p. 100)

Walkup, J. T., & 12 others. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 2753–2766. (p. 426)

Wallach, M. A., & Wallach, L. (1983). Psychology’s sanction for selfishness: The error of egoism in theory and therapy. New York: Freeman. (p. 321)

Wallach, M. A., & Wallach, L. (1985, February). How psychology sanctions the cult of the self. Washington Monthly, pp. 46–56. (p. 321)

Walster (Hatfield), E., Aronson, V., Abrahams, D., & Rottman, L. (1966). Importance of physical attractiveness in dating behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 508–516. (p. 359)

Walton, G. M., & Spencer, S. J. (2009). Latent ability: Grades and test scores systematically underestimate the intellectual ability of negatively stereotyped students. Psychological Science, 20, 1132–1139. (p. 250)

Wampold, B. E. (2001). The great psychotherapy debate: Models, methods, and findings. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 423)

Wampold, B. E. (2007). Psychotherapy: The humanistic (and effective) treatment. American Psychologist, 62, 857–873. (p. 421)

Wang, F., DesMeules, M., Luo, W., Dai, S., Lagace, C. & Morrison, H. (2011). Leisure-time physical activity and marital status in relation to depression between men and women: A prospective study. Health Psychology, 30, 204–211. (p. 296)

Wang, X. T., & Dvorak, R. D. (2010). Sweet future: Fluctuating blood glucose levels affect future discounting. Psychological Science, 21, 183–188. (p. 293)

Wansink, B. (2007). Mindless eating: Why we eat more than we think. New York: Bantam Dell. (p. 261)

Warburton, W. A., Williams, K. D., & Cairns, D. R. (2006). When ostracism leads to aggression: The moderating effects of control deprivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 213–220. (p. 292)

Ward, A., & Mann, T. (2000). Don’t mind if I do: Disinhibited eating under cognitive load. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 753–763. (p. 264)

Ward, C. (1994). Culture and altered states of consciousness. In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and culture. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. (p. 381)

Ward, C. A. (2000). Models and measurements of psychological androgyny: A cross-cultural extension of theory and research. Sex Roles, 43, 529–552. (p. 114)

Ward, J. (2003). State of the art synaesthesia. The Psychologist, 16, 196–199. (p. 161)

Ward, K. D., Klesges, R. C., & Halpern, M. T. (1997). Predictors of smoking cessation and state-of-the-art smoking interventions. Journal of Social Issues, 53, 129–145. (p. 385)

Ward, L. M., & Friedman, K. (2006). Using TV as a guide: Associations between television viewing and adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 133–156. (p. 119)

Wardle, J., Cooke, L. J., Gibson, L., Sapochnik, M., Sheiham, A., & Lawson, M. (2003). Increasing children’s acceptance of vegetables: A randomized trial of parent-led exposure. Appetite, 40, 155–162. (p. 157)

Warner, J., McKeown, E., Johnson, K., Ramsay, A., Cort, C., & King, M. (2004). Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 479–485. (p. 121)

Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 129–140. (p. 221)

Wasserman, E. A. (1993). Comparative cognition: Toward a general understanding of cognition in behavior. Psychological Science, 4, 156–161. (p. 175)

Wasserman, E. A. (1995). The conceptual abilities of pigeons. American Scientist, 83, 246–255. (p. 228)

Waterhouse, R. (1993, July 19). Income for 62 percent is below average pay. The Independent, p. 4. (p. A-2)

Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press. (p. 302)

Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158–177. (p. 173, 183)

Watson, J. B. (1924). The unverbalized in human behavior. Psychological Review, 31, 339–347. (p. 183)

Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1–14. (p. 173)

Watson, R. I., Jr. (1973). Investigation into deindividuation using a cross-cultural survey technique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 342–345. (p. 348)

Watson, S. J., Benson, J. A., Jr., & Joy, J. E. (2000). Marijuana and medicine: Assessing the science base: A summary of the 1999 Institute of Medicine report. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 547–553. (p. 388)

