From Source to Speech

Recording and Citing Books

When using a book as a source, locate and record the following citation elements:

Record Notes

When taking notes, create a separate heading for each idea and record each of the citation elements (author, title, and so forth). Indicate whether the material is a direct quotation (statements made word-for-word); a paraphrase (restatement of someone else’s ideas); or a summary (brief overview of someone else’s ideas) of the information (for more on these, see Chapter 4).

Following is a sample note for a paraphrase (see also sample notes for summaries, p. 69, and quotations, p. 81).

NOTES FOR A PARAPHRASE:

Orally Cite Sources in Your Speech

In your speech, alert the audience to the source of any ideas not your own.

SPEECH EXCERPT INDICATING A PARAPHRASE:

According to Dan Ariely’s 2010 book Predictably Irrational, the placebo effect was recorded as early as 1794, when an Italian doctor cured his patient’s toothache for an entire year by rubbing the tooth with, of all things, worm secretions.

You can find more information on oral citation in Chapter 11.

For guidelines on various citation styles including Chicago, APA, MLA, CSE, and IEEE, see Appendix A.