TABLE 18.4 Rates of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in mammalian genes based on human–rodent comparisons
Gene Nonsynonymous rate (per site per 109 years) Synonymous rate (per site per 109 years)
α-Actin 0.01 3.68
β-Actin 0.03 3.13
Albumin 0.91 6.63
Aldolase A 0.07 3.59
Apoprotein E 0.98 4.04
Creatine kinase 0.15 3.08
Erythropoietin 0.72 4.34
α-Globin 0.55 5.14
β-Globin 0.80 3.05
Growth hormone 1.23 4.95
Histone 3 0.00 6.38
Immunoglobulin heavy chain (variable region) 1.07 5.66
Insulin 0.13 4.02
Interferon α 1 1.41 3.53
Interferon γ 2.79 8.59
Luteinizing hormone 1.02 3.29
Somatostatin-28 0.00 3.97

Source: After W. Li and D. Graur, Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution (Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates, 1991), p. 69.