Watters, E. (2010). Crazy like us: The globalization of the American psyche. New York: Free Press. (p. 374)

Way, B. M., Creswell, J. D., Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2010). Dispositional mindfulness and depressive symptomatology: Correlations with limbic and self-referential neural activity during rest. Emotion, 10, 12–24. (p. 299)

Wayment, H. A., & Peplau, L. A. (1995). Social support and well-being among lesbian and heterosexual women: A structural modeling approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1189–1199. (p. 98)

Webb, W. B. (1992). Sleep: The gentle tyrant. Bolton, MA: Anker. (p. 58)

Webb, W. B., & Campbell, S. S. (1983). Relationships in sleep characteristics of identical and fraternal twins. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1093–1095. (p. 55)

Wechsler, H., Davenport, A., Dowdall, G., Moeykens, B., & Castillo, S. (1994). Health and behavioral consequences of binge drinking in college. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 1672–1677. (p. 383)

Wechsler, H., Lee, J. E., Kuo, M., Seibring, M., Nelson, T. F., & Lee, H. (2002). Trends in college binge drinking during a period of increased prevention efforts. Journal of American College Health, 50, 203–217. (p. 383)

Weingarten, G. (2002, March 10). Below the beltway. Washington Post, p. WO3. (p. B-1)

Weinstein, N., Ryan, W. S., DeHaan, C. R., Przbylski, A. K., Legate, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Parental autonomy support and discrepancies between implicit and explicit sexual identities: Dynamics of self-acceptance and defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 815–832. (p. 318)

Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806–820. (p. 294)

Weinstein, N. D. (1982). Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5, 441–460. (p. 294)

Weinstein, N. D. (1996, October 4). 1996 optimistic bias bibliography. (weinstein_c@aesop.rutgers.edu). (p. 294)

Weisbuch, M., Ivcevic, Z., & Ambady, N. (2009). On being liked on the web and in the “real world”: Consistency in first impressions across personal webpages and spontaneous behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 573-576. (p. 268)

Weiss, A., King, J. E., & Perkins, L. (2006). Personality and subjective well-being in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 501–511. (p. 323)

Welch, W. W. (2005, February 28). Trauma of Iraq war haunting thousands returning home. USA Today (www.usatoday.com). (p. 378)

Weller, S., & Davis-Beaty, K. (2002). The effectiveness of male condoms in prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4, Art. No. CD004090. (p. 117)

Wellman, H. M., & Gelman, S. A. (1992). Cognitive development: Foundational theories of core domains. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 337–375. (p. 77)

Wells, G. L. (1981). Lay analyses of causal forces on behavior. In J. Harvey (Ed.), Cognition, social behavior and the environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 168)

Wells, J. E., McGee, M. A., & Beautrais, A. L. (2011). Multiple aspects of sexual orientation: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates in a New Zealand national survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 155–168. (p. 121)

Westen, D. (1996). Is Freud really dead? Teaching psychodynamic theory to introductory psychology. Presentation to the Annual Institute on the Teaching of Psychology, St. Petersburg Beach, FL. (p. 316)

Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 333–371. (p. 317)

Westen, D. (2007). The political brain: The role of emotion in deciding the fate of the nation. New York: PublicAffairs. (p. 272)

Westerhoff, N. (2007). Fantasy therapy. Scientific American Mind, 71–75. (p. 415)

Whalley, L. J., Starr, J. M., Athawes, R., Hunter, D., Pattie, A., & Deary, I. J. (2000). Childhood mental ability and dementia. Neurology, 55, 1455–1459. (p. 245)

White, H. R., Brick, J., & Hansell, S. (1993). A longitudinal investigation of alcohol use and aggression in adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 11, 62–77. (p. 354)

White, L., & Edwards, J. (1990). Emptying the nest and parental well-being: An analysis of national panel data. American Sociological Review, 55, 235–242. (p. 99)

