Question 13.1

Draw an RNA nucleotide and a DNA nucleotide, highlighting the differences. How is the structure of RNA similar to that of DNA? How is it different?

Question 13.2

What are the major classes of cellular RNA?

Question 13.3

Why is DNA more stable than RNA?

Question 13.4

What parts of DNA make up a transcription unit? Draw a typical bacterial transcription unit and identify its parts.

Question 13.5

What is the substrate for RNA synthesis? How is this substrate modified and joined together to produce an RNA molecule?

Question 13.6

Describe the structure of the holoenzyme of bacterial RNA polymerase.

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Question 13.7

Give the names of the RNA polymerases found in eukaryotic cells and the types of RNA that they transcribe.

Question 13.8

What are the three basic stages of transcription? Describe what happens at each stage.

Question 13.9

Draw a typical bacterial promoter and identify any common consensus sequences.

Question 13.10

What are the two basic types of terminators found in bacterial cells? Describe the structure of each type.

Question 13.11

Compare the roles of general transcription factors and transcriptional activator proteins.

Question 13.12

How are transcription and replication similar and how are they different?

Question 13.13

How is transcription different in bacteria and eukaryotes? How is it similar?