12.2.5 12.11–12.12: Plants and animals have a love-hate relationship.

Overcoming a challenge of immobility, plants often use the assistance of animals to disperse their seeds, and they have a wide range of defenses against herbivorous animals.

Question 12.21

Unlike higher plants such as angiosperms and gymnosperms, all bryophytes lack:

  • a) stomata.
  • b) cuticles.
  • c) alternation of generations.
  • d) water transport mechanisms.
  • e) roots.

Question 12.22

Anthers and stigmas are found on:

  • a) bryophytes.
  • b) fungi.
  • c) angiosperms.
  • d) gymnosperms.
  • e) all of the above.

Question 12.23

Which of the following is not an example of a group of angiosperms?

  • a) cacti
  • b) cherry trees
  • c) pine trees
  • d) grasses
  • e) orchids

Question 12.24

Over the evolutionary history of plants:

  • a) the sporophyte has become smaller, though more independent.
  • b) the gametophyte and sporophyte have grown increasingly independent of each other.
  • c) there has been a trend toward gametophyte dominance.
  • d) there has been a trend toward gametophyte dependence on the sporophyte.
  • e) the gametophyte has become larger, though more dependent.

Question 12.25

Which of the following comparisons and contrasts between fungi and plants is incorrect?

  • a) Fungi cannot photosynthesize, but plants can.
  • b) Both fungi and plants use chitin as a structural stabilizer.
  • c) Fungi are heterotrophs (i.e., cannot fix carbon and so must use organic carbon for growth), but plants are not.
  • d) Both fungi and plants have cell walls.
  • e) Both fungi and plants have a sexual stage in their reproductive cycle.

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