White, P. H., Kjelgaard, M. M., & Harkins, S. G. (1995). Testing the contribution of self-evaluation to goal-setting effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 69–79. (p. B-6)

Whitehead, B. D., & Popenoe, D. (2001). The state of our unions 2001: The social health of marriage in America. Rutgers University: The National Marriage Project. (p. 98)

Whiten, A., & Boesch, C. (2001, January). Cultures of chimpanzees. Scientific American, pp. 60–67. (p. 229)

Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. P. (1988). Children of different worlds: The formation of social behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (p. 85)

Whitlock, J. R., Heynen, A. L., Shuler, M. G., & Bear, M. F. (2006). Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Science, 313, 1093–1097. (p. 201)

Whitmer, R. A., Gustafson, D. R., Barrett-Connor, E. B., Haan, M. N., Gunderson, E. P., & Yaffe, K. (2008). Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later. Neurology, 71, 1057–1064. (p. 262)

WHO. (1979). Schizophrenia: An international followup study. Chichester, England: Wiley. (p. 398)

WHO. (2000). Effectiveness of male latex condoms in protecting against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. World Health Organization (www.who.int). (p. 117)

WHO. (2002). The global burden of disease. Geneva: World Health Organization (www.who.int/msa/mnh/ems/dalys/intro.htm). (p. 390)

WHO. (2003). The male latex condom: Specification and guidelines for condom procurement. Department of Reproductive Health and Research, Family and Community Health, World Health Organization. (p. 117)

WHO. (2004). Women, girls, HIV, and AIDS. World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office. (p. 117)

WHO. (2011). Country reports and charts available. Geneva: World Health Organization (int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/country_reports/en/index.html). (p. 398)

WHO. (2010, September). Mental health: strengthening our response. Geneva: World Health Organization (www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/). (p. 371)

WHO. (2012, May). Tobacco: Fact sheet N339. Geneva: World Health Organization (www.who.int). (p. 385)

WHO. (2012, August). How can suicide be prevented? Geneva: World Health Organization (www.who.int/features/qa/24/en/index.html). (p. 392)

Wicherts, J. M., Dolan, C. V., Carlson, J. S., & van der Maas, H. L. J. (2010). Raven’s test performance of sub-Saharan Africans: Mean level, psychometric properties, and the Flynn Effect. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 135–151. (p. 249)

Wickelgren, W. A. (1977). Learning and memory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (p. 198)

Widom, C. S. (1989a). Does violence beget violence? A critical examination of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 3–28. (p. 83)

Widom, C. S. (1989b). The cycle of violence. Science, 244, 160–166. (p. 83)

Wiens, A. N., & Menustik, C. E. (1983). Treatment outcome and patient characteristics in an aversion therapy program for alcoholism. American Psychologist, 38, 1089–1096. (p. 416)

Wierson, M., & Forehand, R. (1994). Parent behavioral training for child noncompliance: Rationale, concepts, and effectiveness. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, 146–149. (p. 180)

Wierzbicki, M. (1993). Psychological adjustment of adoptees: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 447–454. (p. 91)

Wiesel, T. N. (1982). Postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influence of environment. Nature, 299, 583–591. (p. 150)

Wigdor, A. K., & Garner, W. R. (1982). Ability testing: Uses, consequences, and controversies. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. (p. 249)

Wilcox, A. J., Baird, D. D., Dunson, D. B., McConnaughey, D. R., Kesner, J. S., & Weinberg, C. R. (2004). On the frequency of intercourse around ovulation: Evidence for biological influences. Human Reproduction, 19, 1539–1543. (p. 115)

Wilder, D. A. (1981). Perceiving persons as a group: Categorization and intergroup relations. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 352)

Wilkinson, P., & Goodyer, I. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 103–108. (p. 393)

Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2009). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. London: Bloomsbury Press. (p. 356)

