PERSONAL VERSUS SITUATIONAL ATTRIBUTIONS Should the 2015 slaughter of nine African-Americans attending a church Bible study in Charleston be attributed to the shooter’s personal traits? (“There is one person to blame here. A person filled with hate,” said South Carolina governor Nikki Haley.) To America’s gun culture? (“At some point, we as a country will have to reckon with the fact that this type of mass violence does not happen in other advanced countries . . . with this kind of frequency,” said President Obama.) Or to both?