[music playing]

Jessica: Correlation means like when two things are related and causation means like when something is causing the other thing.

Marisa: Correlation-causation fallacy is a mistaken belief that if there is a strong correlation, then one thing caused another.

Jessica: I remember during school I would chew gum a lot and think that it would help me with my test. And I did it three times, and I was like, oh. And then I did really well on those tests. And one day I didn't have gum and it was like a pop quiz. And I was like, no, there's no gum anywhere and I don't have any gum. This is not going to go well.

And I end up taking the test and doing very well. And I was like, OK, so the gum had nothing to do with the way my brain is processing. And I had nothing to do with any of that. So that's one of the things that I thought caused me having a good grade on the tests. But it didn't have anything to do with anything.

Avery: When I was little, I found a $5 bill on the ground right before a big soccer tournament. And we ended up doing really, really well on that soccer tournament. So I thought this $5 bill was super lucky. So I always carried it around with me and brought it to my soccer games as like a good luck token.

Marisa: This is in high school. And you know, like tests are like every other week or every single week. And there was a test coming up that I knew of. But at the time, I think-- you know, high school break-ups. They are detrimental at the time. And so I was going through a breakup of like two weeks in a relationship. And I completely failed the test but-- and I blamed it on my breakup, but it was because I just didn't study.