Wilkowski, B. M., Robinson, M. D., & Troop-Gordon, W. (2011). How does cognitive control reduce anger and aggression? The role of conflict monitoring and forgiveness processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 830–840. (p. 355)

Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1990). Measuring sex stereotypes: A multination study. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (p. 109)

Williams, J. E., Paton, C. C., Siegler, I. C., Eigenbrodt, M. L., Nieto, F. J., & Tyroler, H. A. (2000). Anger proneness predicts coronary heart disease risk: Prospective analysis from the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Circulation, 101(17), 2034–2040. (p. 290)

Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425–452. (p. 265)

Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need-threat model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 275–313. (p. 265)

Williams, K. D., & Zadro, L. (2001). Ostracism: On being ignored, excluded and rejected. In M. Leary (Ed.), Rejection. New York: Oxford University Press. (p. 265)

Williams, L. E., & Bargh, J. A. (2008). Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science, 322, 606–607. (p. 161)

Williams, N. M., & 13 others. (2010). Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A genome-wide analysis. Lancet, 376, 1401–1408. (p. 373)

Williams, R. (1993). Anger kills. New York: Times Books. (p. 290)

Williams, S. L. (1987). Self-efficacy and mastery-oriented treatment for severe phobias. Paper presented to the American Psychological Association convention. (p. 415)

Willingham, D. T. (2010, Summer). Have technology and multitasking rewired how students learn? American Educator, 42, 23-28. (pp. 197, 268)

Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms. exposure to a face. Psychological Science, 17, 592–598. (p. 97)

Willmuth, M. E. (1987). Sexuality after spinal cord injury: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 389–412. (p. 118)

Wilson, A. E., & Ross, M. (2001). From chump to champ: People’s appraisals of their earlier and present selves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 572–584. (p. 331)

Wilson, C. M., & Oswald, A. J. (2002). How does marriage affect physical and psychological health? A survey of the longitudinal evidence. Working paper, University of York and Warwick University. (p. 295)

Wilson, G. D., & Rahman, Q. (2005). Born gay: The biology of sex orientation. London: Peter Owen Publishers. (p. 124)

Wilson, R. S. (1979). Analysis of longitudinal twin data: Basic model and applications to physical growth measures. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae, 28, 93–105. (p. 74)

Wilson, R. S., Beck, T. L., Bienias, J. L., & Bennett, D. A. (2007). Terminal cognitive decline: Accelerated loss of cognition in the last years of life. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 131–137. (p. 97)

Wilson, T. D. (2006). The power of social psychological interventions. Science, 313, 1251–1252. (p. 250)

Windholz, G. (1989, April-June). The discovery of the principles of reinforcement, extinction, generalization, and differentiation of conditional reflexes in Pavlov’s laboratories. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 26, 64–74. (p. 172)

Windholz, G. (1997). Ivan P. Pavlov: An overview of his life and psychological work. American Psychologist, 52, 941–946. (p. 170)

Winner, E. (2000). The origins and ends of giftedness. American Psychologist, 55, 159–169. (p. 242)

Winter, W. C., Hammond, W. R., Green, N. H., Zhang, Z., & Bilwise, D. L. (2009). Measuring circadian advantage in major league baseball: A 10-year retrospective study. Internal Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4, 394–401. (p. 56)

Wiseman, R., & Greening, E. (2002). The Mind Machine: A mass participation experiment into the possible existence of extra-sensory perception. British Journal of Psychology, 93, 487–499. (p. 162)

Witek-Janusek, L., Albuquerque, K., Chroniak, K. R., Chroniak, C., Durazo, R., & Mathews, H. L. (2008). Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on immune function, quality of life and coping in women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 22(6), 969–981. (p. 299)

Witters, D., & Ander, S. (2013, January 4). Depression increases in areas Superstorm Sandy hit hardest. www.gallup.com. (p. 394)

Witvliet, C. V. O., & Vrana, S. R. (1995). Psychophysiological responses as indices of affective dimensions. Psychophysiology, 32, 436–443. (p. 273)

Wixted, J. T., & Ebbesen, E. B. (1991). On the form of forgetting. Psychological Science, 2, 409–415. (p. 207)

Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development, 69, 875–887. (p. 61)

Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Horowitz, J. D., Powers, M. B., & Telch, M. J. (2008). Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1021–1037. (p. 415)

Woll, S. (1986). So many to choose from: Decision strategies in videodating. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3, 43–52. (p. 360)

Wollmer, M. A., & 18 others. (2012). Facing depression with botulinum toxin: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 574–581. (p. 278)

Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (p. 414)

Wolpe, J., & Plaud, J. J. (1997). Pavlov’s contributions to behavior therapy: The obvious and the not so obvious. American Psychologist, 52, 966–972. (p. 414)

Wong, D. F., Wagner, H. N., Tune, L. E., Dannals, R. F., et al. (1986). Positron emission tomography reveals elevated D2 dopamine receptors in drug-naive schizophrenics. Science, 234, 1588–1593. (p. 398)

Wood, J. M. (2003, May 19). Quoted by R. Mestel, Rorschach tested: Blot out the famous method? Some experts say it has no place in psychiatry. Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com). (p. 317)

Wood, J. M., Bootzin, R. R., Kihlstrom, J. F., & Schacter, D. L. (1992). Implicit and explicit memory for verbal information presented during sleep. Psychological Science, 3, 236–239. (p. 208)

Wood, J. M., Nezworski, M. T., Garb, H. N., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2006). The controversy over the Exner Comprehensive System and the Society for Personality Assessment’s white paper on the Rorschach. Independent Practitioner, 26. (p. 317)

Wood, W. (1987). Meta-analytic review of sex differences in group performance. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 53–71. (p. 109)

Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2002). A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: Implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 699–727. (p. 109)

Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2007). Social structural origins of sex differences in human mating. In S. W. Gagestad & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), The evolution of mind: Fundamental questions and controversies. New York: Guilford Press. (p. 109)

Wood, W., Kressel, L., Joshi, P., & Louie, B. (2012). Meta-analytic review of menstrual cycle effects on mate preferences. Manuscript submitted for publication. (p. 115)

Wood, W., Lundgren, S., Ouellette, J. A., Busceme, S., & Blackstone, T. (1994). Minority influence: A meta-analytic review of social influence processes. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 323–345. (p. 346)

Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007, October). A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychological Review, 114, 843–863. (p. 168)

Woods, N. F., Dery, G. K., & Most, A. (1983). Recollections of menarche, current menstrual attitudes, and premenstrual symptoms. In S. Golub (Ed.), Menarche: The transition from girl to woman. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. (p. 112)

Woolett, K., & Maguire, E. A. (2011). Acquiring “the knowledge” of London’s layout drives structural brain changes. Current Biology, 21, 2109–2114. (p. 201)

Woolley, A. W., Chabris, C. F., Pentland, A., Hasmi, N., & Malone, T. W. (2010). Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups. Science, 330, 686–688. (p. B-7)

World Federation for Mental Health. (2005). ADHD: The hope behind the hype (www.wfmh.org). (p. 373)

Wortham, J. (2010, May 13). Cellphones now used more for data than for calls. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 266)

Worthington, E. L., Jr. (1989). Religious faith across the life span: Implications for counseling and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 17, 555–612. (p. 87)

Worthington, E. L., Jr., Kurusu, T. A., McCullogh, M. E., & Sandage, S. J. (1996). Empirical research on religion and psychotherapeutic processes and outcomes: A 10-year review and research prospectus. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 448–487. (p. 424)

Wortman, C. B., & Silver, R. C. (1989). The myths of coping with loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 349–357. (p. 101)

Wren, C. S. (1999, April 8). Drug survey of children finds middle school a pivotal time. New York Times (www.nytimes.com). (p. 389)

Wrenn, J. M. (2012). NBA rookie Royce White battles anxiety disorder and fear of flying. CNN (www.cnn.com). (p. 377)

Wright, I. C., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Woodruff, P. W. R., David, A. S., Murray, R. M., & Bullmore, E. T. (2000). Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 16–25. (p. 398)

Wright, P., Takei, N., Rifkin, L., & Murray, R. M. (1995). Maternal influenza, obstetric complications, and schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1714–1720. (p. 399)

Wright, P. H. (1989). Gender differences in adults’ same- and cross-gender friendships. In R. G. Adams & R. Blieszner (Eds.), Older adult friendships: Structure and process. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (p. 110)

Wrosch, C., & Miller, G. E. (2009). Depressive symptoms can be useful: Self-regulatory and emotional benefits of dysphoric mood in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1181–1190. (p. 390)

Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26, 179–201. (p. B-1)

Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C. R., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People’s relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 21–33. (p. B-1)

Wuethrich, B. (2001, March). Getting stupid: Surprising new neurological behavioral research reveals that teenagers who drink too much may permanently damage their brains and seriously compromise their ability to learn. Discover, 56, 56–64. (p. 383)

Wulsin, L. R., Vaillant, G. E., & Wells, V. E. (1999). A systematic review of the mortality of depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 6–17. (p. 290)

Wyatt, J. K., & Bootzin, R. R. (1994). Cognitive processing and sleep: Implications for enhancing job performance. Human Performance, 7, 119–139. (p. 208)

Wynne, C. D. L. (2004). Do animals think? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (p. 234)

Wynne, C. D. L. (2008). Aping language: A skeptical analysis of the evidence for nonhuman primate language. Skeptic, 13(4), 10–13. (p. 234)

Xu, Y., & Corkin, S. (2001). H. M. revisits the Tower of Hanoi puzzle. Neuropsychology, 15, 69–79. (p. 206)

Yamagata, S., & 11 others. (2006). Is the genetic structure of human personality universal? A cross-cultural twin study from North America, Europe, and Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 987–998. (p. 324)

Yang, S., Markoczy, L., & Qi, M. (2006). Unrealistic optimism in consumer credit card adoption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28, 170–185. (p. 294)

Yarkoni, T. (2010). Personality in 100,000 words: A large-scale analysis of personality and word use among bloggers. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 363–373. (p. 324)

Yarnell, P. R., & Lynch, S. (1970, April 25). Retrograde memory immediately after concussion. Lancet, 863–865. (p. 202)

Yatham, L. N., Liddle, P. F., Lam, R. W., Zis, A. P., Stoessel, A. J., Sossi, V., Adam, M. J., & Ruth, T. J. (2010). Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on brain 5-HT2 receptors in major depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 196, 474–479. (p. 427)

Ybarra, O. (1999). Misanthropic person memory when the need to self-enhance is absent. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 261–269. (p. 330)

YOU Magazine. (2009, September 10). Wow, look at Caster now! http://you.co.za/. (p. 112)

Young, S. G., Hugenberg, K., Bernstein, M. J., & Sacco, D. F. (2012). Perception and motivation in face recognition: A critical review of theories of the cross-race effect. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 116–142. (p. 353)

Younger, J., Aron, A., Parke, S., Chatterjee, N., & Mackey, S. (2010). Viewing pictures of a romantic partner reduces experimental pain: Involvement of neural reward systems. PLoS ONE 5(10), e13309. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0013309. (p. 266)

Zabin, L. S., Emerson, M. R., & Rowland, D. L. (2005). Child sexual abuse and early menarche: The direction of their relationship and its implications. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 393–400. (p. 111)

Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 6–16. (p. B-6)

Zagorsky, J. L. (2007). Do you have to be smart to be rich? The impact of IQ on wealth, income and financial distress. Intelligence, 35, 489–501. (p. 238)

Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269–274. (p. 347)

Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151–175. (p. 270)

Zajonc, R. B. (1984). On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 39, 117–123. (p. 270)

Zajonc, R. B. (2001). Mere exposure: A gateway to the subliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 224–228. (p. 359)

Zajonc, R. B., & Markus, G. B. (1975). Birth order and intellectual development. Psychological Review, 82, 74–88. (p. A-8)

Zauberman, G., & Lynch, J. G., Jr. (2005). Resource slack and propensity to discount delayed investments of time versus money. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 23–37. (p. 223)

Zeeuws, D., De Rycker, K., De Raedt, R., De Beyne, M., Baeken, C., Vanderbruggen, N. (2011). Intensive high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in an electroconvulsive shock therapy-resistant bipolar I patient with mixed episode. Brain Stimulation, 4, 46–49. (p. 429)

Zeidner, M. (1990). Perceptions of ethnic group modal intelligence: Reflections of cultural stereotypes or intelligence test scores? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 214–231. (p. 248)

Zell, E., & Alicke, M. D. (2010). The local dominance effect in self-evaluation: Evidence and explanations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 368–384. (p. 304)

Zhong, C-B., & Leonardelli, G. J. (2008). Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion literally feel cold? Psychological Science, 19, 838–842. (pp. 161, 228)

Zilbergeld, B. (1983). The shrinking of America: Myths of psychological change. Boston: Little, Brown. (p. 420)

Zillmann, D. (1986). Effects of prolonged consumption of pornography. Background paper for The surgeon general’s workshop on pornography and public health, June 22–24. Report prepared by E. P. Mulvey & J. L. Haugaard and released by Office of the Surgeon General on August 4, 1986. (p. 270)

Zillmann, D. (1989). Effects of prolonged consumption of pornography. In D. Zillmann & J. Bryant (Eds.), Pornography: Research advances and policy considerations. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (pp. 118, 357)

Zillmann, D., & Bryant, J. (1984). Effects of massive exposure to pornography. In N. Malamuth & E. Donnerstein (Eds.), Pornography and sexual aggression. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. (p. 357)

Zimbardo, P. G. (1970). The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. In W. J. Arnold & D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1969. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. (p. 348)

Zimbardo, P. G. (1972, April). Pathology of imprisonment. Transaction/Society, pp. 4–8. (p. 340)

Zimbardo, P. G. (2001, September 16). Fighting terrorism by understanding man’s capacity for evil. Op-ed essay distributed by spsp-discuss@stolaf.edu. (p. 352)

Zimbardo, P. G. (2004, May 25). Journalist interview re: Abu Ghraib prison abuses: Eleven answers to eleven questions. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University. (p. 340)

Zimbardo, P. G. (2007, September). Person x situation x system dynamics. The Observer (Association for Psychological Science), p. 43. (p. 340)

Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Helfand, M. (2008). Ten years of longitudinal research on U.S. adolescent sexual behavior: Developmental correlates of sexual intercourse, and the importance of age, gender and ethnic background. Developmental Review, 28, 153–224. (p. 119)

Zogby, J. (2006, March). Survey of teens and adults about the use of personal electronic devices and headphones. Zogby International. (p. 153)

Zornberg, G. L., Buka, S. L., & Tsuang, M. T. (2000). At issue: The problem of obstetrical complications and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 249–256. (p. 399)

Zou, Z., & Buck, L. B. (2006, March). Combinatorial effects of odorant mixes in olfactory cortex. Science, 311, 1477-1481. (p. 158)

Zubieta, J-K., Heitzeg, M. M., Smith, Y. R., Bueller, J. A., Xu, K., Xu, Y., Koeppe, R. A., Stohler, C. S., & Goldman, D. (2003). COMT val158met genotype affects µ-opioid neurotransmitter responses to a pain stressor. Science, 299, 1240–1243. (p. 155)

Zucker, G. S., & Weiner, B. (1993). Conservatism and perceptions of poverty: An attributional analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 925–943. (p. 339)

Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (p. 256)

Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2005). Cigarette smoking and panic psychopathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 301–305. (p. 377)